- Poulenc, Francis, composer
- 1903.
- Poulo Condore Island
- 2524.
- Poulsen, Valdemar, inventor
- 990.
- Poutrincourt, Jean be Biencourt de, French explorer
- 920.
- Po Valley
- 2621.
- Poveda Burbano, Alfredo, Ecuadorian leader
- 3569.
- Poverty Point, Louisiana
- 64.
- Powder River
- 1592.
- Powell, John W., U.S. geologist
- 1599.
- Powell, Vasasor, English rebel
- 674.
- Powers, Francis Gary, U.S. pilot
- 3274, 3276.
- Powhatan, American Indian leader
- 925.
- Powys, duke of, William Herbert, in Popish Plot
- 676.
- Poyarkhov, Vassily, Russian explorer
- 852.
- Poyning's law
- See Statute of Drogheda.
- Pozharsky, Dmitri, Russian patriot
- 630.
- Poznania
- See Posen (Poznan, Poznán, Poznania).
- Pozsgay, Imre, Hungarian leader
- 3153, 3155, 3157.
- Pozsony
- 757.
- Prada, Manuel González, Peruvian educator
- 2259.
- Prado, Mariano I., Latin American leader
- 1670.
- Prado Museum, Madrid
- 724, 2899.
- Prado Ugarteche, Manuel, Peruvian leader
- 3552, 3552.
- Praenestae
- 227, 229.
- praetorian guard
- 243, 248, 249, 251, 251, 253, 254, 255, 257, 261.
- Praetor's Edict
- 253.
- Pragmatic Sanction
- 406, 597, 659, 659, 660, 660, 662, 758; of 1720, 634.
- Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, France
- 523, 523, 531.
- Pragmatic Sanction of Mainz
- 531, 542.
- pragmatism
- 1144.
- Prague
- 483, 483, 484, 541, 544, 544, 548, 617, 620, 620, 635, 660, 660, 662, 1073, 1089, 1089, 1089, 1090, 1835, 1835, 2015, 2020, 2020, 2021, 2021, 2665, 2709, 2717, 2757, 2996, 3120, 3126, 3128, 3128, 3128, 3128, 3129, 3129, 3139, 3140, 3265; defenestration of, 617, 634; congress of 1813, 1030; treaty of, 1102.
- Prague, University of
- 544.
- Praguerie, France
- 523.
- Prajn¯aparamita, Perfect Wisdom
- 130.
- Prarthana Samaj, Hindu reform movement
- 1397.
- Prasad, Rajendra, Indian leader
- 3957, 3959, 3962.
- Prasenajit, king of Kosala
- 129.
- Prater, battle of
- 1090.
- Pratimoksa
- 129.
- Pratishthana, Paithan
- 132, 133.
- Prato
- 2933.
- Prayer Book
- 1845.
- Pre-Dorset people
- 33.
- Pre-emption–Distribution Act, U.S.
- 1576.
- Pre-Hellenic peoples
- 170.
- prehistory
- 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 14, 15, 15, 18, 41, 43, 48, 50, 52, 61, 61.
- preindustrial civilizations
- 14, 53.
- Prei Veng
- 135.
- Prempeh, Asante leader
- 1517.
- Premyslid dynasty
- 483, 483, 485, 540, 544.
- Preobrazhenskiy Treaty
- 780.
- Pre-Romanesque style
- 479.
- Presbyterians
- 591, 593, 593, 593, 593, 593, 676, 679, 1051, 1866; England, 588; Scotland, 591, 1846; English Civil War, 593; Ireland, 701, 701, 1164, 1168, 1168; Africa, 878, 1514; U.S., 1563.
- Presidential Succession Law, U.S.
- 1602.
- Presidium, Russia
- 2076, 3266.
- Preslav
- 437, 440, 440, 441.
- Presley, Elvis, singer
- 3401.
- press
- 935; France, 1005, 1009, 1009, 1033, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1178, 1180, 1183; Great Britain, 1048, 1049, 1162; Belgium, 1053; Switzerland, 1070, 1094; Prussia, 1096; 1800–1914, 1146; Russia, 1259; Middle East, 1332, 1334, 1335, 1336; Iran, 1350, 1350; Afghanistan, 1355, 1357; Egypt, 1367, 1371, 1372, 1374, 1374; Tunisia, 1389, 1390, 1391; Libya, 1393, 1393, 1393; India, 1394, 1397; Korea, 1436; Japan, 1453; Africa, 1556; U.S., 1570, 1574, 1574, 1580, 1600, 1610.
