6. Western Europe, 1945-2000

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Subject Index
 
Page 64
 
 
Ras Shamra
See Ugarit.
Ras Tafari
See Haile Selassie I (Ras Tafari), emperor of Ethiopia.
Rastatt
659, 659, 722, 1009.
Rastislav, prince of Moravia
483, 483, 483.
Ratana, Tahupotiki Wiremu, Maori prophet
2551.
Ratana Church, New Zealand
2551.
Ratana Party
2551.
Ratchaburi, Thailand
4063.
Rathenau, Walther, German leader
1977.
Ratisbon, treaty of, Regensburg
719.
Ratsiraka, Didier, Madagascan leader
4492, 4492, 4492.
Ratu Seru Cakobau, Fijian leader
1477.
Ratushinskaya, Irina, poet
3301.
Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal, Church leader
2964.
Ravahiny, queen of Iboina
893.
Ravaillac, François, assassin
599.
Ravenna
266, 269, 270, 406, 406, 406, 408, 408, 408, 408, 410, 428, 431, 432, 458, 473, 597, 607.
Rawalpindi
2346, 3995.
Rawlings, Jerry, Ghanaian leader
4344, 4344, 4344.
Rawwadids
300.
Ray, John, botanist
641.
Ray, Satyajit, film director
1707.
Rayleigh, 3rd baron, John W. Strutt, physicist
1149.
Raymond, count of Toulouse
479, 505, 505.
Raymond IV, count of Toulouse
451.
Raymond of Antioch
502, 502.
Rayy
287, 292, 297, 300, 300, 301.
Razan, Hayashi, Japanese scholar
859.
Razin, Stephen, Don Cossack leader
784.
razors
986.
RCA, Radio Corporation of America
1736.
Reading, lord, Rufus Daniels Isaacs, viceroy of India
2435.
Reagan, Ronald, U.S. president
2678, 2682, 2683, 2684, 3390, 3390, 3426, 3427, 3427, 3427, 3428, 3428, 3644, 3644, 3668, 3679, 3679, 3680, 3682, 3742, 3748, 3748, 3764, 4211, 4241.
Reaganomics
3390, 3390, 3427.
Realejo
911.
realism
1146, 1146, 1247, 1252, 1258; in literature, 1600.
reaper
987, 1576.
rearmament
2018; Sweden, 2049; Russia, 2074; Bulgaria, 2170; U.S., 2208, 2209, 2212; Germany, 2714, 2992.
Reate
251.
Rebellion Losses Bill, Canada
1628, 1629.
Rebellion of the Three Feudatories
852.
rebellions
See revolutions.
Rebel United Front, RUF
2698, 4360.
Recabarren, Luis Emilio, Latin American leader
1664.
Reccared, Visigoth king
418.
Recife
914, 915, 916.
Reciprocal Tariff Act, U.S.
2204.
reciprocal trade agreement, U.S.
2231.
reciprocity agreement
1639.
Recknitz River
416.
Recollect (Recollet) friars, religious order
867, 921.
Reconquest, Reconquista
281, 869; in Spain, 281, 420, 475, 476, 476, 476, 476, 476, 476, 477, 479, 525, 525, 525, 525; in Portugal, 480.
Reconstruction, U.S.
1563, 1563, 1563, 1591, 1594, 1596, 1598, 1598.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, U.S.
2200, 2214.
Recovery Act of 1933, U.S.
2203.
Recruit Company
4241.
recruitment
2554.
Rectification Campaign, China
2483.
recusancy laws, England
589.
Red Army, China
4156, 4161.
Red Army, Russia
2012, 2021, 2035, 2067, 2084, 2101, 2126, 3007.
Red Brigade, Italy
2943.
Red Crescent Society
See International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Red Cross Society
See International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Reddy, Neelim Sanjiva
3974, 3976.
Red Eyebrows, Chinese rebel band
155.
Red Guards, China
4156, 4156, 4157, 4157, 4158, 4158, 4159.
Red Guards, Russia
2065.
