The Usborne Internet-Linked Encyclopedia of World History
The Usborne Internet-Linked Encyclopedia of World History
ISBN: 0794503322
EAN: 2147483647
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 874
Pages: 874
Authors: Jane Bingham
- The Encyclopedia of World History
- I. Prehistoric Times
- A. Introduction
- 1. History and Prehistory
- 2. The Study of Prehistory
- a. Archaeology as Anthropology and History
- b. Culture and Context
- c. Time and Space
- d. Finding and Digging up the Past
- e. Analysis and Interpretation
- f. Subdividing Prehistoric Times
- g. Theoretical Approaches to Prehistory
- B. Prehistory and the Great Ice Age
- C. Human Origins (4 Million to 1.8 Million Years Ago)
- D. Homo Erectus and the First Peopling of the World (1.8 Million to 250,000 Years Ago)
- 1. Homo Erectus
- 2. Fire
- 3. Out of Africa
- E. Early Homo Sapiens (c. 250,000 to c. 35,000 Years Ago)
- 1. The Neanderthals
- F. The Origins of Modern Humans (c. 150,000 to 100,000 Years Ago)
- G. The Spread of Modern Humans in the Old World (100,000 to 12,000 Years Ago)
- 1. Europe
- 2. Eurasia and Siberia
- 3. South and Southeast Asia
- H. The First Settlement of the Americas (c. 15,000 Years Ago)
- I. After the Ice Age: Holocene Hunter-Gatherers (12,000 Years Ago to Modern Times)
- 1. African Hunter-Gatherers
- 2. Asian Hunter-Gatherers
- 3. Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Europe
- 4. Near Eastern Hunters and Foragers
- 5. Paleo-Indian and Archaic North Americans
- 6. Central and South Americans
- J. The Origins of Food Production
- K. Early Food Production in the Old World (c. 10,000 B.C.E. and Later)
- 1. First Farmers in the Near East
- 2. Early European Farmers
- 3. Egypt and Sub-Saharan Africa
- 4. Asian Farmers
- L. The Origins of Food Production in the Americas (c. 5000 B.C.E. and Later)
- M. Later Old World Prehistory (3000 B.C.E. and Afterward)
- 1. State-Organized Societies
- 2. Webs of Relations
- 3. Later African Prehistory
- a. Egypt and Nubia
- b. West African States
- c. East and Southern Africa
- 4. Europe after 3500 B.C.E.
- 5. Eurasian Nomads
- 6. Asia
- a. South Asia
- b. China
- c. Japan
- d. Southeast Asia
- 7. Offshore Settlement in the Pacific
- N. Chiefdoms and States in the Americas (c. 1500 B.C.E.-1532 C.E.)
- 1. North American Chiefdoms
- 2. Mesoamerican Civilizations
- a. Olmec
- b. Teotihuacn
- 3. Andean Civilizations
- a. Beginnings
- b. Chavin
- c. Moche
- d. Tiwanaku
- e. Chimu
- O. The End of Prehistory (1500 C.E. to Modern Times)
- II. Ancient and Classical Periods, 3500 B.C.E. - 500 C.E.
- A. Global and Comparative Dimensions
- 1. Origins of Civilizations, 4000-2000 B.C.E.
- a. Emergence of First Civilizations
- b. Later Primary Civilizations
- c. Early, Complex Nonurban Societies
- d. Comparisons
- 2. The Growth of Civilizations, 2000-300 B.C.E.
- a. The Creation of Regionally Unified Societies
- b. Civilizations and Nonurban Societies
- c. The Axial Period
- 3. Classical Civilizations, 300 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
- a. The Middle East
- b. The Mediterranean Basin
- c. Chinese Imperial Unity
- d. Indian Empires
- e. Expansion of the Ecumene
- 4. The Spread of Religions, 300 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
- a. The Spread of Hellenism
- b. Buddhism
- c. Hinduism
- d. The Expansion of Christianity
- B. Kingdoms of Western Asia and Africa, to 323 B.C.E.
- 1. Periodization
- 2. Mesopotamia, c. 3500-539 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. The Sumerians and the Akkadians
- d. The Amorite Kingdoms
- e. The Kassites, the Hurrians, and the Arameans
- f. The Neo-Assyrians and the Neo-Babylonians
- 3. Egypt, c. 3500-332 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. The Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (1st-11th Dynasties)
- d. The Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period (11th-17th Dynasties)
- e. The New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period (18th-24th Dynasties)
- f. The Late Dynastic Period (25th-31st Dynasties)
- 4. East Africa, c. 2000-332 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. Kush and Punt
- d. The Kingdoms of Napata and Mero
- 5. Syria-Palestine, c. 3500-323 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. Ebla and Mari
- d. The Land of Canaan
- e. Israel and Judah
- f. The Land of Aram (Syria)
- 6. Phoenicia, Carthage, and the Phoenician Colonies, c. 1200-322 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. Phoenicia
- d. Carthage and the Western Phoenician Colonies
- 7. Asia Minor, c. 3000-333 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. The Hattians and the Hittites
- d. The Phrygians and the Lydians
- e. Persian Asia Minor
- 8. Armenia, c. 1300-331 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. Urartu (Van)
- d. Armenia
- 9. Iran, c. 2700-330 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. The Elamites
- d. The Medes and the Persians
- e. The Persian Empire
- 10. Arabia, c. 850-332 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- c. Northern Arabia
- d. Southern Arabia
- C. Early Civilizations and Classical Empires of South and East Asia
- 1. South Asia, to 72 B.C.E.
