- Qabus, sultan of Oman
- 3897.
- Qaddafi, Muammar al-, Libyan leader
- 2696, 2756, 3785, 3947, 3948, 3948.
- Qadesh
- 93, 93, 100, 113.
- Qadiriyya, Sufi order
- 300, 303, 1382.
- Qadisiyya
- 275, 287.
- Qafzeh Cave, Israel
- 25.
- Sha`bi, Qahtan al-, Yemenite leader
- 3892, 3893.
- Qainu, king of Qedar
- 127.
- Qajar dynasty
- 817, 818, 818, 819, 953, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1349, 1350, 1350, 1351, 1351, 1351, 1351, 1351, 1351, 1353, 2338.
- Qalat Sharquat
- See Ashur.
- Qandahar
- 813, 813, 816, 816, 817, 819, 819, 819, 819, 819, 819, 1354, 1354, 1355.
- Qarabagh
- 1349.
- Qaramanli dynasty
- 828, 1392, 1393.
- Qara-Qoyunlu (Black Sheep) confederation
- 307, 307, 307, 307, 307, 308.
- Qara Uthman, Aq-Qoyunlu leader
- 307.
- Qarawiyin Council of Learning
- 2418.
- Qarawiyyin religious college
- 1376.
- Qara Yusuf, Qara-Qoyunlu leader
- 307.
- Qarmati (Qaramita) movement
- 296, 297, 317, 321.
- Qarqar
- 106.
- Qart Hadasht
- See Kition.
- Qart-Hadasht
- See Carthage.
- Qasbah
- 3926.
- Qashqais
- 2338.
- Qasim, Abd al-Karim, Iraqi leader
- 3879, 3879, 3880, 3881.
- Qasim, Zaydi imam of Yemen
- 799.
- Qasim Amin, Egyptian reformer
- 1373, 2351.
- Qasimiyya, political faction in Egypt
- 802, 806.
- Qassasa
- 323.
- Qataban
- 128.
- Qatar
- 1358, 1360, 2636, 2673, 3772, 3776, 3896, 3896, 3898, 3898, 3899; and Great Britain, 2408, 3897; and U.S., 3899.
- Qatif
- 794.
- Qatna
- 100, 103.
- Qavam, Ahmad, Iranian leader
- 3814.
- Qayitbey, Mamluk leader
- 320.
- Qayrawan
- 289, 292, 292, 297, 321, 323, 1390.
- Qays
- 289.
- Qazi Muhammad, Kurdish leader
- 3814.
- Qazvin
- 287, 297, 813, 814.
- Qedar, Duma
- 125, 127.
- Qi, Shandong
- 138, 139, 139, 139, 139, 140, 147, 151, 153.
- Qian Daxin, Chinese scholar
- 854.
- Qianlong reign
- 853, 854, 854, 1415.
- Qian Xuan, painter
- 375.
- Qi Kang, Chinese cult leader
- 158.
- Qin dynasty
- 72, 138, 138, 139, 139, 139, 139, 139, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 149, 150, 153, 153, 153, 153, 153, 153, 153, 153, 153, 153, 156, 156, 156, 156, 156, 156, 156, 160, 367, 397.
- Qing China
- 2473; written history, 2478.
- Qingdao
- 968, 1423, 2460, 2462, 2463, 2465, 2479, 2480, 2486.
- Qingdao-Jinan Railway
- 1423.
- Qing dynasty
- 576, 578, 579, 580, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 853, 853, 853, 853, 854, 854, 854, 854, 854, 856, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1416, 1416, 1416, 1416, 1417, 1417, 1417, 1417, 1417, 1417, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1424, 1424, 1425, 1425, 1425, 1429, 1473, 2524.
- Qinghua (Tsing Hua) University
- 1424.
- Qinghua University
- 4159.
- Qin Gui, Chinese leader
- 372.
- Qin Shi Huangdi, Chinese emperor
- 140.
- Qishan
- 1416.
- Qishm
- 821, 1360.
- Qiying, Chinese official
- 1416, 1416.
- Qizilbash, “Redheads”
- 308, 812, 812, 813, 813, 813, 813, 813.
- Quadarat, Philippine sultan
- 867.
- Quadi
- 252, 252, 254, 254, 264.
