- Allersheim, battle of
- 623.
- Alley, Alphonse, Dahomean leader
- 4329.
- Allgemeines Landrecht, Prussia
- 755.
- Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo-Zaire, AFDL
- 4450, 4452, 4452.
- Alliance for Freedom, Italy
- 2948.
- Alliance for Germany, East Germany
- 3021.
- Alliance for Progress
- 3469, 3469, 3662.
- Alliance Israélite Universelle
- 1336; in Morocco, 1376.
- Alliance of Bern
- 626.
- Alliance of Cognac
- 614.
- Alliance of Free Democrats, Hungary
- 3156.
- Alliance Party
- 4104; Malaya, 4105.
- Allia River
- 226.
- Allied Army of Central America
- 1683.
- Allied Control Commission, WWII
- 1961.
- Allied Control Committee
- 2622.
- Allied Control Council
- 2982, 2983, 2985.
- Allied Council for Austria
- 3028, 3029, 3031.
- Allied High Commission
- 2991.
- Allied Military Government, A.M.G.
- 1961.
- Allied Occupation Statute
- 2708.
- Allied Supreme Council
- 2043.
- Allies
- 1472, 1699, 1699, 1700, 1702, 1708, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1738, 1741, 1742, 1742, 1743, 1743, 1743, 1743, 1743, 1743, 1744, 1754, 1755, 1758, 1758, 1759, 1759, 1759, 1763, 1767, 1769, 1769, 1769, 1769, 1769, 1773, 1778, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1780, 1781, 1781, 1781, 1782, 1784, 1784, 1787, 1788, 1788, 1788, 1788, 1790, 1795, 1806, 1806, 1818, 1818, 1823, 1826, 1894, 1895, 1934, 1941, 1973, 1973, 1974, 1974, 1976, 1976, 1978, 1983, 1994, 2000, 2023, 2023, 2036, 2064, 2064, 2067, 2067, 2067, 2068, 2084, 2086, 2089, 2097, 2097, 2099, 2114, 2144, 2242, 2270, 2320, 2320, 2320, 2322, 2325, 2434, 2462, 2530; WWII, 1900, 1918, 1919, 1933, 1940, 1960, 2012, 2159, 2173, 2238, 2339, 2344, 2493, 2529, 2532, 2532, 2533, 2533, 2557, 2563, 2563, 2570, 2597, 2597, 2608, 2608, 2609, 2609, 2614, 2615, 2617, 2617, 2617, 2618, 2618, 2618, 2619, 2619, 2619, 2619, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2621, 2627, 2627, 2627, 2627, 2629, 2629, 2631, 2631, 2632, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2638, 2640, 2640, 2707, 2708, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2714, 2727, 2731, 2838, 2887, 2925, 2982, 2984, 2986, 2986, 2987, 2992, 2996, 2997, 3010, 3015, 3029, 3030, 3030, 3265, 3273, 3274, 3838, 4189, 4223, 4224, 4320; WWII merchant tonnage, 2608; WWII losses, 2617; WWII end, 2622; Vietnam, 4269.
- All-India Congress
- 2443, 2443, 2444, 2444, 2444, 2445, 2447, 2447, 3951, 3951, 3953.
- All-India Congress Committee
- 3977.
- All-India Congress Socialist Party
- 2442.
- All-India Federation
- 2443.
- All-India Muslim League
- 2432, 2432.
- Allmohades, Berber dynasty
- 322, 322, 322, 322.
- Allouez, Claude-Jean, missionary in North America
- 921.
- All-People's Congress Party, Sierra Leone
- 4382.
- All-Russian Congress of Soviets
- 2065, 2067.
- All-Union Communist Party
- 2069.
- All-Union Congress of the Communist Party
- 2072.
- Alma Ata
- 3304, 3334.
- Almadén
- 911.
- Almagro, Diego de, Spanish explorer
- 898, 898, 898, 898, 898, 898, 899.
- Almagro the Younger, Diego de, governor of Peru
- 898.
- al-Mahdi, Abbasid caliph
- See Muhammad al-Sheik, ruler of Morocco.
- al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph
- 294, 294, 294, 294, 294, 295.
- Almamy Samori, African leader
- 1511, 1511, 1511.
- al-Mansur, Abbasid caliph
- 292, 292.
- al-Mansur Kalavun, Mamluk leader
- 319.
- Almanza, battle of
- 728.
- al-Marj
- 1392.
- Al-Marsa Convention
- 1390.
- Almazan, treaty of
- 525.
- Almeida, Antonio José de, Portuguese leader
- 1934.
- Almeida, Francisco de, governor of the Indies
- 281, 605, 830.
- Almirall, V., Catalonia leader
- 1204.
- Almohades, Berber dynasty
- 475, 475, 475, 476, 476, 476.
- Almoravids, Berber dynasty
- 321, 321, 322, 322, 344, 344, 344, 351, 352, 475, 475, 475, 476, 476, 476.
- Al Muhtadee, Bruneian leader
- 4118.
