3. The Voyages of Columbus, 1492-1504

IV. The Early Modern Period, 1500–1800> G. Africa, 1500–1800> 2. Regions> g. Madagascar

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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.

(See 1400–1500)

g. Madagascar
1500
Four Swahili-speaking trading communities had been established in the north, exporting rice and slaves to East Africa and Arabia.	1
1550
End of immigration of main components of Malagasy population. Aristocratic Zafikasimambo emerged among the Antemoro, recent immigrants, in the east at Matitana. This priestly caste monopolized the privilege of slaughtering domestic animals, reduced freedoms accorded common people, and centralized power to create the first strong Antemoro kingdom. The Portuguese became the most active slave buyers in the northwest trading communities. They also traded for cattle, ambergris, and raffia cloth.	2
1600
Many small independent chiefdoms were scattered across the island.	3
1600–1700
There was increasing contact with Europeans; the focus of the slave trade shifted from East Africa and Arabia to the Cape of Good Hope and the New World. However, the Portuguese took fewer slaves than the Africans and Arabs did. The Comoro Islands became the collection point for Madagascar's trade to East Africa and Arabia. The Dutch and English also began trading in Madagascar.	4
1600–1800
English were the most active traders of slaves to the New World from the island.	5
1643–74
French established fort in the southeast.	6
1645
English Puritans established short-lived colony at St. Augustine Bay.	7
1647–74
Carmelite mission started in Madagascar. Lazerites and Capuchins also participated.	8
1690
Tsimanatona established Iboina state with Sakalava warriors.	9
1700
By this time much of the west was under the Sakalava Empire and there were kingdoms in the highlands and in the south.	10
1721
French annexed Mauritius, renaming it Île de France.	11

The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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