- 2. South Asia, 72 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
- a. North India: Punjab and the Gangetic Plain
- b. The Deccan
- c. South India
- d. Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
- 3. Southeast Asia, c. 500 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
- a. Funan
- b. Champa
- c. Burma (Pagan)
- 4. China, to 221 B.C.E.
- a. Schools of Classical Chinese Thought
- 5. China, 221 B.C.E.-589 C.E.
- 6. Korea, to 540 C.E.
- 7. Japan, to 527 C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. Ethnology
- c. Religion
- d. Early Civilization
- e. Japanese Historical Mythology
- D. Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World
- 1. The Bronze Age, 3000-1200 B.C.E.
- a. Geography
- b. The Minoan Civilization
- c. Mainland Greece: The Early and Middle Helladic Periods
- d. The Late Helladic Period: The Mycenaean Age
- e. The Greeks in Asia Minor
- 2. The Dark Ages, 1200-800 B.C.E.
- a. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- b. The Dorian Invasion
- c. The Aeolian and Ionian Migrations and the Greek Renaissance
- 3. The Archaic Period, 800-510 B.C.E.
- a. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- b. Asia Minor and the Aegean Islands
- c. Sparta and the Peloponnese
- d. Athens
- e. Central and Northern Greece
- f. Sicily and Magna Graecia
- 4. The Classical Age, 510-323 B.C.E.
- a. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture
- b. The Rise of Athenian Democracy and the Persian Wars
- c. The Rise of the Athenian Empire
- d. The First Peloponnesian War
- e. The Second (Great) Peloponnesian War
- f. The Spartan Hegemony
- g. The Theban Hegemony
- h. The Macedonian Empire
- 5. The Hellenistic World, to 30 B.C.E.
- a. Economy, Society, and Culture
- b. The Wars of the Diadochi
- c. Macedon and Greece, to 146 B.C.E.
- d. The Seleucids and Pergamum
- e. Parthia
- f. Bactria
- g. Ptolemaic Egypt to the Roman Conquest
- h. Sicily
- E. Rome
- 1. The Monarchy and the Early Republic, 334 (338)-264 B.C.E.
- a. Geography and Climate
- b. The Peoples of Italy
- c. Economy, Society, and Culture
- d. The Regal Period
- e. The Early Republic
- f. The Conquest of Italy
- 2. The Republic, 264-70 B.C.E.
- a. Geography and Climate
- b. Economy, Society, and Culture
- c. The Punic Wars
- d. Conquest of the Mediterranean
- e. Domestic Strife
- f. War and Politics, to 70 B.C.E.
- 3. Civil War and Renewal, 70 B.C.E.-14 C.E.
- a. Economy, Society, and Culture
- b. Military Dynasts and Civil Wars
- c. Augustus and the Principate
- 4. The Roman Empire, 14-284 C.E.
- a. Geography and Climate
- b. Economy, Society, and Culture
- c. The Julio-Claudians
- d. Early Christianity
- e. The High Empire
- f. The Third Century
- g. The Rise of Christianity
- 5. The Later Empire, 284-527 C.E.
- a. Economy, Society, and Culture
- b. Diocletian and the House of Constantine
- c. From the Death of Julian to the Death of Valentinian III
- d. Christians and Pagans
- e. The Later Fifth Century
- F. The Neo-Persian Empire of the Sassanians, 223-651 C.E.