- Quadrilateral fortresses, Mantua
- 1211.
- Quadros, Jânio da Silva, Brazilian leader
- 3611, 3612, 3612.
- Quadruple Alliance, of ancient Greece
- 197, 197, 659, 685, 685, 715, 723, 1033, 1045, 1045, 1045, 1062.
- Quakers, Society of Friends
- 1621, 1701; in New Jersey, 935; in Pennsylvania, 935, 935; in Africa, 1514. See American Friends Service Committee; British Society of Friends.
- Qualification Act, England
- 683.
- Quang-trung reign
- 863, 863.
- Quant, Mary, designer
- 2776.
- quantitative atomic theory
- 1041.
- quantum mechanics
- 1729.
- Quanzhou
- 373, 375.
- Quaqua, Philip, Gold Coast Anglican deacon
- 877.
- Quartering Act, England
- 941, 942, 944.
- quartz wristwatch
- 2704.
- Quatre Bras, battle of
- 1033.
- Quayle, Dan, U.S. leader
- 3428.
- Quebec
- 659, 920, 920, 921, 921, 940, 940, 947, 1622, 1626, 1627, 1634, 1635, 1639, 1699, 2219, 2220, 2644, 2664, 2683, 2688, 2867, 3443, 3449, 3450, 3452, 3452, 3453, 3453, 3454, 3455, 3455, 3455, 3456, 3456, 3457, 3460, 3462, 3462, 3463, 3463; convention and resolutions on confederation, 1630; Conference, 2214, 2608.
- Quebec Act, England
- 944, 952.
- Quebec Board of Health
- 1635.
- Quedlinburg
- 415.
- Queen Anne's Bounty, England
- 682.
- Queen Anne's War
- 934, 939.
- Queen's House, Greenwich
- 594.
- Queensland
- 1477, 1478, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1494, 1494, 1495, 1497, 1497, 1497, 1497, 4310.
- Queen's Medical School, Kingston
- 1635.
- Queenston Heights
- 1623, 1623.
- Quemoy
- 4150, 4150, 4150, 4150, 4151, 4181, 4183.
- Querétaro
- 903, 1691, 2294.
- Quesnay, François, French economist
- 645, 717.
- Quetelet, Adolphe, scientist
- 1040, 1147.
- Quetta
- 1397.
- Quetzalcoatl, cult of
- 570.
- Queuille, Henri, French leader
- 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2845.
- Quexos, Pedro de, explorer
- 574.
- Quezon, Manuel, Philippine leader
- 1486, 2534, 2534, 2534, 2535, 2535, 2535, 2535, 2536, 2536.
- Quiché
- 570, 902.
- Quiche Province
- 3656.
- Quillota, battle of
- 1662.
- Quiñonez Molina, Alfonso, Latin American leader
- 1682.
- Quintamilla, Carlos, Bolivian leader
- 2256.
- Quintana, Manuel, Latin American leader
- 1661.
- Quintilian, Marcus Fabius Quintilianus
- 246.
- Quintillus, Roman emperor
- 257, 258.
- Quintillus, Marcus Aurelius Claudius
- See Quintillus, Roman emperor.
- Quintuple Alliance
- 1045.
- Quirinal Hill
- 224.
- Quirino, Elpidio, Philippine leader
- 4291, 4291.
- Quiroga, Facundo, Latin American leader
- 1658.
- Quisling, Vidkun, Norwegian Nazi leader
- 2047, 3054.
- Quito
- 897, 898, 898, 909, 909, 909, 912, 1650, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1671, 1671, 1671, 1671, 1672, 3572, 3573.
- Quiwonkpa, Thomas, Liberian leader
- 4355.
- Quli Khan, Shi’ite imam
- 815.
- Qum
- 292, 297.
- Qu Qiubai, Chinese leader
- 2463, 2465, 2469, 2470.
- Qur'an
- 285, 286, 286, 286, 286, 288, 288, 290, 293, 293, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 300, 320, 351, 1384, 1395.
- Quraysh
- 286, 286, 287, 287, 288, 288, 289.
- Qutb, Sayyid, Muslim intellectual
- 3910.
- Qutb al-Din Shirazi, astronomer
- 305.
|
- Ra
- 90, 90, 91.