- Pressburg, Bratislava
- 634, 758, 1023, 1087, 1087.
- Prestel system
- 2704.
- Prester John, legendary Christian king in East Africa
- 869.
- Prestes, Júlio, president
- 2271.
- Prestes, Luis Carlos, Brazilian leader
- 2271, 2273.
- Prestes Column
- 2271.
- Preston, battle of
- 593, 684.
- Preston, Thomas, British commander
- 943.
- Pretoria
- 1555, 2578.
- Pretorius, Andreas, Boer leader
- 1551, 1551, 1555.
- Preval, René, Haitian leader
- 3755, 3755.
- Preveza, battle of
- 793.
- Price Control Act, U.S.
- 2212.
- Pride, Thomas, English commander
- 593, 673.
- Pride's Purge, England
- 593, 673.
- Priene
- 175.
- Priestley, J. B., writer
- 1839.
- Priestley, Joseph, scientist
- 647.
- Prieto, Indalecio, Spanish leader
- 1930.
- Prieto, Joaquín, Latin American leader
- 1662, 1662.
- Prilep
- 1797.
- Primakov, Yevgeny, Russian leader
- 3369, 3370.
- Primary Education Law, France
- 1061.
- Primary Education Law, Netherlands
- 1174.
- primates
- 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20.
- Primitive Methodism
- 692.
- primogeniture
- 1369.
- Primrose League, England
- 1162.
- Prina
- 747.
- Prince Edward Island
- 1623, 1625, 1631, 3458.
- Princip, Gavrilo, assassin
- 1140.
- Principe
- 2672, 2916.
- Prindle, K. E., developer of cellophane
- 984.
- Prinkipo Islands
- 1784.
- printing
- 315, 371, 373, 378, 379, 380, 643, 985; beginnings in Asia, 370; England, 516; Spain, 525; Venice, 539; from movable type, 542; Scandinavia, 554; Poland, 555; Ottoman Empire, 797, 801, 807, 809; Lebanon, 800; the Arab world, 805; China, 851; Philippines, 867; freedom of the press, 935; 1800–1914, 985; Switzerland, 1094; Germany, 1096; Middle East, 1335; Iran, 1349, 1350, 1350, 1351; Egypt, 1367; Morocco, 1376; Tunisia, 1389; India, 1394, 1397.
- Prío Socorras, Carlos, Cuban leader
- 3714, 3714.
- Pripet River
- 482.
- Priscus, Byzantine commander
- 428, 429.
- Priscus, Helvidius, Stoic leader
- 251.
- Prishtina, H., Ottoman deputy in Albania
- 1326.
- prisoners of war
- 959.
- Pristina, taken by Bulgarians
- 567, 1797.
- Prithivipati I, ruler of India
- 327, 328.
- Prittwitz, Friedrich von, German general
- 1792.
- privateering
- See piracy.
- Privileged Agrarian Bank, Yugoslavia
- 2131.
- Privilege of Worms
- 458.
- Privileges of Union, Aragon
- 526.
- Privy Council, Japan
- 1454.
- Prizren, league of
- 1325, 1326.
- Prizrend
- 1797.
- probability theory
- 639, 1040.
- Probus, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor
- 258, 258.
- Proclamation of 1763
- 940.
- Procopius, historian
- 426, 427.
- Procop the Great, Hussite leader
- 544.
- Prodi, Romano, Italian leader
- 2756, 2949, 2950, 2950, 2951.
- Prodicus, Greek philosopher
- 186.
- Professio Fidei Tridentina
- See Council of Trent.
- Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization, PATCO
- 3427.
- Profumo, John, British leader
- 2774.
- Progresistas, Spain
- 1062, 1062.
- Progressive Conservative Party, Canada
- 3446.
- Progressive Democrats, Switzerland
- 2970.
- Progressive Encounter Party, Uruguay
- 3534.
- Progressive Party, Iceland
- 3086.
- Progressive Republican Party, Turkey
- 2327.
- Progressives, China
- 1426.
- Progressives, Germany
- 1235, 1237.
- Progressives, Japan
- 1452.
- Progressives, Portugal
- 1207.
- Progressives, U.S.
- 1619.
- Progressive Socialist Party, Lebanon
- 3845.
- Progressive Union of the Center, Greece
- 3211.
- progressivism, U.S.