- a. Economy, Society, and Culture
- b. Ardashir I to Shapur II
- c. Shapur II to the Reforms of Khusrau I
- d. Hormizd IV to the Muslim Conquest
- III. The Postclassical Period, 500 - 1500
- A. Global and Comparative Dimensions
- 1. Periodization, 500-1000
- a. Transformation of Regional Civilizations
- b. Comparisons
- c. Interregional Relationships
- d. Continued Spread of Religions
- e. The Global Picture
- 2. The High Postclassical Period, 1000-1500
- a. Major Interregional Expansions
- b. Interregional Exchanges
- c. The Religious Context
- d. The Global Picture
- B. The Middle East and North Africa, 500-1500
- 1. The Rise and Expansion of Islam, 610-945
- a. Overview
- b. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam
- c. The Umayyad Caliphate
- d. The Abbasid Caliphate and Its Breakup
- 2. The Muslim Middle East and North Africa, c. 945-1500
- a. Overview
- b. Iran, Iraq, and Anatolia
- c. The Mongol Empire and Its Successors
- d. The Ottoman Empire
- e. Egypt and Syria
- f. North Africa
- C. South and Southeast Asia, 500-1500
- 1. South Asia, 500-1199
- a. North India
- b. Deccan and Western India
- c. South India
- 2. Southeast Asia, 500-900
- a. The Malay Archipelago and Peninsula
- b. Mainland Southeast Asia
- 3. South Asia, 1000-1500
- a. North India and Deccan
- b. Bengal
- c. South India
- d. Ceylon
- 4. Southeast Asia, c. 900-1557
- a. The Malay Archipelago and Peninsula
- b. Mainland Southeast Asia
- D. Africa, 500-1500
- 1. Historical Trends, 500-1000
- 2. Regions, 500-1000
- a. Sudanic West and Central Africa
- b. Forest West Africa
- c. Northeast Africa (Horn)
- d. East Africa
- e. West Central Africa
- f. Southern Africa
- g. Madagascar
- 3. Historical Trends, 1000-1500
- 4. Regions, 1000-1500
- a. Sudanic West and Central Africa
- b. Forest West Africa
- c. Northeast Africa (Horn)
- d. East Africa
- e. West Central Africa
- f. Southern Africa
- g. Madagascar
- E. East Asia, to 1527
- 1. China, 589-960
- a. Periodization and Events
- b. Political, Social, and Cultural Patterns
- 2. China, 960-1521
- a. Periodization and Events
- b. Political, Social, and Cultural Patterns
- c. The Mongol Period
- d. The Early Ming
- 3. Korea, 540-918
- 4. Korea, 918-1392
- a. Major Events
- b. Political, Social, and Cultural Patterns
- 5. Japan, 552-1185
- 6. Japan, 1185-1493
- a. General Characteristics
- b. Major Events
- 7. Vietnam
- a. Origins to 1009
- b. 1009-1527, Independence and Its Defense
- F. Europe, 461-1500
- 1. Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 461-1000
- a. Conditions of Life
- b. The Early Church
- c. Invaders of the West
- d. The Ostrogoths in Italy
- e. The Frankish Kingdom
- f. The Lombards and the Popes
- g. The Empire of Charlemagne and Its Disintegration
- h. The West Franks under the Carolingian Kings
- i. Germany under the Carolingian and Saxon Emperors
- j. Spain
- k. The British Isles
- l. Scandinavia
- 2. Eastern Europe, 500-1025
- a. The Byzantine Empire
- b. The First Bulgarian Empire
- 3. Western Europe and the Age of the Cathedrals, 1000-1300
- a. Overview
- b. The British Isles
- c. France
- d. Germany
- e. Scandinavia
- f. The Papacy and Italy
- g. The Iberian Peninsula
- 4. Eastern Europe, 1000-1300
- a. The Slavs
- b. Bohemia and Moravia
- c. Poland
- d. Kievan Russia
- e. Hungary
- f. Serbia
- g. The Second Bulgarian Empire
- 5. Christian States in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1000-1300
- a. The Byzantine Empire
- b. The Crusades
- c. Latin and Greek States in the Middle East
- 6. Western Europe, 1300-1500
- a. Overview
- b. The British Isles
- c. France
- d. The Iberian Peninsula
- e. The Papacy and Italy
- f. The Holy Roman Empire
- g. Scandinavia
- 7. Eastern Europe, 1300-1500
- a. Poland
- b. Lithuania
- c. Russia
- d. Hungary
- e. The Serbian States
- f. The Byzantine Empire
- G. The Americas, 1000-1525
- 1. Pre-Columbian South and Central America and the Caribbean, 1200-1530
- 2. Pre-Columbian Explorations by Europeans, 1200-1530
- 3. The Voyages of Columbus, 1492-1504
- 4. Post-Columbian Discoveries, 1497-1522
- IV. The Early Modern Period, 1500 - 1800
- A. Global and Comparative Dimensions
- 1. New-Style Empires and States, 1500-1700
- a. Gunpowder Empires