- Raab, Julius, Austrian leader
- 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034.
- Rabat, Egypt
- 823, 1378, 3924, 3925.
- Rabaul
- 2627.
- Rabb, T. K., historian
- 624.
- Rabbani, Burhanuddin, Afghan leader
- 3834, 3834, 3834.
- Rabban Sauna, Nestorian official
- 375.
- Rabbinical Courts Jurisdiction Law, Israel
- 3858.
- Rabelais, François, French writer
- 600.
- Rabi’a al-Adawiyya, mystic
- 293.
- Rabin, Yitzhak (Itzhak), Israeli leader
- 3116, 3860, 3862, 3863, 3864, 3875.
- Rabuka, Sitiveni, Fijian leader
- 4285, 4285.
- Racan, Ivica, Croatian leader
- 3192.
- Racconigi agreement, Russian-Italian
- 1133.
- race
- 584, 584, 1706, 2187, 2187, 2499, 2538, 2643, 2648, 2672, 2700, 2790, 2872, 2876, 3022, 3023, 3023, 3038, 3158, 3390, 3392, 3392, 3400, 3409, 3411, 3413, 3414, 3415, 3415, 3421, 3427, 3429, 3434, 3435, 3436, 3436, 3443, 3454, 3618, 3630, 3743, 3758, 3758, 4109, 4286, 4320, 4364; U.S., 1616, 2190, 2199, 2199, 2210, 2214, 2214; Canada, 2217; Haiti, 2315, 2316. See African Americans; civil rights.
- Race Relations Act, Great Britain
- 2780.
- Radagaisus, Germanic chieftain
- 265, 403.
- Radama I, African leader
- 1561, 1561, 1561, 1561, 1561.
- Radama II, African leader
- 1562.
- radar
- 9, 1736.
- Radek, Karl, Russian leader
- 2064, 2072, 2077.
- Radetzky, Josef, Austrian general
- 1092, 1092, 1092, 1092, 1092.
- Radfan, South Yemen
- 3892.
- Radhakanta Deb, Hindu reformer
- 1394.
- Radiation Laboratory, Cambridge
- 1736.
- Radical Civil Union Party, Argentina
- 3505.
- radicalism
- 1047; 1800–1914, 999; Great Britain, 1046; Spain, 1062; Switzerland, 1094, 1229; Germany, 1098; France, 1187, 1188, 1192; Italy, 1222; Russia, 1260, 1260, 1265; Serbia, 1288, 1289, 1291; New Zealand, 1504; U.S., 1618; rural, 2578.
- Radical Party, Argentina
- 3495.
- Radicals, Switzerland
- 1229.
- Radical Socialist Party, France
- 1198, 1905, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1914.
- Radich, Stephen, Croat leader
- 2130, 2130.
- radio
- 1262, 1736, 1736, 1816, 1816, 2317, 2641, 3414, 3768; public broadcasting station, 1840; U.S., 2191; first general broadcast, 2191; Iran, 2344; Afghanistan, 2347; Palestine, 2391; Australia, 2546; Egypt, 3905; Africa, 4320, 4325. See communications.
- radioactivity
- 1149, 1149.
- radio astronomy
- 1730.
- radiocarbon dating
- 6, 6, 6, 7, 35.
- Radiotelegraph Convention
- 1698.
- Radishchev, Alexander, Russian writer
- 789.
- Radisic, Zivko, Bosnian leader
- 3189.
- Radisson, Pierre Esprit, French explorer
- 921.
- Radom
- 555, 632.
- Radomir, Gabriel, Romanus
- 441, 496.
- Radoslavov, Vasil, Bulgarian leader
- 1309.
- Radowitz, Joseph Maria von, Prussian leader
- 1230.
- Radzyn, treaty of, Bahchesaray
- 784, 804.
- Raetia
- 243, 245, 254, 257, 258, 403.
- Rafah
- 1751.
- Raffael Santi
- See Raphael (Raffael Santi), Italian artist.
- Raffles, Stamford
- 1410, 1412.
- Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashimi, Iranian leader
- 3826, 3827.
- Raghoba, would-be peshwa of Maratha
- 835.
- Raghuvamsa
- 131.
- Ragusa
- 498, 502, 562, 562, 563.