- 1598.
- prohibition
- 1580; U.S., 1580, 1606, 2188, 2190, 2201; Norway, 2044; Finland, 2054; Virgin Islands, 2311; Iceland, 3086. See temperance movement.
- Pro-Independence Movement, Puerto Rico
- 3731.
- Project Venezuela
- 3604.
- Prokofiev, Sergei, composer
- 2068, 3263.
- proletariat
- 1034, 2067.
- Prome, Burma
- 846, 4050.
- propaganda
- 1814, 1814, 1839.
- Propaganda Movement, Philippine society
- 1481.
- Propertius, Sextus, Roman poet
- 239.
- Prophet Ariandhit, Sudanese leader
- 2561.
- Propontus
- 177, 473.
- Propylaea
- 186.
- Prosimians, suborder
- 19.
- Prosipitis
- 192, 192.
- Prosser, Gabriel, U.S. leader
- 1566.
- prostitution
- 511; in Egypt, 1367.
- Protagoras, Greek philosopher
- 186.
- Protectionists, France
- 1181.
- Protectorate of Southern Arabia
- 3891.
- Protectorate of the New Guinea Company
- 1477.
- Protectorate Treaty
- 1436, 1436.
- Protestantism
- 580, 613, 614, 615, 632, 1036, 1068, 1701, 2701; England, 587, 588, 593, 603; France, 597, 1197; Spain, 602, 1204; Hungary, 635; 1800–1914, 1146; Ireland, 1162, 1168; China, 1415, 1416, 1418; Korea, 1436; U.S., 1563, 1563; Canada, 1623.
- Protestant Reformation
- See Reformation.
- Protestants
- 530, 588, 589, 609, 609, 609, 614, 615, 615, 615, 615, 616, 616, 617, 617, 617, 617, 618, 620, 621, 622, 624, 627, 627, 628, 635, 643, 646, 659, 682, 696, 711, 713, 736, 748, 781, 930, 1071, 1260, 2964; 1500–1800, 584; England persecution of, 588; Ireland, 591, 694, 695, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1168; persecution of, 598, 598; France, 598, 598, 598, 599, 599, 599, 1014; Switzerland, 625, 626, 626, 748, 748, 748, 748, 748, 749, 749, 1094; Sweden, 628; England, 675; Hungary, 759; Poland, 780; China, 854; Africa, 890, 1522, 1522, 1536, 1536, 1538, 1543, 1550; North America, 929, 937; Portugal, 1207; Austria, 1239; fundamentalism, 2644; Latin America, 3465.
- Protestant Union
- 616, 616, 617, 617, 617, 617.
- Protocol of the Eight Articles, Netherlands
- 1053.
- Protoliterate Period
- 84.
- Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, reformer
- 1035, 1061, 1178.
- Proust, Joseph Louis, French scientist
- 647.
- Proust, Marcel, writer
- 1146, 1816, 1903.
- Prout, William, scientist
- 1042.
- Provence
- 403, 406, 407, 410, 411, 411, 415, 449, 450, 477, 477, 479, 479, 505, 505, 520, 524, 533, 597, 602, 602, 608, 615, 1001.
- Proverbs
- 93.
- Providence
- 928.
- Province Wellesley
- 1410, 1411.
- Provincial Committee of Correspondence, Virginia
- 943.
- Provincial Reform Law, Ottoman Empire
- 1336.
- Provincias Internas, Spanish America
- 904.
- Provisional Executive Council
- 1003.
- Provisions of Oxford, England
- 445, 445, 512.
- Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens, Latin poet
- 260.
- Prudhoe Bay
- 3425.
- Prunskiene, Kazimiera, Lithuanian leader
- 3353, 3354.
- Prusias I, king of Bithynia
- 214.