- b. Other Emerging States
- c. European National Monarchies
- d. The New Context of the 18th Century
- 2. Transformations of Major World Societies, 1500-1800
- a. Commercialization
- b. Worldview Reformations
- 3. Global Interaction Networks
- a. The Emerging World Economy
- b. The Exchange of New Products
- c. The Spread of Diseases
- B. Early Modern Europe, 1479-1815
- 1. Europe, 1479-1675
- a. Overview
- b. England, Scotland, and Ireland
- c. The Netherlands
- d. France
- e. The Iberian Peninsula
- f. Italy
- g. The German Empire
- h. Scandinavia
- i. Russia
- j. Poland-Lithuania
- k. Bohemia
- l. Hungary
- 2. Science and Learning, 1450-1700
- a. Science
- b. Inventions and Technology
- 3. Europe, 1648-1814
- a. Economic and Social Changes
- b. Intellectual Developments
- c. Culture and Popular Culture
- d. Science and Technology
- 4. European Diplomacy and Wars, 1648-1795
- 5. National Patterns, 1648-1815
- a. England, Scotland, and Ireland
- b. The Dutch Republic
- c. France
- d. The Iberian Peninsula
- e. Italy and the Papacy
- f. The Swiss Confederation
- g. The Holy Roman Empire
- h. Scandinavia
- i. Poland
- j. Russia
- C. The Middle East and North Africa, 1500-1800
- 1. Overview
- 2. The Middle East, 1501-1808
- a. The Ottoman Empire
- b. Iran
- c. Afghanistan
- d. Arabia
- 3. North Africa, 1504-1799
- a. Morocco
- b. Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya
- D. South and Southeast Asia, 1500-1800
- 1. India, 1500-1800
- 2. Southeast Asia, 1500-1800
- a. The Malay Peninsula and Archipelago
- b. Kedah
- c. Aceh
- d. Malaysia, 1509-1790
- e. Maluku (Eastern Indonesia), 1500-17th Century
- 3. Mainland Southeast Asia, 1500-1800
- a. Burma
- b. Siam (Ayutthaya)
- c. Cambodia
- E. East Asia, c. 1500-c. 1800
- 1. Overview
- 2. China, 1522-1796
- a. The Remainder of the Ming Dynasty
- b. The Qing Dynasty
- 3. Korea, 1392-1800
- 4. Japan, 1542-1793
- 5. Vietnam, 1527-1802
- F. The Pacific Region, 1513-1798
- 1. The Pacific Islands in Pre-European Times
- 2. European Exploration, 1600-1800
- 3. The Philippines, 1500-1800
- G. Africa, 1500-1800
- 1. Overview
- 2. Regions
- a. Sudanic West and Central Africa
- b. Forest West Africa
- c. Northeast Africa (Horn)
- d. East Africa
- e. West Central Africa
- f. Southern Africa
- g. Madagascar
- H. Latin America, 1500-1800
- 1. The Spanish Conquest
- 2. The Caribbean and the Isthmus, 1499-1531
- 3. Venezuela and Nueva Granada, 1521-1549
- 4. Peru and the West Coast, 1522-1581
- 5. The Ro De La Plata
- 6. New Spain, 1518-1574
- a. The Conquest of Mexico
- b. Expansion to the South
- c. Expansion to the North and the Pacific Coast
- d. The Gulf Coast, Florida, and the Carolinas
- 7. Foreign Encroachments and Territorial Changes, 1580-1800
- 8. The Spanish Colonial System, 1550-1800
- a. Population Development
- b. Administration
- c. The Church and the Missions
- d. Economic Conditions
- e. Social and Cultural Evolution
- f. Insurrections
- 9. Portuguese America, 1500-1815
- 10. The Portuguese Colonial System
- I. North America, 1500-1789
- 1. Overview
- 2. Exploration and Settlement, 1500-1719
- a. The French in North America
- b. The English in North America
- c. Dutch and Swedish Settlements
- 3. Colonial History, 1641-1737
- a. New England
- b. New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania
- c. Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland
- d. The Southern Colonies
- 4. Wars of England with France and Spain, 1651-1763
- 5. Reform, Resistance, and Revolution, 1763-1789
- V. The Modern Period, 1789 - 1914
- A. Global and Comparative Dimensions
- 1. European Global Domination, 1800-1914
- a. Developments in Major Empires
- b. Intensified Imperial Competition
- c. Major Land-Based Empires
- d. Spread of Modern Industrialism
- e. Development of Modern Political Systems
- f. Cultural Patterns
- 2. Intensifications of Global International and Economic Relations, 1860-1914
- a. International Agreements
- b. The Redefinition of the World Economy
- c. International Diplomacy
- 3. Technological Developments, 1800-1914
- a. Energy and Power Sources
- b. Materials and Construction
- c. Machines and Industrial Techniques
- d. Agricultural Production and Food Technology