- Rahman, Azizur, Bangladeshi leader
- 4022.
- Rahman, Mujibur
- 2668, 4001, 4002, 4003, 4003, 4003, 4003, 4016, 4017, 4018, 4019, 4019, 4023.
- Rahman, Ziaur, Zia
- 4003, 4019, 4020, 4021, 4022, 4023.
- Rahmaniyya Sufi order
- 829, 1383, 1383, 1390.
- RAI, Italy
- 2932.
- railroads
- 956, 961, 968, 987, 989, 989, 989, 989, 991, 1062, 1073, 1096, 1119, 1124, 1132, 1219, 1229, 2317, 2704, 2844; Middle East, 970, 1337, 1337, 1346, 1347; U.S., 987, 1574, 1575, 1580, 1580, 1581, 1587, 1596, 1597, 1601, 1602, 1605, 1614, 1614, 2191, 2191, 2201, 3396; Belgium, 1056; France, 1061, 1178, 1198; Italy, 1223; Switzerland, 1226; Russia, 1258, 1259, 1261, 1261; Poland, 1268; Serbia, 1289; Montenegro, 1297; Bulgaria, 1301, 1304; Romania, 1317, 1317; Iran, 1351; Egypt, 1368; Morocco, 1378; Algeria, 1382; Tunisia, 1390; India, 1397; China, 1420, 1422, 1423, 1424; Japan, 1450, 1464; Australia, 1490, 1492, 1495, 2538; New Zealand, 1503; Africa, 1521, 1534, 1537, 1548, 1556, 1557, 2558, 2558, 2561; Canada, 1625, 1629, 1629, 1631, 1632, 1634, 1635, 1638, 1640, 1641, 2229; Latin America, 1666, 1669, 1671, 1678; high-speed passenger, 2704; TGV, 2872, 2877. See transportation.
- Railway Act, France
- 1061.
- Railway Labor Board, U.S.
- 2193.
- Railway Pension Act, U.S.
- 2203.
- Rainbow Coalition, U.S.
- 3390, 3428.
- Rainier, archduke
- 1066.
- Rainilaiarivny, African leader
- 1562.
- Raisuli, Ahmed ibn-Muhammed, Berber leader
- 2418, 2418, 2418, 2418.
- Rajadhiraja I, ruler of India
- 336.
- Rajagriha
- 129.
- Rajai, Muhammad Ali, Iranian leader
- 3822.
- Raja Kecil, ruler of Siak
- 837, 837.
- Rajaraja I, ruler of India
- 328, 336.
- Rajarajesvara
- 336.
- Rajasthan
- 324.
- Rajendra, ruler of India
- 336.
- Rajendra Choladeva, ruler of India
- 336, 338.
- Rajendravarman, king of Angkor
- 340.
- Rajk, László, Hungarian leader
- 3144, 3147.
- Rajputana
- 324, 325, 325.
- Rajputs
- 325, 325, 333, 334, 578, 830, 831, 832, 834, 835.
- Rakai District, Uganda
- 4320.
- Rakhmonov, Imamali, Tajik leader
- 3375, 3376.
- Rakkhi Bahini, Bangladesh
- 4017.
- Rákóczi, Francis II, Hungarian leader
- 758, 758.
- Rákóczi, George I, prince of Transylvania
- 622, 636.
- Rákosi, Mátyás, Hungarian leader
- 3143, 3146, 3146, 3147, 3147, 3150.
- Rakovski, George, Bulgarian leader
- 1299.
- Rakowski, Mieczyslaw, Polish leader
- 3109, 3110.
- Raleigh, Walter
- 594, 594, 924.
- Ralliement, France
- 1195.
- Rallis, George, Greek leader
- 3225.
- Rally of the Republicans, RDR
- 4353.
- Ram, Indian god
- 3977.
- Rama, Indian hero
- 129, 129, 580.
- Ramadan
- 286.
- Ramadier, Paul, French leader
- 2841, 2841.
- Ramaema, Elias Phitsoome, Lesotho leader
- 4473.
- Rama I, king of Siam
- 848, 1405.
- Rama II, king of Siam
- 1405.
- Rama III, king of Siam
- 1405.
- Rama IV, king of Siam
- 1405.