- Prussia
- 458, 458, 460, 460, 460, 460, 482, 485, 486, 487, 489, 548, 550, 550, 577, 578, 578, 578, 613, 620, 632, 648, 653, 657, 659, 659, 659, 660, 660, 660, 660, 660, 660, 661, 662, 662, 662, 662, 663, 663, 664, 664, 665, 666, 667, 667, 667, 667, 686, 704, 705, 752, 752, 753, 753, 754, 754, 754, 754, 754, 754, 754, 755, 755, 755, 755, 755, 756, 757, 757, 758, 759, 759, 771, 777, 781, 781, 781, 782, 782, 782, 789, 789, 790, 955, 955, 956, 957, 985, 1003, 1003, 1005, 1008, 1023, 1024, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1026, 1029, 1030, 1030, 1030, 1030, 1032, 1033, 1033, 1045, 1071, 1071, 1071, 1071, 1071, 1071, 1072, 1072, 1072, 1072, 1077, 1094, 1096, 1096, 1096, 1097, 1097, 1097, 1098, 1100, 1100, 1100, 1100, 1100, 1100, 1100, 1102, 1102, 1102, 1102, 1102, 1102, 1103, 1171, 1216, 1231, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1234, 1234, 1235, 1235, 1235, 1237, 1237, 1251, 1267, 1268, 1268, 1312, 1317, 1739, 1739, 1739, 1980, 1984, 1984, 2984; revolt in, 550; and Africa, 875; and Franco-Prussian War, 1185, 1185; and Switzerland, 1227, 1229; and Austria, 1230, 1231, 1233, 1233; and Denmark, 1233; and France, 1234, 1234; and Poland, 1267, 1267, 1269, 1269; and Romania, 1317; WWI, 1740, 1794.
- Prussian Academy
- 755.
- Prussian Union
- 556, 1230, 1230.
- Pruth, treaty of the
- 659.
- Pruth River
- 440, 659, 793, 806.
- Przemysl, fortress of
- 1739, 1740, 1792, 1792, 1794, 1794.
- Przemyslav II, king of Poland
- 487.
- Psalms
- 104, 326, 800.
- Psammetichus, tyrant of Corinth
- 179, 179.
- Psammetichus I, Psamtek
- 95, 114, 177.
- Psammetichus III, king of Egypt
- 95, 124.
- Psamtek II, king of Egypt
- 99.
- Psellus, Michael, scholar
- 438, 500.
- Pskov
- 629, 629, 631, 1774, 2082.
- psychoanalysis
- 1144.
- psychology
- 1144, 1144, 1145.
- Ptah
- 90.
- Ptolemais
- 208.
- Ptolemies
- 208, 208, 210, 218, 218, 219, 233, 242.
- Ptolemy, general
- 70.
- Ptolemy, Macedonian general
- 209, 209, 209, 209, 209.
- Ptolemy, Roman scholar
- 246, 426, 471, 479, 571, 638, 639.
- Ptolemy I Soter, king of Egypt
- 70, 218.
- Ptolemy II, king of Egypt
- 210, 210, 213, 213.
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king of Egypt
- 218, 218, 218.
- Ptolemy III, king of Egypt
- 213, 218.
- Ptolemy III Euergetes, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy IV, king of Egypt
- 208.
- Ptolemy IV Philopator, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy V Epiphanes, king of Egypt
- 218, 218, 218.
- Ptolemy VI Philometor, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy VII Eurgetes II, king of Egypt
- 218, 218, 218.
- Ptolemy VIII Soter II, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy IX Alexander I, king of Egypt
- 218, 218.
- Ptolemy X Alexander II, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy XI Auletes, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy XII, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy XIII, king of Egypt
- 218.
- Ptolemy Ceraunus, king of Macedonia
- 209.
- Puaux, Gabriel, French leader
- 2381, 3919.
- public assistance
- See social reforms.
- Public Debt Administration, Ottoman Empire
- 1341.
- public health
- 294, 1142, 1548; Great Britain, 1161; U.S., 1594; Canada, 1635.
- Public Health Act, Canada
- 1635.
- Public Health Act, England
- 1155, 1161.
- Public Health Bill, England
- 1049.
- Public Land Act
- 1574.
- Public Order (Temporary Measures) Act, Canada
- 3455.
- Public Safety Act, Ireland
- 1869.
- Public Safety Law, Italy
- 1222.
- Public Schools Act, Australia
- 1494.
- Public Security Law, Peru
- 2262.
- Public Utility Holding Company Act, U.S.
- 2205.
- Publius (Lucius) Septimius (Antoninus) Geta
- See Geta, Roman emperor.
- Puduhepa, Hittite queen
- 113.
- Puebla, Mexico
- 911, 912, 1691, 2295, 3474.
- Pueblo, U.S. intelligence ship
- 4205.
- Pueblo Indians
- 40, 904.
- Puerto Príncipe
- 895.
- Puerto Rican Socialist Party, PS
- 2308.