Red Hand, Tunisia
3940.
Redi, Francesco, scientist
642.
Redistribution Bill, Canada
2224.
Redistribution Bill, England
1162.
Red Line Agreement
1717.
Redmond, John E., Irish leader
1170, 1860.
Red River, Tonkin
397, 397, 398, 1473, 1474, 1474, 1623, 2524.
Red River Rebellion, Canada
1630.
Red Russia
667.
Reds, Polish nationalists
1268.
Red scare of 1919–20
1703.
Red Sea
43, 45, 48, 51, 89, 90, 92, 96, 104, 218, 281, 317, 337, 343, 346, 346, 351, 351, 360, 505, 795, 840, 841, 869, 880, 956, 1219, 1220, 1225, 1366, 1369, 1370, 1506, 1509, 1523, 1835, 2676.
Red Sea Coast
360.
Red Square
3275, 3300.
Red Summer of 1919
2190.
Reeb, James J., civil rights activist
3411.
Rees
652.
Reeves, Paul, New Zealand leader
4317.
Reeves, William Pember, New Zealand leader
1504.
Reformation
513, 514, 532, 532, 580, 584, 586, 594, 604, 609, 609, 609, 609, 609, 613, 614, 615, 615, 616, 616, 628, 632, 633; England, 586, 589; Switzerland, 625, 625, 625, 625.
Reformation Parliament, England
586.
Reform Bills, England
1047, 1047, 1051, 1157, 1159, 1159, 1162.
Reformed Church, Calvinists
597.
Reformers' Government, Denmark
1253.
reformism
1223, 1223.
Reform Party, Korea
1431.
Reform Party, New Zealand
1505, 2551.
Reform Party, PR
3740.
Reform Society of Frankfurt
1072.
Reformverein, Reform Union
1232.
refrigerating devices
986, 987.
Refugee Commission
1345.
Refugee Law, Ottoman Empire
1334.
Rega, José Lopez, Argentine leader
3491.
Regalado, Tomás, Latin American leader
1682.
Regency Council, Tuscany
744.
Regeneración, Colombia
2267.
Regenerators, Portugal
1207.
Regensburg, Ratisbon
505, 619, 620, 653, 719.
Reggio
1224.
Regie, French system of taxation
755.
Regina v. Druitt, England
1160.
Regional Confederation of Mexican Labor, CROM
2295, 2298.
Regional Development Bank
3759.
regional institutions
1699, 1699.
Regis, John Baptiste, French geographer in China
854.
Reglamento Constitucional, Chile
1648.
Reglamento Provisorio
1647.
Regulating Act, British India
835, 835.
Regulation for Public Education, Ottoman Empire
1339.
Regulus, Marcus Atilius, Roman general
230, 230.
Rehe, Jehol
853, 2473, 2474, 2513.
Rehoboam, king of Israel
104, 105.
Rehovot
2391.
Reichenbach
753, 1030.
Reichsbank
1713, 1823, 1991, 1992.
Reichschancellery
2621.
Reichsdeputations-hauptschluss
1017.
Reichskammergericht, Germany
613.
Reichsrat, Austria
1238, 1239, 1239, 1241.
Reichsrat, Denmark
548.
Reichsrat, Germany
1974, 1986, 1986, 1997.
Reichstadt Agreement
1106, 1107.
Reichstag, Austria
1090.
Reichstag, Germany
459, 972, 1103, 1123, 1234, 1235, 1235, 1237, 1237, 1237, 1237, 1703, 1713, 1974, 1975, 1979, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1983, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1992; fire, 1986.
Reid, George H., Australian leader
1497, 1497, 1497, 1498.
Reid, Robert Gillespie, Canadian financier
1641.
Reign of Terror, France
1005, 1006, 1007, 1035, 1035.
Reims
404, 409, 414, 449, 515, 522, 524, 1003, 1789, 1791, 1812, 2621, 2758, 2982; cathedral, 452.
Reina, Carlos Roberto, Honduran leader
3699, 3699.
