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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
Subject Index
 
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Bonapartists, France
1083, 1189.
Bond, Robert
1641, 1641.
Bond, William Cranch, astronomer
1147.
Bondelswarts Rebellion
2577.
Bongo, Albert-Bernard (Omar), Gabon leader
4340, 4340, 4341, 4341, 4341, 4341, 4342.
Bonhomme Richard, U.S. ship
950.
Boniface, St., Winfrid
407.
Boniface, count of Tuscany
454, 467, 534.
Boniface VIII, pope
446, 446, 452, 452, 452, 452, 452, 453, 453, 469, 470, 470, 470, 470, 470, 470, 470, 470, 470.
Boniface of Montferrat, Crusader and king of Salonika
505, 506, 508.
Bonifacio, Andres, Philippine leader
1481, 1481, 1481.
Bonifatius, Roman leader
266, 266, 404, 404.
Bonilla, Manuel, Latin American leader
1686.
Bonilla, Policarpo, Latin American leader
1686.
Bonin Islands
4237, 4237.
Bonn
2709, 2723, 2987, 2988, 2988, 2990, 2992, 3005, 3010, 3012, 3017, 3019, 3019.
Bonnelly, Rafael, Dominican leader
3737.
Bonner, Edward, bishop of London
588.
Bonner, Elena, wife of Sakharov
3290.
Bonnet, Georges, French foreign minister
1835, 1835.
Bonneval, Claude Alexandre de
807.
Bonnici, Carmelo Mifsud, Maltese leader
2968.
Bonnivert, sieur de, Guillaume Gouffier, French general
614.
Bono, Emilio De, Italian Fascist leader
1945.
Bonomi, Ivanhoe, Italian leader
1944, 1945, 1961.
Bonsu, Mansa
1516.
Book of Common Prayer
587, 588, 594, 674, 695.
Book of History, ancient Chinese text
854.
Book of Kings, Persian
813.
Book of Lord Shang
149.
Book of the Dead
93.
Boole, George, mathematician
1147.
Boomplaats
1552.
Boone, Daniel, American pioneer
941.
Boot, H.A.H, radar researcher
1736.
Booth, John, missionary
1548.
Booth, John Wilkes, assassin of Lincoln
1590.
Bophuthatswana
4483.
Boqueirao de Pedra Furada
28.
Bor, Tadeo, Polish commander
2126.
Borandukht, daughter of Khusrau II and Persian ruler
275.
Boratini, master of the Polish mint
777.
Borchgrevink, Carsten, Norwegian explorer
996.
Borda, Juan Idiarte, Latin American leader
1667.
Bordaberry, Juan María, Uruguayan leader
3530, 3531, 3531.
Bordeaux
412, 513, 513, 515, 515, 521, 521, 584, 599, 1005, 1006, 1029, 1031, 1178, 1188, 1738, 1901.
Borden, Gail, producer of evaporated milk
987.
Borden, Robert L.
1639, 2222.
Borelli, Giovanni
640.
Borge, Tomás, Nicaraguan leader
3675.
Borges, Jorge Luis, writer
3465.
Borgesius, Hendrik Goeyman, Dutch leader
1176.
Borghese, Camillo
See Paul V, pope.
Borgia, Italian family
609.
Borgia, Cesare, duke of Romagna
609, 609.
Borgia, Rodrigo Lanzol y
See Alexander VI, pope.
Borgnis-Desbordes, French commander in Africa
1511.
Boricua People's Army, EPB
3732.
Boril, ruler of Bulgaria
496, 496.
Boris, crown prince of Bulgaria
1121.
Boris I, tsar of Bulgaria
440, 440, 440, 440, 440.
Boris II, tsar of Bulgaria
441.
Boris III, tsar of Bulgaria
1304, 1951, 2160, 2165, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2173.
Boris of Bulgaria
435.
Borja Cervallos, Rodrigo
3570.
Borneo
27, 339, 841, 1412, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1481, 2763, 3958, 4119, 4125.
Bornholm
761.
Bornhöved, battle of
460.
Borno
352, 354, 354, 871, 871, 871, 871, 1510, 1510.