- Rama V, king of Siam
- 1405, 1405, 1407.
- Rama VI, king of Siam
- 1408, 1408.
- Rama VII, Prajadhipok
- 2451, 2451, 2451, 2451, 2452, 2452, 2452.
- Rama IX, Phumiphol Adulyadet
- 4064, 4065, 4065, 4067, 4072.
- Ramakrishna, Sri, Hindu mystic
- 1398.
- Ramakrishna Mission
- 1701.
- Ramallah
- 2391.
- Ramanatsoa, Gabriel, Madagascan leader
- 4492.
- Ramanuja of Kanchi, theologian
- 283, 327, 337.
- Rama Tiboti, ruler of Siam
- 342.
- Ramayana
- 129.
- Ramdas, Hindu poet
- 833.
- Ramek, Rudolf, Austrian leader
- 2002, 2003.
- Rametta, battle of
- 498.
- Ramillies
- 658.
- Ramírez, Pedro P., Argentine leader
- 2243.
- Ramirez Durand, Oscar, Peruvian leader
- 3565.
- Ramiro I, king of Aragon
- 478, 479, 479.
- Ramkamhaeng, ruler of Siam
- 342.
- Ramos, Fidel, Philippine leader
- 4293, 4293, 4294.
- Ramsay, William, chemist
- 1149.
- Ramses I, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses II, the Great
- 93, 98, 113.
- Ramses III, king of Egypt
- 93, 98.
- Ramses IV, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses V, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses VI, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses VII, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses VIII, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses IX, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses X, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Ramses XI, king of Egypt
- 93, 93, 98.
- Ramsey, Arthur M.
- 2777.
- Ranariddeh, Norodom
- 4089, 4091, 4091.
- Rana Sanga, Rajput chief
- 830.
- Ranavalona, African queen
- 1561, 1562, 1562.
- Rancagua, battle of
- 1648.
- Rand, South Africa
- 1558, 2574, 2577, 4481.
- Randall, J. T., radar researcher
- 1736.
- Randolph, A. Philip, U.S. activist
- 2188.
- Randolph, Edward, English colonial agent
- 933.
- Rangoon
- 1402, 1402, 2448, 2449, 2522, 2627, 4056, 4056, 4057, 4059, 4063.
- Rangoon, University of
- 2448.
- Rangpur
- 3971.
- Rani Sipari mosque
- 334.
- Ranjit Singh, Sikh leader
- 1354, 1394, 1396.
- Ranke, Leopold von, historian
- 1036, 1284.
- Rankine, William M. J., engineer
- 981.
- Rankovic, Aleksander, Yugoslavian leader
- 3173.
- Ranquel Indians
- 1660.
- Ransome, E. L., construction engineer
- 984.
- Rao, P. V. Narasimha, Indian leader
- 3984.
- Rao Shushi, Chinese leader
- 4146.
- Rapallo, treaties of
- 1710, 1817, 1818, 1821, 1821, 1943, 2069.
- Raphael, Raffael Santi
- 607, 609.
- Raphia
- 87, 214, 218.
- Rapidan River
- 1589.
- Rasap
- 101.
- Rasate, Vladimir
- 440.
- Rascia
- See Serbia.
- Raska
- See Serbia.
- Rashid, Sheik, ruler of Dubayy
- 3899.
- Rashid al-Din, Ilkhanid leader
- 305, 305, 306.
- Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, Iraqi leader
- 2406, 2406, 2591, 2612, 2614.
- Rashid ibn Mughamis, Arab chieftain
- 794.
- Rashidi dynasty
- 1359, 1362, 1362.
- Rashid Ridahas, Muslim teacher
- 320, 2365.
- Rashidun caliphs
- 287, 288, 288, 289.
- Rashmon
- 2520.
- Rasht
- 815.
- Rashtrakuta dynasty
- 133, 326, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327.
- Rasmussen, Poul Nyrup, Danish leader
- 3051, 3052.
- Rasputin, Gregory, Russian holy man and court favorite
- 1266, 2062, 2063.
- Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, French West Africa
- 4324.
- Rassemblement du Peuple Français, RPF
- 2841.
- Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais, RPT
- 4386, 4386.
- Rassemblement Walloon, Belgium
- 2822.
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