Reina Barrios, José María, Latin American leader
1681.
Reinsurance Treaty, Germany and Russia
1114, 1116, 1117, 1235, 1235, 1236.
Reis, Philip, physicist
990.
Reischauer, Edwin O., U.S. diplomat
4235.
Reis Haydar
See Nigari, Ottoman artist.
Rejaf
1525.
Rej of Naglowice, Nicholas, Polish poet
633.
Relander, Lauri, Finnish leader
2055.
relative dating
4.
relativity theories
1149.
Relief Act, Ireland
701.
religion
77, 78, 78, 78, 79, 80, 80, 80, 83, 88, 90, 90, 91, 93, 101, 104, 105, 112, 121, 126, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 130, 130, 130, 131, 131, 131, 133, 133, 134, 134, 134, 135, 138, 141, 156, 156, 158, 158, 158, 158, 160, 160, 161, 161, 162, 165, 166, 171, 173, 175, 176, 182, 208, 222, 223, 225, 248, 250, 253, 262, 268, 268, 268, 271, 271, 276, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 597, 635, 759, 1701, 1701, 1815, 1986, 2644, 2644, 2701; prehistoric, 46, 56, 57, 59; postclassical period, 279, 283; China, 370, 370, 370, 373, 375, 854, 854, 1415; Korea, 378, 856, 856, 1429, 1429; Japan, 393, 858, 859, 1437, 1438, 1448, 1450; Scandinavia, 426, 1247; Bulgaria, 440, 1299; Western Europe, 443, 443; Germany, 544, 615, 615, 1235, 1235, 1237; Slavic countries, 563; Americas, 570, 910, 912, 913, 918; Mayas, 570, 570; Incas, 570; 1500–1800, 579, 580, 580, 580, 580, 584, 584; England, 586, 586, 587, 588, 589, 589, 592, 674, 683, 692; Scotland, 591; Low Countries, 595; France, 598, 599, 599, 738, 1059, 1192, 1195, 1196, 1197; Spain, 601, 602, 1204, 1204, 1925, 1929; 16th century, 615; Thirty Years' War, 619, 621; Switzerland, 625, 1070, 1226, 1228, 1228; Sweden, 628, 764; Poland and Lithuania, 632; during Enlightenment, 645; 17th and 18th centuries, 646; Italy, 742, 1219; Prussia, 754; Austria, 757, 1239, 1243; Holy Roman Empire, 757; Hungary, 759; Denmark, 771, 1253; Norway, 772; Iceland, 774; Poland, 776, 776, 778; Russia, 783, 783, 784, 786, 789, 1260, 2066, 3301; Middle East, 791, 791, 2317; Ottoman Empire, 801, 803; Iran, 812, 812, 812, 815, 816, 817, 817, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1350, 3817, 3817; Morocco, 823, 1376; North Africa, 829, 2317; India, 832, 832, 2438, 3951; Southeast Asia, 837, 839; Vietnam, 863; Philippines, 868, 1480, 1480, 1481; Africa, 871, 884, 886, 887, 1506, 1535, 1535, 1535, 1536, 1536, 1536, 1545, 1547, 1547, 1548, 1550, 1562, 2554, 2571, 2572; New England, 926, 928, 933, 934; 1800–1914, 1035, 1143, 1143, 1146; Netherlands, 1053; Portugal, 1064, 1064, 1207, 1208, 1208; Central Europe, 1105; Great Britain, 1159; Ireland, 1164; Belgium, 1171; Finland, 1254; Serbia, 1284; Romania, 1314, 3254; Albania, 1325, 3202, 3202, 3202, 3203, 3203, 3204; Egypt, 1372, 3901; Algeria, 1384; Libya, 1392; Burma, 1404, 1404; Malaya, 1411; Java, 1414; Maoris, 1500; New Zealand, 1500; U.S., 1565, 1604, 3408; Canada, 1629; Latin America, 1643; 19th-century thought, 1815; 20th-century thought, 1815; Turkey, 2326, 2331, 3790, 3790, 3802; Mongolia, 2487; revivalism, 2637; fundamentalism, 2644; postwar, 2701; Yugoslavia, 3174; South Yemen, 3894; North Yemen, 3894; Indonesia, 4136, 4136.