Borno, Luis, Haitian leader
2316, 2316.
Borno Empire
871.
Borobudur
339.
Borodin, Mikhail Gruzenberg
2465, 2466, 2467, 2468.
Borodino, battle of
1029.
Boroughbridge, battle of
512.
Borromeo, Carlo, archbishop of Milan
609, 626.
Borromini, Francesco, Italian architect
735.
Bort, Balthasar, Dutch naval commander
852.
Borten, Per, Norwegian leader
3057, 3057.
Boscán Almogáver, Juan, Spanish poet
604.
Bosch, Hieronymus, Dutch artist
596.
Bosch, Johannes van den, Dutch colonial administrator
1057.
Bosch, Juan, Dominican leader
3689.
Bosch, Milans de, Spanish leader
2899.
Bosch Gavino, Juan, Dominican leader
3737, 3738, 3738, 3739, 3739, 3740, 3741, 3742, 3742, 3742, 3742.
Bose, Subhas Chandra, Indian leader
2437, 2444, 2445.
Boselli, Paolo, Italian leader
1941, 1941.
Bosnia
310, 313, 314, 314, 494, 494, 495, 502, 562, 563, 563, 563, 563, 563, 563, 809, 809, 955, 962, 1105, 1105, 1106, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1108, 1110, 1114, 1132, 1132, 1140, 1243, 1244, 1266, 1280, 1287, 1288, 1288, 1293, 1296, 1306, 1329, 1340, 1341, 1341, 1343, 1344, 1347, 2127, 2692, 2752, 3039; and Ottoman Empire, 1335; WWI, 1743.
Bosnia-Herzegovina
2688, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3178, 3178, 3180, 3183, 3183, 3184, 3184, 3184, 3184, 3185, 3185, 3185, 3185, 3186, 3186, 3187, 3189, 3191; Serbs, 3178, 3185; Croats, 3178; independence, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183; division, 3184, 3185, 3185, 3185, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188; Muslim-Croat Federation, 3185, 3189, 3189; peace treaty, 3186; Serb Republic, 3189, 3189.
Boso of Provence, king of Burgundy
411, 415.
Bosphoros Bridge
3796.
Bosporus
262, 432, 501, 508, 510, 970, 1045, 1334, 2322, 2333, 3797. See Straits (Bosporus and Dardanelles).
Bosque, Pío Romero, El Salvadorian leader
2280.
Boston
615, 926, 928, 933, 934, 934, 934, 934, 941, 941, 942, 942, 946, 946, 946, 947, 948, 961, 1575, 1575, 1594; siege of, 947.
Boston Massacre
943.
Boston Port Act, England
944.
Boston steelyard, England
548, 548.
Boston Tea Party
943.
Bostra
429.
Boström, Erik Gustaf, Swedish leader
1248.
Bosworth Field, battle of
516.
botany
641, 1152, 1153, 1153.
Botany Bay
689, 866, 1487.
Botev, Christo, Bulgarian leader
1299.
Botha, Louis, South African leader
1558, 1558, 1560, 1768, 2574, 2576.
Botha, P. W., South African leader
2694, 4470, 4487.
Bothwell, earl of, James Hepburn
588.
Botswana
365, 365, 890, 1546, 2697, 4325, 4326, 4344, 4438, 4453, 4456, 4457, 4458, 4458, 4458, 4458, 4458, 4474; independence, 4458.
Botswana Democratic Party, BDP
4458.
Botswana National Front, BNF
4458.
Botticelli, Sandro, artist
532, 536.
Bouabid, Maati, Moroccan leader
3922.
Bouazza, Tayyib, labor leader
3919.
Bouchain
653, 659.
Bouchard, Lucien, Quebec leader
3462, 3463.
Boucicaut, Jean, French marshal
568.
Bou Denib, battle of
1378.
Boudiaf, Muhammad, Algerian leader
3925, 3936, 3936.
Boudicca, queen of the Iceni
249.
Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, French explorer
865.
Bougainville Island
1477, 2629, 4285.
Bougainville Republican Army
4285.
Bougie
601, 826.
Boulanger, Georges, French leader
1194, 1194, 1194.
