A.1. Operator Precedence

Operators are shown in decreasing order of precedence from top to bottom (Fig. A.1).

Figure A.1. Operator precedence and associativity chart.

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Operator	Type	Associativity
::	binary scope resolution	left to right
::	unary scope resolution
()	parentheses	left to right
[]	array subscript
.	member selection via object
->	member selection via pointer
++	unary postfix increment
--	unary postfix decrement
typeid	runtime type information
dynamic_cast < type >	runtime type-checked cast
static_cast< type >	compile-time type-checked cast
reinterpret_cast< type >	cast for nonstandard conversions
const_cast< type >	cast away const-ness
++	unary prefix increment	right to left
--	unary prefix decrement
+	unary plus
-	unary minus
!	unary logical negation
~	unary bitwise complement
sizeof	determine size in bytes
&	address
*	dereference
new	dynamic memory allocation
new[]	dynamic array allocation
delete	dynamic memory deallocation
delete[]	dynamic array deallocation
( type )	C-style unary cast	right to left
.*	pointer to member via object	left to right
->*	pointer to member via pointer
*	multiplication	left to right
/	division
%	modulus
+	addition	left to right
-	subtraction
<<	bitwise left shift	left to right
>>	bitwise right shift
<	relational less than	left to right
<=	relational less than or equal to
>	relational greater than
>=	relational greater than or equal to
==	relational is equal to	left to right
!=	relational is not equal to
&	bitwise AND	left to right
^	bitwise exclusive OR	left to right
|	bitwise inclusive OR	left to right
&&	logical AND	left to right
||	logical OR	left to right
?:	ternary conditional	right to left
=	assignment	right to left
+=	addition assignment
-=	subtraction assignment
*=	multiplication assignment
/=	division assignment
%=	modulus assignment
&=	bitwise AND assignment
^=	bitwise exclusive OR assignment
|=	bitwise inclusive OR assignment
<<=	bitwise left-shift assignment
>>=	bitwise right-shift assignment
,	comma	left to right