Remagen
2621.
Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch artist
596.
Remigius, archbishop of Rheims
407.
Remington Company, typewriter
990.
Remón Cantera, José A., Panamanian leader
3638, 3638.
Renaissance
406, 408, 511, 513, 526, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 537, 539, 561, 569, 580, 596, 597, 600, 604, 607, 609, 609, 609, 612, 612, 613, 633, 637, 637, 638, 643.
Renaissance of Benin Party
4329.
Renan, Ernest, historian
1143.
Renard, C., inventor
1736.
Renault
2838, 2874.
Rendova Island
2629.
René, claimant to throne of Naples
533.
René II, duke of Lorraine
533.
Renison, Patrick, Guianese leader
3756.
Rennenkampf, Paul, Russian commander
1739, 1739.
Renner, Karl, Austrian leader
1997, 1999, 3028, 3028, 3030.
Renny, Buddhist leader
396.
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, artist
1146.
Rentenbank
1978.
Rentenmark, post-WWI currency
1978.
Renzong, Chinese emperor
1415.
reparations
1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1814, 1818, 1818, 1819, 1819, 1819, 1819, 1819, 1821, 1821, 1828, 1887, 1901, 1901, 1904, 2165, 2166, 2199, 2926, 2982, 2983, 2984, 3072; German, 1698; WWI, 1700, 1708, 1710, 1710, 1713, 1718, 1975, 1976, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1986; and WWI debt, 1719, 1720, 1720, 1722; Germany, 1721; France, 1907; Turkey, 2325; Iran, 2334; WWII, 2634, 3096, 3142, 3235, 3858, 4214, 4224, 4225, 4226, 4231.
Repeal Association, Ireland
1051, 1051.
Representation of Peoples Act
1839.
Republic, by Plato
186.
República de Españoles
912.
República de Indios
912.
Republican Democratic Union, URD
3601.
Republican Party, PR
3642.
Republican Party, Armenia
3309.
Republican Party, Portugal
1935.
Republican Party, Spain
1924, 1925, 1925, 1932.
Republican (Colorado) Party, Paraguay
1665.
Republican Party, Azat, Kazakhstan
3333.
Republican Peasants Nation Party, Turkey
3794.
Republican People's Party, RPP
3788, 3799.
Republican People's Party, Turkey
2325.
Republicans, France
1081, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1181, 1185, 1191, 1193, 1194, 1195.
Republicans, Portugal
1207.
Republicans, Spain
1202.
Republicans, Spanish Civil War
1725.
Republicans, U.S.
1563, 1563, 1565, 1569, 1582, 1584, 1589, 1592, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1598, 1602, 1602, 1609, 1617, 1618, 1619, 2207, 3390, 3390, 3423, 3432, 3432, 3433, 3645. See Democratic-Republicans, U.S..
Republican Socialist Union Party, Bolivia
3537.
Republican Society, Ireland
1864, 1864, 1864, 1870, 1870, 1870, 1872, 1872.
República Oriental, Uruguay
1667.
Republic Day, India
3956.
Republic of Ireland Bill
2805.
Republic of the United Provinces
See Dutch Republic; Netherlands.
republics
957, 957; 1800–1914, 957.
Republic Steel Corporation
2206.
Resaca de la Palma
1578.
Resaina
272, 275.
reservations, Indian
1593.
Reserve Bank, New Zealand
2552.
Reserve Force, Transjordan
2397.
Res Gestae
260.
Resheph, Apollo
108.
Reshid Pasha, Mustafa Mehmet, Turkish soldier and leader
1274, 1331.
Resident Natives Ordinance, Kenya
2565.
Restoration
594, 1058.
Restrepo, Carlos, Latin American leader
1674, 1674.
Resumption Act, U.S.
1595.
