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Table of content
Genes VII
Authors:
Lewin B.
Published year: 2005
Pages: 1/382
Buy this book on amazon.com >>
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Contents
Contents
1. Introduction
2. DNA is the genetic material
3. DNA is a double helix
4. DNA replication is semiconservative
5. Nucleic acids hybridize by base pairing
6. Mutations change the sequence of DNA
7. Mutations are concentrated at hotspots
8. A cistron is a single stretch of DNA
9. The nature of multiple alleles
10. Recombination occurs by physical exchange of DNA
11. The genetic code is triplet
12. The relationship between coding sequences and proteins
13. cis-acting sites and trans-acting molecules
14. Genetic information can be provided by DNA or RNA
15. Summary
1. Introduction
2. Genes can be mapped by restriction cleavage
3. How variable are individual genomes?
4. Eukaryotic genes are often interrupted
5. Organization of interrupted genes may be conserved
6. Exon sequences are conserved but introns vary
7. Genes can be isolated by the conservation of exons
8. Genes show a wide distribution of sizes
9. Some DNA sequences code for more than one protein
10. How did interrupted genes evolve?
11. The scope of the paradigm
12. Summary
1. Introduction
2. Why are genomes so large?
3. Total gene number is known for several organisms
4. How many genes are essential?
5. How many genes are expressed?
6. Organelles have DNA
7. Organelle genomes are circular DNAs that code for organelle proteins
8. Mitochondrial DNA codes for few proteins
9. The chloroplast genome codes for 100 proteins and RNAs
10. Summary
1. Introduction
2. Gene clusters are formed by duplication and divergence
3. Sequence divergence is the basis for the evolutionary clock
4. Pseudogenes are dead ends of evolution
5. Unequal crossing-over rearranges gene clusters
6. Genes for rRNA form tandem repeats
7. The repeated genes for rRNA maintain constant sequence
8. Crossover fixation could maintain identical repeats
9. Satellite DNAs often lie in heterochromatin
10. Arthropod satellites have very short identical repeats
11. Mammalian satellites consist of hierarchical repeats
12. Minisatellites are useful for genetic mapping
13. Summary
1. Introduction
2. Transfer RNA is the adapter
3. Messenger RNA is translated by ribosomes
4. The life cycle of messenger RNA
5. Translation of eukaryotic mRNA
6. The 5 end of eukaryotic mRNA is capped
7. The 3 terminus is polyadenylated
8. Bacterial mRNA degradation involves multiple enzymes
9. Yeast mRNA degradation involves multiple activities
10. Sequence elements may destabilize mRNA
11. Nonsense mutations trigger a surveillance system
12. Summary
1. Introduction
2. The stages of protein synthesis
3. Initiation in bacteria needs 30S subunits and accessory factors
4. A special initiator tRNA starts the polypeptide chain
5. Initiation involves base pairing between mRNA and rRNA
6. Small subunits scan for initiation sites on eukaryotic mRNA
7. Eukaryotes use a complex of many initiation factors
8. Elongation factor T loads aminoacyl-tRNA into the A site
9. Translocation moves the ribosome
10. Three codons terminate protein synthesis
11. Ribosomes have several active centers
12. The organization of 16S rRNA
13. 23S rRNA has peptidyl transferase activity
14. Summary
1. Introduction
2. Codon-anticodon recognition involves wobbling
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Genes VII
Authors:
Lewin B.
Published year: 2005
Pages: 1/382
Buy this book on amazon.com >>