Boulangists, France
1194.
Boulogne
450, 1023, 2585; conferences, 1708, 1818.
Boumedienne, Houari, Algerian leader
3930, 3932.
Boun Oum, prince, Laotian leader
4095, 4095, 4096, 4096.
Bounty, HMS
866.
Bouquel, French writer
716.
Bouquier Law, France
1006.
Bourassa, Robert, Quebec leader
3457.
Bourbaki, Nicolas, mathematician
1730.
Bourbon, cardinal of
See Charles X, king of France.
Bourbon, constable de, Spanish commander
602, 607, 614.
Bourbon, duke of
723.
Bourbon, royal house
523, 598, 599, 622, 659, 659, 659, 719, 720, 724, 735, 736, 737, 737, 740, 909, 909, 911, 912, 913, 1024, 1033, 1059, 1081, 1189, 1189, 2887; Spanish branch, 659; reforms, 1643, 1643.
Bourbon Restoration
1033.
Bourgeois, Léon, French leader
1784.
bourgeoisie
1034; in Belgium, 1053; in France, 1061; in Central Europe, 1071; in Germany, 1071.
Bourges
449, 466, 522.
Bourgès-Maunoury, Maurice, French leader
2849.
Bourguiba, Habib, Tunisian leader
2426, 2426, 3940, 3941, 3943, 3946.
Bourke, Richard
1489.
Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, Algerian leader
3939, 3939.
Bouterse, Deysey, Surinamese leader
3631, 3632, 3634.
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, UN leader
2688, 2691, 2693, 3915, 4400.
Bouvet, Pierre, French explorer
993.
Bouvet Island
2044, 2045.
Bouvines, battle of
445, 450, 457.
Bovaradet, Siamese Prince
2451.
Boves, José Tomás, Latin American leader
1650, 1650.
Bowdoin, James, governor of Massachusetts
952.
Bowell, Mackenzie
1636, 1637.
Boxer Protocol
1424.
Boxers United in Righteousness, Chinese conservatives
1424.
Boxer Uprising, China
955, 971, 1262, 1424, 1424, 1424, 1435, 1460, 1610, 2462, 2466, 2466, 2478.
Boyacá River, battle of
1650.
boyars, Russian noble families
489, 629, 629, 629, 630, 630, 630, 785.
Boyd, Augusto S., Panamanian leader
2277.
Boyd, Lord, governor of Scotland
518.
Boyer, Jean Pierre, Haitian leader
1695, 1696, 1696, 1696.
Boyle, Robert, British scientist
639, 640, 640, 641.
Boyle's law
640.
Boyne, battle of the
697.
Boyoya, Pierre, Burundian leader
4413, 4413.
Brabant
524, 595, 617.
Bracko
3189.
Braddock, Edward, British commander
940.
Bradford, William, governor of Plymouth Colony
926.
Bradlaugh, Charles, English reformer
1162.
Bradman, Don, cricket player
2546.
Bradshaw, John, English jurist
594.
Brady, Matthew, Tasmanian leader
1488.
Brady Bill, U.S.
3430.
Brady Bonds
3573.
Braga, Theophilo, Portuguese leader
1208.
Braganza, Constantine de, Portuguese commander
831.
Brahe, Per, governor-general of Finland
766.
Brahe, Tycho, Danish astronomer
638, 638, 639.
Brahmagupta, Indian scientist
131.
Brahmanism
66, 68, 68, 73, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 129, 131, 132, 133, 133, 135, 327, 329, 330, 334, 335, 335, 337, 847, 2432.
Brahmans
1394.
Brahmo Samaj, Hindu reform movement
1394, 1396, 1397.
Braila
1299, 1808.
Braille system
637.
Braintree, Massachusetts
2197.
Bramante, architect
537.
Branas, Alexius, Byzantine general
503.
Brandenberger, J. E., developer of cellophane
984.
Brandenburg
416, 456, 459, 460, 541, 541, 541, 544, 544, 548, 550, 555, 616, 620, 622, 624, 652, 713, 754, 754, 754, 754, 780, 875, 1097, 1984; castle, 460.