- e. Transportation and Communication
- 4. Polar Explorations
- a. Early Explorations
- b. Early Modern European Expeditions
- c. 19th-Century Explorations
- d. 20th-Century Explorations
- B. The French Revolution and Europe, 1789-1914
- 1. Overview
- 2. The French Revolution, 1789-1799
- a. Causes of the Revolution
- b. The National Assembly
- c. The Legislative Assembly
- d. The National Convention: The Revolution s Most Radical Phase
- e. The Directory
- 3. The Napoleonic Period, 1799-1815
- a. The Consulate
- b. The First Empire
- 4. Western and Central Europe, 1815-1848
- a. Social, Cultural, and Economic Trends
- b. European Diplomacy
- c. The British Isles
- d. The Low Countries
- e. France
- f. The Iberian Peninsula
- g. The Italian States
- h. Switzerland
- i. Central Europe
- j. Scandinavia
- 5. Revolutions in Europe, 1848-1852
- a. France
- b. Hungary
- c. Austria and Bohemia
- d. Italy
- e. Switzerland
- f. Germany
- 6. European Diplomacy, 1848-1914
- 7. Western and Central Europe, 1848-1914
- a. Social, Cultural, and Economic Trends
- b. Britain
- c. The Low Countries
- d. France
- e. The Iberian Peninsula
- f. Italy and the Papacy
- g. Switzerland
- h. Central Europe
- i. Scandinavia
- 8. Eastern Europe and the Balkans, 1762-1914
- a. Russia
- b. Poland
- c. The Balkans
- C. The Middle East and North Africa, 1792-1914
- 1. Overview
- 2. The Middle East and Egypt, 1796-1914
- a. The Ottoman Empire
- b. Iran
- c. Afghanistan
- d. Arabia
- e. Egypt
- 3. North Africa, 1792-1914
- a. Morocco
- b. Algeria
- c. Tunisia
- d. Libya
- D. South and Southeast Asia, 1753-1914
- 1. India, 1800-1914
- 2. Southeast Asia, 1753-1914
- a. Mainland Southeast Asia
- b. Peninsular and Island Southeast Asia
- E. East Asia, 1793-1914
- 1. China, 1796-1914
- 2. Korea, 1800-1910
- 3. Japan, 1793-1914
- 4. Vietnam, 1802-1902
- F. The Pacific Region, c. 800-1914
- 1. The Pacific Islands, 1794-1914
- 2. The Philippines, 1800-1913
- 3. Australia, 1788-1914
- 4. New Zealand, c. 800-1913
- G. Africa, 1795-1917
- 1. Overview
- 2. European Exploration, 1795-1895
- 3. Regions
- a. Sudanic West and Central Africa
- b. Forest West Africa
- c. Northeast Africa (Horn)
- d. East Africa
- e. West Central Africa
- f. Southern Africa
- g. Madagascar
- H. North America, 1789-1914
- 1. The United States, 1789-1877
- a. Overview
- b. The Early National Period
- c. The Civil War
- d. Reconstruction
- 2. The United States, 1878-1914
- a. Overview
- b. New Political, Social, and Diplomatic Issues
- 3. British North America, 1789-1914
- a. Overview
- b. The Dominion of Canada, 1789-1877
- c. Newfoundland, 1855-1878
- d. Canada, 1878-1914
- e. Newfoundland, 1878-1914
- I. Latin America, 1806-1914
- 1. Periodization
- 2. The Wars of Independence, 1806-1872
- a. Causes
- b. The Ro De La Plata
- c. Paraguay
- d. The Banda Oriental (Uruguay)
- e. Chile
- f. Peru and Upper Peru (Peru and Bolivia)
- g. Venezuela, Nueva Granada, and Quito (Gran Colombia)
- h. New Spain (Mexico)
- i. Guatemala and Central America
- j. Brazil
- 3. Latin America, 1820-1914
- a. Overview
- b. South America
- c. Central America
- d. Mexico
- e. The Caribbean
- VI. The World Wars and the Interwar Period, 1914 - 1945
- A. Global and Comparative Dimensions
- 1. Emerging Global Relationships
- a. Developing Global Institutions and Structures
- b. Globally Competing Ideologies
- 2. Nationalist Options
- a. Globalization of Culture
- 3. International Relations
- a. The Post-World War I Era
- b. The Era of the Great Depression
- 4. Science
- a. Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy
- b. Chemistry, Biology, Geology
- 5. Technological Developments
- a. Energy and Materials
- b. Materials and Construction
- c. Machines and Industrial Techniques
- d. Agricultural Production and Food Technology
- e. Transportation and Communication
- B. World War I, 1914-1918
- 1. The Western Front, 1914-1915
- 2. The Eastern Front, 1914-1915
- 3. The War at Sea, 1914-1915
- 4. The Balkan Situation, 1914-1915
- 5. The Intervention of Italy, 1915
- 6. The Middle East, 1914-1918
- 8. The Eastern Front, 1916-1917
- 9. The Italian Front, 1916
- 10. The Balkan Front, 1916-1917
- a. Greece
- b. Romania
- 11. The War at Sea, 1916-1917
- 12. The War in the Air, 1914-1918