Resurgence Party, Iran
3818.
Resurrection City
3415.
Rethel
521.
Retief, Piet, Boer leader
1551, 1551.
Reubell, French leader
1009.
Reuenthal, Neidhart von, poet
459.
Réunion, Island of
2419.
Reuss River
540.
Reuter, Julius de
1351, 1351, 1351.
Reuter, Ernst, German leader
2985.
Reval
628, 1774, 2104, 2597.
Revensberg
754.
revisionism
1237.
Revolutionary Alliance, China
1424, 1426.
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, FARC
3577, 3580, 3581, 3581, 3584, 3587, 3589, 3591, 3591, 3592, 3593.
Revolutionary Command Council, RCC
3904.
Revolutionary Command Council, Libya
3947.
Revolutionary Council, Burma
4055, 4059.
Revolutionary Democratic Party, Panama
3646.
Revolutionary Governing Council, Hungary
2023.
Revolutionary Guards, Pasdaran
3821.
Revolutionary Islamic Council, Iran
3821.
Revolutionary Junta of the Homeless, Chile
3511.
Revolutionary Movement of the People, U.S.-Cuban group
3717.
Revolutionary Social Democrats, Bulgaria
1304.
Revolutionary Socialists, Netherlands
1896.
Revolutionary United Front, RUF
4326, 4328, 4359, 4383, 4383, 4385, 4385, 4385.
Revolutionary War
See American Revolution.
Revolution of 1688, England
653.
Revolution of 1747, Holland
704.
Revolution of 1820, Spain
1062.
Revolution of 1830, France
957, 1060.
Revolution of 1848, France
957, 999, 1081, 1081, 1081, 1087, 1095, 1096.
Revolution of 1849
999.
Revolution of 1919, Egypt
1372, 1374.
revolutions
579, 584; 16th century, 793, 795, 796, 899; 16th and 17th centuries, 799, 799; 17th century, 784, 799, 799, 799, 800, 803, 834, 852, 860, 867, 937, 937; 18th century, 789, 805, 807, 808, 809, 849, 867, 868, 871, 871, 871, 891, 913, 913, 913, 913, 913, 916, 999, 999; 19th century, 811, 957, 962, 999, 1034, 1053, 1059, 1060, 1060, 1060, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1062, 1062, 1062, 1064, 1066, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1072, 1081, 1081, 1089, 1106, 1122, 1143, 1188, 1188, 1199, 1199, 1247, 1257, 1260, 1267, 1268, 1268, 1272, 1272, 1279, 1284, 1284, 1288, 1296, 1298, 1311, 1311, 1337, 1362, 1367, 1372, 1372, 1375, 1375, 1381, 1382, 1382, 1383, 1383, 1385, 1390, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1409, 1412, 1417, 1417, 1429, 1437, 1452, 1453, 1480, 1490, 1562, 1575; 1800–1914, 957, 957, 965, 967, 977, 977, 1045; 20th century, 955, 955, 957, 1263, 1263, 1263, 1269, 1280, 1318, 1364, 1378, 1425.
Rewinski, Janusz, Polish leader
3116.
Rexists, Belgian Fascists
1889, 1891.
Reyes, Rafael, Latin American leader
1674.
Reyes, Victor Román, Nicaraguan leader
3675.
Reyes y Balmaceda, Diego de los, Spanish leader
913.
Reykjavík
775, 1077, 1077.
Reymont, Wladyslaw S., writer
2119.
Reynaud, Paul
1916.
Reynier, Jean Louis, French soldier
1030.
Reynolds, Albert, Irish leader
2812, 2812, 2813, 2813, 2814.
Rezanov, Nikolai, Russian envoy
1437.
Rezin, king of Damascus
106.
Rezon, king of Aram
106.
Rezzonico, Carlo
See Clement XIII, pope.
Rhagae
120.
Rhandeia
248.
Rhee, Syngman, Yi Sng-man
1433, 1706, 2488, 2489, 2489, 4189, 4190, 4192, 4192, 4193, 4194, 4194, 4196, 4197, 4197, 4199, 4200, 4200, 4201, 4201.