Brandenburg Estates
754.
Brandt, Willy, German leader
2668, 2731, 2731, 2731, 2982, 3000, 3002, 3005, 3005, 3006, 3006, 3006, 3006, 3008, 3019.
Brandywine, battle of
948.
Branibor
416.
Branicova
502.
Brankovi, George, ruler of Serbia
563, 563.
Brankovi, Vuk
563.
Branly, Édouard, inventor
990.
Brant, Joseph, American Indian leader
1623.
Brant, Sebastian, German satirist
616.
Branting, Hjalmar, Swedish leader
2048.
Braque, Georges, artist
1146.
Braschi, Gianangelo
See Pius VI, pope.
Brasidas, Spartan general
196, 196, 196.
Brasília
3479, 3611, 3627, 3628, 3629.
Bratianu, Dmitri, Romanian leader
1311.
Bratianu, Ion, Romanian leader
1311, 1312, 1742, 1742, 1742, 1742, 1777, 2174, 2178.
Bratislava
634, 3129, 3137.
Brattelli, Trygve M.
3057, 3057, 3058, 3059.
Brauchitsch, Heinrich von, Nazi commander
1991.
Braun, Ferdinand, inventor
1736.
Braun, Otto, German leader
1980.
Braunau, abbot of
617.
Brazauskas, Algirdas, Lithuanian leader
3355, 3356, 3356, 3357.
Brazil
28, 281, 570, 573, 573, 573, 573, 574, 575, 575, 579, 605, 605, 605, 703, 727, 727, 732, 886, 894, 906, 906, 914, 914, 914, 915, 915, 915, 916, 916, 916, 917, 917, 918, 918, 918, 918, 918, 918, 918, 953, 961, 1026, 1064, 1064, 1064, 1064, 1335, 1506, 1539, 1647, 1647, 1656, 1656, 1657, 1657, 1658, 1658, 1658, 1660, 1660, 1665, 1665, 1665, 1665, 1665, 1665, 1665, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1667, 1667, 1669, 1677, 1738, 1825, 2238, 2241, 2270, 2270, 2271, 2602, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2665, 2963, 3465, 3467, 3475, 3475, 3475, 3477, 3478, 3479, 3487, 3520, 3523, 3527, 3549, 3551, 3552, 3607, 3611, 3612, 3613, 3616, 3617, 3618, 3619, 3625, 3626, 3626, 3627, 3628, 3628, 3628, 3629, 3739; and Africa, 886, 887, 888; empire of, 1647; independence of, 1656; first republic, 1677; WWI, 1677, 1770, 2270, 2270, 2270; textile industry, 2270; between Wars, 2270, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2273; Great Depression, 2271; Revolution of 1930, 2271; coffee industry, 2272; Estado Nôvo, 2273; WWII, 2273, 2273, 2273; post-WWII, 2273; and U.S., 3607, 3612, 3613, 3616; and Russia, 3609; student unrest, 3615, 3618; economic miracle, 3616; Plan Cruzado, 3621; Plan Cruzado II, 3621; and Asia, 3628.
Brazilian Democratic Movement, MDB
3617.
Braz Pereira Gomes, Wenceslau, Brazilian leader
2270.
Brazza, Pierre Savorgnan de, colonial administrator
1509, 1509, 1540.
Brazzaville
1540, 2554, 2569, 4320, 4434, 4447, 4447, 4447, 4447, 4448, 4452; Accords, 4321, 4321.
Brazzaville Conference
2560.
Brda region
1296.
Breakspear, Nicholas
See Adrian IV, pope.
Brecht, Bertolt, playwright
1974.
Breckinridge, John C., U.S. leader
1584.
Breda, treaties of
648, 675, 711.
Breguet, Louis, inventor
1736.
Breisach
622, 624, 656, 713.
Breisgau, France
540, 546, 653.
Breit, G., radar researcher
1736.
Breitenfeld, battle of
See Leipzig.
Bremen
410, 456, 460, 548, 685, 1781; archbishopric of, 624.
Bremer, Fredrika, writer
1076.
Brenner Pass
537, 1956, 2011, 2590.