- 13. The War in the Colonies, 1914-1918
- 14. Peace Negotiations, 1916-1917, and the Intervention of the United States, 1917
- 15. The Settlements in Eastern Europe, 1917-1918
- 16. The End of the Habsburg Monarchy
- 17. Operations in the West, 1918
- 18. The Peace Settlements
- a. The Treaty of Versailles
- b. The Treaty of Saint-Germain
- c. The Treaty of Neuilly
- d. The Treaty of Trianon
- e. The Treaty of Svres
- Military Summary
- The Western Front, 1914-1915
- The Eastern Front, 1914-1915
- The War at Sea, 1914-1915
- The Balkans, 1915-1916
- The Italian Front, 1914
- The Western Front, 1916-1917
- The Eastern Front, 1916-1917
- The Italian Front, 1916-1917
- The Balkan Front, 1916-1917
- The War at Sea, 1916-1918
- The Western Front, 1918
- C. Europe, 1919-1945
- 1. Economic and Social Changes
- 2. Intellectual and Religious Trends
- 3. Culture and Popular Culture
- 4. European Diplomacy and the Depression, 1919-1939
- 5. The British Isles
- a. Great Britain
- b. Ireland
- 6. The Low Countries
- a. Belgium
- b. The Netherlands
- 7. France
- 8. The Iberian Peninsula
- a. Spain
- b. Portugal
- 9. Italy and the Papacy
- 10. Switzerland
- 11. Germany
- 12. Austria
- 13. Czechoslovakia
- 14. Hungary
- 15. The Scandinavian States
- a. Overview
- b. Denmark
- c. Norway
- d. Sweden
- e. Finland
- f. Iceland
- 16. Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
- 17. The Baltic States
- a. Overview
- b. Lithuania
- c. Latvia
- d. Estonia
- 18. Poland
- 19. The Balkan States
- a. Yugoslavia
- b. Albania
- c. Greece
- d. Bulgaria
- e. Romania
- D. North America, 1915-1945
- 1. The United States
- 2. The Dominion of Canada
- 3. Newfoundland
- E. Latin America and the Caribbean, 1914-1945
- 1. Overview
- a. Regional Diplomacy
- b. Cultural Developments
- 2. South America
- a. Argentina
- b. Chile
- c. Paraguay
- d. Uruguay
- e. Bolivia
- f. Peru
- g. Ecuador
- h. Colombia
- i. Venezuela
- j. Brazil
- 3. Central America
- a. Overview
- b. Panama
- c. Guatemala
- d. El Salvador
- e. Nicaragua
- f. Costa Rica
- g. Honduras
- 4. Mexico
- 5. The West Indies
- a. Cuba
- b. Puerto Rico
- c. The Virgin Islands
- d. The Dominican Republic
- e. Haiti
- F. The Middle East and North Africa, 1914-1945
- 1. Overview
- 2. The Middle East
- a. The Ottoman Empire and Turkey
- b. Iran (Persia)
- c. Afghanistan
- d. Egypt
- e. Syria
- f. Lebanon
- g. Palestine
- h. Transjordan
- i. Iraq
- j. States of the Arabian Peninsula
- 3. North Africa
- a. Morocco
- b. Algeria
- c. Tunisia
- d. Libya
- G. South and Southeast Asia, 1914-1945
- 1. India
- 2. Southeast Asia
- a. Mainland Southeast Asia
- b. Peninsular and Island Southeast Asia
- H. East Asia, 1902-1945
- 1. Overview
- 2. China, 1914-1945
- 3. Mongolian People s Republic, 1911-1926
- 4. Korea, 1910-1945
- 5. Japan, 1914-1945
- 6. Vietnam, 1902-1945
- I. The Pacific Region, 1914-1945
- 1. The Pacific Islands
- 2. The Philippines
- 3. Australia
- 4. New Zealand
- J. Africa, 1914-1945
- 1. Overview
- 2. Regions
- a. Sudanic West and Central Africa
- b. Forest West Africa
- c. Northeast Africa (Horn)
- d. East Africa
- e. West Central Africa
- f. Southern Africa
- g. Madagascar
- K. World War II, 1939-1945
- 1. The Campaigns in Poland and Finland, 1939-1940
- 2. The Invasion of Denmark and Norway, 1940
- 3. The Conquest of the Low Countries and the Fall of France, 1940
- 4. The Battle of Britain, 1940
- 5. The Balkan Campaigns, 1940-1941
- 6. The Campaigns in the Soviet Union, 1941-1944
- 7. Defense of the Western Hemisphere, 1939-1945
- 8. Naval Warfare and Blockade, 1939-1944
- 9. The Campaigns in the Middle East and Africa, 1939-1943
- 10. The Invasion of Italy, 1943-1944
- 11. The Liberation of France and Belgium, 1944
- 12. The Battle of Germany, 1945
- 13. The War in Asia, 1939-1941
- 14. The War in the Pacific, 1941-1945
- 15. The Organization of Peace
- VII. The Contemporary Period, 1945 - 2000
- A. General and Comparative Dimensions
- 1. Changing Global Patterns
- a. Changing Structures of Global Power
- b. Globalization of Material Life
- c. Globalization and Special Identities
- 2. International Relations
- a. Rise of the Cold War and End of Empires
- b. New Global Relationships
- B. Europe, 1945-2000