- Puerto Rico
- 572, 573, 895, 908, 908, 954, 1478, 1598, 1609, 1609, 1643, 1693, 1693, 1694, 2308, 2600, 2673, 3729, 3732, 3732; and U.S., 1694, 2208, 2308, 2309, 2309, 2309, 2309, 3396, 3729, 3729, 3729, 3730, 3730, 3731, 3731, 3731, 3732, 3732, 3732, 3732, 3732, 3732, 3733, 3733, 3733, 3734; WWI, 2308, 2309; Operation Bootstrap, 3729; Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 3730.
- Pueyrredón, Juan Martín, Latin American leader
- 1644, 1647.
- Pufendorf, Samuel von, German historian
- 752.
- Pugachev, Emelian I., Russian Cossack and royal impostor
- 789, 789.
- Pukou
- 1424.
- Pulakesin II, ruler of India
- 326, 326.
- Pulatov, Abdumannob
- 3389.
- Pulau Tujuh Islands
- 837.
- Pulcheria, empress
- 265, 266.
- Pulci, Luigi, poet
- 536.
- Pulguk Temple
- 378.
- Pulitzer Prize
- 2191.
- Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg
- 1258.
- Pullman, George M., inventor
- 989.
- Pullman Company
- 1605, 1615.
- Pumacahua, Mateo, Latin American leader
- 913, 1649.
- Pumarejo, Alfonso López, Colombian leader
- 2268.
- Pu'mayton, king of Tyre
- 109, 110.
- Punic Wars
- 220, 229, 229, 230, 230, 231, 234.
- Punjab
- 129, 129, 129, 130, 130, 130, 217, 302, 324, 324, 324, 324, 325, 331, 331, 334, 835, 1355, 1355, 1395, 1396, 1396, 1397, 1397, 1398, 2433, 2435, 2644, 2679, 3953, 3960, 3977, 3978, 3978, 3978, 3979, 3984, 3990, 4011.
- Punjab Accord
- 3978.
- Punt
- 91, 96, 98, 98.
- Punta del Este, Uruguay
- 3469, 3470, 3471.
- Pupienus, Marcus Clodius
- See Pupienus Maximus, Roman emperor.
- Pupienus Maximus, Roman emperor
- 257.
- Pupin, M. I., physicist
- 990.
- Puranas
- 132, 133.
- Pure Food and Drug Act, U.S.
- 1615.
- Pure Land Buddhism
- 370, 373, 378, 387, 395.
- Puri
- 327, 337.
- Purified Nationalist Party, South Africa
- 2579, 2580, 2580.
- Puritan Commonwealth
- 927.
- Puritans
- 577, 588, 589, 589, 591, 594; English Civil War, 592; Africa, 892; New England, 927, 927, 933, 934, 934.
- Purvey, John, religious leader
- 513.
- Pusan, Korea
- 1430, 2486, 4190, 4194, 4209.
- Pushkin, Alexander, writer
- 1256, 1257.
- Pushyamitra
- 129.
- Pustovoitenko, Valery, Ukrainian leader
- 3385.
- Putin, Vladimir, Russian leader
- 2754, 3370, 3370, 3371, 3371, 3371, 4222.
- Putman Act, U.S.
- 2478.
- Putna, battle of
- 1776.
- Putnam, Israel, American commander
- 948.
- Putney Debates, England
- 668.
- Putumayo
- 1670.
- Puycerda
- 653.
- Puyi, Chinese emperor
- 1424, 1425, 1426.
- Puyi, Henry, Chinese emperor
- 2462, 2473.
- Puy
- 160, 160.
- Puzur-Ashur I, king of Ashur
- 85.
- Puzur-Ashur III, king of Assyria
- 86.
- Pydna
- 203, 203, 211.
- Pygmalion
- See Pu'mayton, king of Tyre.
- Pylos
- 171, 171, 171, 196, 198.
- Pym, John, English member of Parliament
- 590, 590, 591.
- P'yngyang
- 160, 160, 161, 161, 1430, 2493, 2698, 4190, 4192, 4218, 4218, 4222.
- Pynhan
- 160.
- Pyramid of the Sun, Teotihuacán
- 55.
- pyramids
- 91.
- battle of the Pyramids
- 810, 1010.
- Pyramid Texts
- 91.
- Pyrenees
- 228, 290, 403, 404, 407, 407, 410, 410, 418, 419, 449, 477, 479.
- Pyrenees, treaty of the
- 575, 604, 648, 648, 711, 718.
- Pyrrhic victory
- 227.
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