Brennus, Gallic chieftain
226.
Brent, Margaret, Maryland colonist
937.
Brentano, Heinrich von, German leader
2992, 2998.
Brentford
592.
Brescia
537, 537, 538, 597, 607.
Breslau
486, 548, 777.
Breslau and Berlin, Treaties of
660, 661, 666, 755.
Brest
513, 521.
Brest-Litovsk
1794, 2582, 2593; treaty of, 1752, 1774, 1774, 1782, 2066, 2085, 2096, 2102; peace conference, 1772, 1774, 1774.
Brethren of the Common Life
595.
Bretigny, peace of
513, 521.
Brtislav I, prince of Bohemia
454.
Breton, André, artist
1905.
Bretton Woods Conference
1700, 2633, 2640.
Bretton Woods System
2640, 2640, 2640, 2640, 2667, 2668, 2676, 3390.
Breughel, Pieter, Dutch artist
596.
Brezhnev, Leonid I., Russian leader
2669, 2676, 3239, 3250, 3254, 3274, 3278, 3286, 3288, 3289, 3291.
Briand, Aristide, French leader
1197, 1198, 1714, 1717, 1755, 1771, 1824, 1828, 1901, 1901, 1909.
Brian of Munster, Irish leader
425.
Bridge of Dessau, battle of
618.
bridges
983, 983.
Briga, Italy
2926.
Brigantes
253.
Brihaspati
131.
Brihuega
659, 1930.
Brill
548.
Brisbane, Australia
1488, 1488, 1493, 1639, 2544.
Brisbane, Thomas
1488, 1488.
Brissac, count of, Charles de Cossé, French marshal
599.
Brissot, Jacques, French leader
1003.
Bristol
548, 924, 1159.
Bristol Fighter, British plane
1767.
Britain
37, 46, 46, 108, 110, 240, 248, 248, 248, 248, 249, 251, 253, 253, 255, 255, 261, 261, 261, 262, 265, 403, 408, 410, 421, 421, 421, 421, 421, 421, 422, 425, 488, 660, 723, 1728; island, 18, 18; WWII, 1838.
Britannia
245.
Britannicus, son of Claudius
248, 248.
British-Afghan Wars
1354, 1355.
British and Foreign School Society, Dissenters
1048.
British Anti-Slavery Squadron
1513.
British Association for the Advancement of Science
1039.
British Board of Film Censors
1840.
British Borneo
4106, 4130.
British Broadcasting Corporation, BBC
1841, 1850.
British Caribbean Territories
3756.
British Central Africa
1548.
British Central Africa Protectorate
1547.
British Coal Company
2797.
British Columbia
28, 1630, 1630, 1640, 2234, 3450.
British Commonwealth of Nations
1699, 1713, 1817, 1818, 1839, 1841, 1844, 1847, 1863, 2217, 2530, 2538, 2633, 2683, 2723, 2761, 2763, 2764, 2781, 2968, 3757, 3757, 3759, 3759, 3760, 3761, 3953, 3956, 3958, 3991, 4026, 4049, 4104, 4116, 4284, 4285, 4343, 4344, 4371, 4477; cost of WWII, 2700.
British Cotton Growing Association
2558.
British East Africa
1533, 2565.
British East Africa Company
1531, 1532, 1536.
British East India Company
841, 842; in the Philippines, 868.
British East Indies
1565.
British Electrical Authority
2761.
British Empire
959, 960, 1622.
British Grand Fleet
1741, 1795, 1795, 1809.
British Guiana
2587, 2599, 3756, 3756, 3756, 3758, 3759. See Guyana.
British Honduras
2678, 3758, 3763. See Belize.
British Indian Association
1396.
British Isles
279, 412, 421, 426, 426, 1839, 2619.
British Kaffraria
1552.
British Malaya
See Malaya.
British Ministry of Labour Committee
1852.
British Museum, London
2589.
British Nationality Act
2761.
British Navigation Acts
1629.
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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The Encyclopedia of World History
The Usborne Internet-Linked Encyclopedia of World History
ISBN: 0794503322
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 874
Authors: Jane Bingham

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