- 1. Economic and Social Changes
- 2. Religious and Philosophical Thought
- 3. Culture and Popular Culture
- 4. Science and Technology
- 5. Diplomatic Relations and European Pacts
- 6. Western Europe, 1945-2000
- a. Britain
- b. Ireland (Eire)
- c. The Low Countries
- d. France
- e. The Iberian Peninsula
- f. The Italian Region
- g. Switzerland
- h. Germany
- i. Austria
- j. The Scandinavian States
- 7. Eastern Europe, 1945-2000
- a. Poland
- b. Czech Republic and Slovakia (Czechoslovakia)
- c. Hungary
- d. Yugoslavia and Successor States
- e. Albania
- f. Greece
- g. Bulgaria
- h. Romania
- i. Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Successor States)
- C. North America, 1946-2000
- 1. The United States, 1946-2000
- 2. Canada, 1946-2000
- D. Latin America, 1945-2000
- 1. Overview
- a. Cultural Developments
- b. Regional Diplomacy
- 2. South America, 1945-2000
- a. Argentina
- b. Chile
- c. Paraguay
- d. Uruguay
- e. Bolivia
- f. Peru
- g. Ecuador
- h. Colombia
- i. Venezuela
- j. Brazil
- k. Surinam
- 3. Central America, 1945-2000
- a. Panama
- b. Guatemala
- c. El Salvador
- d. Nicaragua
- e. Costa Rica
- f. Honduras
- 4. Mexico, 1946-2000
- a. Cuba
- b. Puerto Rico
- c. The Dominican Republic
- d. Haiti
- e. British Caribbean Territories and Guyana (British Guiana)
- E. The Middle East and North Africa, 1945-2000
- 1. Overview
- 2. Military, Diplomatic, and Social Developments
- 3. The Middle East and Egypt, 1943-2000
- a. Turkey
- b. Cyprus
- c. Iran
- d. Afghanistan
- e. Syria
- f. Lebanon
- g. Palestine and Israel
- h. Jordan
- i. Iraq
- j. Saudi Arabia
- k. North and South Yemen
- 1. The Gulf States
- m. Egypt
- 4. North Africa, 1945-2000
- a. Morocco
- b. Algeria
- c. Tunisia
- d. Libya
- F. South and Southeast Asia, 1945-2000
- 1. South Asia, 1945-2000
- a. Overview
- b. British India, to Independence and Partition
- c. The Republic of India
- d. Pakistan
- e. Bangladesh
- f. Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
- g. Maldives
- h. Nepal
- 2. Southeast Asia, 1941-2000
- a. Overview
- b. Mainland Southeast Asia
- c. The Malay Archipelago and Peninsular Malaysia
- G. East Asia, 1945-2000
- 1. China, 1945-2000
- a. The Civil War
- b. The People s Republic of China (PRC)
- c. The Republic of China (Taiwan, Nationalist China)
- 2. The Republic of Mongolia (The Mongolian People s Republic), 1945-2000
- 3. Korea (North and South), 1945-2000
- 4. Japan, 1946-2000
- 5. Vietnam, 1945-2000
- H. The Pacific Region, 1944-2000
- 1. The Islands, 1946-2000
- 2. The Philippines, 1945-2000
- 3. Australia, 1944-2000
- 4. New Zealand, 1945-2000
- I. Africa, 1941-2000
- 1. Overview
- 2. Regions
- a. West Africa
- b. Northeast Africa (Horn)
- c. East Africa
- d. West Central Africa
- e. Southern Africa
- f. Madagascar
- I. Roman Emperors
- II. Byzantine Emperors
- III. Caliphs, to 1256
- IV. Roman Popes
- V. Presidents of the United States
- VI. Members of the United Nations in Order of Admission
- Subject Index
- Aachen --- Addis Ababa
- Addled Parliament, England --- Akko
- Akmola --- Allenstein, Germany
- Allersheim, battle of --- Andreotti, Giulio, Italian leader
- Andrs Rodrguez, Paraguayan leader --- Arabian Peninsula
- Arabian Sea --- Asherah
- Ashida Hitoshi, Japanese leader --- Azerbaijani Popular Front
- Azeris --- Banque Royale, France
- Banqueting Hall, Whitehall --- Bay Islands
- Bayle, Pierre, French historian --- Bezabde
- Bziers --- Bonaparte, Pierre
- Bonapartists, France --- British Navigation Acts
- British North America --- Cabral, Pedro Alvares, Portuguese explorer
- Cabrera, Manuel Estrada, Guatemalan leader --- Carloman, son of Charles the Bald
- Carlos I, king of Portugal --- Chahar, Chinese province
- Chaillu, Paul du, explorer --- Chikunda
- Childe, Vere Gordon, archaeologist --- Clement VII, pope
- Clement VIII, pope --- Confdration Gnrale des Travailleurs Tunisiens
- Confderation Gnrale du Travail, CGT --- cotton
- Cotton Control Act, U.S. --- Dalian
- Dalin, Olof, writer --- Democritus, Greek philosopher
- demographics, demography --- Doorn Kop, battle of
- Dorchester, England --- Eck, Johann, German theologian
- Eckardt, Tibor, Hungarian leader --- Eran
- Era of Good Feeling --- Farm Credit Administration and Act, U.S.