Rheggio
500.
Rhegium
182, 184, 190, 194, 196, 200, 227.
Rheims
See Reims.
Rhenish-Westphalian Association of Deaconesses
1071.
Rhine
1009, 1710, 1782, 1784, 1784, 2621, 2976; count palatinate of, 459, 541.
Rhineland
412, 459, 459, 505, 507, 513, 540, 649, 1101, 1102, 1699, 1718, 1725, 1784, 1817, 1822, 1824, 1833, 1889, 1909, 1912, 1953, 1979, 1982, 1990; Republic, 1973, 1978.
Rhineland Mutual Security Pact
1714.
Rhine League
541.
Rhine River
46, 239, 240, 243, 243, 244, 251, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 257, 257, 402, 403, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 407, 411, 411, 412, 415, 415, 425, 453, 455, 548, 620, 650, 652, 652, 656, 657, 661, 663, 1006, 1009, 1011, 1016, 1017, 1026, 1030, 1031, 1102, 2597, 2703.
Rhode Island
928, 928, 928, 933, 934, 934, 943, 952, 961, 1575, 1577.
Rhodes
168, 171, 184, 186, 199, 203, 203, 209, 211, 211, 213, 214, 214, 218, 233, 233, 233, 243, 289, 430, 509, 564, 792, 1136, 1225, 1788, 1817, 2144, 2967; siege of, 314.
Rhodes, Alexandre de, missionary in Vietnam
863.
Rhodes, Cecil John, British leader in South Africa
1547, 1547, 1553, 1555, 1556, 1556, 1556, 1556, 1557.
Rhodesia
1506, 1546, 1548, 1556, 2229, 2662, 2663, 2673, 2676, 2781, 4455, 4458, 4462, 4462, 4466, 4467; WWI, 1768; Southern Rhodesia, 2554, 2572, 2572, 2572, 2572, 2572, 2636, 2638, 4408, 4455, 4456, 4466, 4466, 4466, 4466, 4466, 4466, 4466, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467; Northern Rhodesia, 2572, 2572, 2573, 4408, 4455, 4455, 4455, 4455, 4455, 4456, 4465; and Nyasaland, 2652, 2661. See Zambia; c6p00530c6p04634c6p04763c6p04764c6p04765c6p04766c6p04767c7p00013c7p00031c7p08728c7p08983c7p08990c7p09050c7p09051c7p09052c7p09053c7p09054c7p09055c7p09056c7p09057c7p09058c7p09059c7p09060c7p09061c7p09062c7p09063c7p09064c6p04769c6p04772c6p04773c7p08727c7p08977c7p08979c7p08981c7p08983c7p08986c7p08988c7p09038See alsoZambia.
Rhodesian Front
4466, 4467.
Rhodesian University College
4455.
Rhondda, Lady
1841.
Rhône River
403, 411, 418, 425, 453, 530, 530, 659, 2619.
Riade
416.
Riarios, nephews of Sixtus IV
532, 532, 535, 536.
Riart, Luis, Paraguayan leader
2248.
Riau (Riau-Lingga) Archipelago
329, 837, 837, 837.
Riazan
629.
Ribaut, Jean, French colonizer
905, 920.
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, Nazi leader
1835, 1837, 1991.
Ribeiro, João, rebel
606.
Ribeiro, Manoel, Brazilian leader
3627.
Ribera, José, artist
604.
Ribichich, Mitja, Yugoslavian leader
3173.
Ribot, Alexandre, French leader
1755, 1771.
Ricardo, David, economist
1035, 1035, 1046, 1048.
Ricasoli, Bettino
1214.
Ricci, Matteo, Jesuit in China
851.
Richard, duke of Gloucester
See Richard III, king of England.
Richard, duke of York
515, 515, 515, 519.
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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The Encyclopedia of World History
The Usborne Internet-Linked Encyclopedia of World History
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Year: 2002
Pages: 874
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