- Farmer s Party, Sweden --- Focke, Heinrich, inventor
- Focsani --- French Sudan
- French Union --- General German Workers Association, ADAV
- General Intendant of the Court and Kingdom Police, Portugal --- Gomulka, Wladyslaw, Polish leader
- Gonatas, Stylianos, Greek leader --- Grner, Wilhelm von, German commander
- Groningen --- Hakuseki, Arai, Japanese scholar
- Halberstadt, German plane --- Heimwehr, Austria
- Heine, Heinrich, poet --- Hoche, Louis Lazare, French general
- Hochhuth, Rolf, writer --- Hungarian Democratic Forum
- Hungarian Democratic Union, Romania --- Indian Socialist Party
- Indian Territory --- Ismailiyya
- Ismail Mazhar, scholar --- Jin dynasty
- Jingdezhen, imperial Chinese kiln --- Kaledin, Alexis, Cossack hetman
- Kalelkar, Kaka, Indian leader --- Khadija bint Khuwaylid, wife of Muhammad ibn Abdallah
- Khafre, king of Egypt --- Kolubara, battle of
- Komagatu Maru, ship --- Ladislas V Posthumus, king of Hungary and Bohemia
- Ladislas of Transylvania --- Lazarites
- Lazica, Colchis --- Liberals, Prussia
- Liberals, Spain --- Louis VI, the Fat
- Louis VII, the Young --- Mactan
- Macta River, Battle of the --- Manoel (Manuel) II, king of Portugal
- Manolov, Emmanuil, composer --- Massey, Vincent, Canadian diplomat and leader
- Massey, William F., New Zealand leader --- Melo, Jos Mara, Latin American leader
- Melos --- Minamoto Noriyori
- Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese leader --- Monza
- Monzaemon, Chikamatsu, Japanese playwright --- Mulla Husayn Kashefi, Iranian writer
- Mulla Muhammad Amin Astarabadi, Iranian religious leader --- Naram-Sin, king of Assyria
- Naram-Sin, king of Babylon --- National Union Party, Costa Rica
- National Union Party, Portugal --- Ney, Michel, duke d Elchingen and prince de La Moskova
- Nezib --- Novgorod
- Novi, battle of --- Orang Suku Bulang
- Oranyon, of Benin --- Pakistan
- Pakistan Day --- Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
- Patriot Party, Holland --- Pertini, Alessandro, Italian leader
- Peru --- Pisa
- Pisano, Vittorio, Venetian commander --- Poujadists
- Poulenc, Francis, composer --- Pyrrhic victory
- Pyrrhic War --- Rassemblement Walloon, Belgium
- Ras Shamra --- Richard, duke of York
- Richard I, Coeur de Lion --- Roxana, mother of Alexander IV, king of Macedonia
- Roxane, Bactrian princess --- St. Menehould
- St. Mihiel --- So Vicente
- Sapienza, battle of --- secularization
- Secularization Campaign --- Sharki dynasty
- Sharma, Shanksar Dayal, Indian leader --- Sinking Fund Act, England
- Sinminhoe, Korea --- Son Ngoc Thanh, Cambodian leader
- Sonnino, Sidney --- Stephens, Alexander H., Confederate leader
- Stephens, James, Fenian leader --- Sus
- Susa --- Taormina
- Tao Yuanming, Chinese author --- Thessaly
- Theutberga, wife of Lothair II --- Torralba
- Torre, Miguel de la, Venezuelan leader --- Tungasuca
- Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong leader --- United National Independence Party, UNIP
- United National Party, UNP --- Vegilharxhi, Naum, Albanian leader
- Veii --- Vranitzky, Franz, Austrian leader
- Vranje --- West, U.S.
- West Africa --- World Trade Organization, WTO
- World War I --- Young Hegelians
- Young Ireland Movement --- Zulus
The Usborne Internet-Linked Encyclopedia of World History
ISBN: 0794503322
EAN: 2147483647
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 874
Pages: 874
Authors: Jane Bingham