- al-Mukhtar, Umayyad challenger
- 289.
- al-Muqanna, Abbasid challenger
- 293.
- al-Muqtadir, Abbasid caliph
- 297.
- al-Mustansir, Hafsid leader
- 319, 322.
- al-Musta'sim, Abbasid caliph
- 304.
- al-Mu’tadid, Abbasid caliph
- 296.
- al-Mu’tasim, Abbasid caliph
- 294, 295.
- al-Mutawakkil, Abbasid caliph
- 294, 295.
- al-Muwaffaq, Abbasid regent
- 296.
- al-Nahda, Muslim movement
- 3946.
- al-Nasir, Abbasid caliph
- 303.
- al-Nasir Muhammad, Mamluk leader
- 319.
- Alonso, José Varela, labor leader
- 3489.
- Alonso, Severo Fernández, Latin American leader
- 1669.
- Alp Arslan, Seljuk leader
- 301, 301, 301, 500.
- alphabet
- 101, 176; Glagolitic, 483; Syriac, 800; Hebrew, 816; Korean, 856; Arabic, 1534.
- Alphonse, count of Poitou
- 451, 452.
- Alps
- 18, 31, 222, 231, 246, 403, 406, 407, 411, 411, 421, 425, 465, 537, 538, 612, 743, 1009, 1011, 1229.
- Alptigin, Samanid leader
- 300.
- al-Qabisi, theologian
- 321.
- al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph
- 300.
- al-Qudsi, Nazim, Syrian leader
- 3839, 3839.
- al-Radi, Abbaid caliph
- 297.
- al-Rafah
- 1347.
- al-Rajma Agreement, Libya
- 2430.
- al-Raydaniyya, battle of
- 792.
- Alsace
- 524, 540, 546, 546, 622, 624, 656, 713, 1059, 1188, 1234, 1769.
- Alsace-Lorraine
- 1769, 1771, 1780, 1784, 1901.
- al-Salih Ayyub, Ayybid leader
- 319.
- al-Samlali, leader of the Jazuli order
- 823.
- al-Sayyid Idris, emir in Libya
- 2430, 2430, 2431.
- al-Sayyid Umar al-Mukhtar, leader of Libyan resistance
- 2431.
- Alta California
- 904, 904.
- Altaic peoples
- 428, 430, 488.
- Altamaha River
- 938.
- Altamira
- 3623.
- Altamirano, Luis, Chilean leader
- 2245.
- Altan Khan, prince of the Ordos
- 851.
- Altar of Victory
- 268.
- alternating current
- 982.
- Althing, Iceland
- 774, 1077, 1078, 2060, 2060, 2060.
- Altieri, Emilio, cardinal
- See Clement X, pope.
- Altmark
- 411; treaty of, 633.
- Alto Adige, formerly Austrian South Tyrol
- 2937, 2939, 3029, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3036.
- Alto Douro
- 729.
- Altranstädt, treaty of
- 780.
- Altzelle, Saxony
- 443.
- A-luo-ben, Nestorian visitor to China
- 368.
- Alusian, son of John Vladislav
- 496.
- Alva, duke of, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Spanish commander
- 595, 602, 605, 609.
- Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish conquistador
- 898, 901, 902, 902, 902, 902.
- Alvarado, Salvador, Mexican commander
- 2293.
- Alvares, Francesco, Portuguese traveler in Africa
- 879.
- Alvarez, Gustavo, Honduran leader
- 3696.
- Alvarez, Jorge, explorer
- 281.
- Álvarez, Juan, Mexican leader
- 1691, 1691.
- Alvarez, Luis Alberto Monge, Costa Rican leader
- 3689.
- Alvear, Carlos Maria de, Latin American leader
- 1644.
- Alvear, Marcelo, Argentine leader
- 2242, 2243, 2243.
- Alvensleben Convention
- 1268.
- Alverstone, viscount, Richard E. Webster, British envoy
- 1613.
- Alves, Rodrigues, Brazilian leader
- 2270, 2270.
- al-Walid, Umayyad caliph
- 290.
- Alyattes, king of Lydia
- 114, 177.
- al-Yazid, sultan of Morocco
- 825.
- al-Zahir Baybars, Mamluk leader
- 319, 360, 360.
- al-Zubayr, companion to Muhammad
- 288, 289.
- Amadas, Philip, English explorer
- 924.
- Amadeo I, king of Spain
- 1202, 1202, 1202.
- Amadeus, duke of Savoy
- 567.
- Amadeus of Savoy
- See Felix V, pope.
- Amadiyya people
- 1331.
- Amakusa
- 860.
- Amal, Lebanon
- 3846, 3851, 3853.
- Amalaric, Visigoth king
- 406.
- Amalfi
- 466, 467, 471, 472, 507.
- Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers
- 1605.
- Amalgamated Society of Engineers, ASE
- 1155, 1155.
- Amal Wah, Muslim state
- 344.
- Amanullah, ruler of Afghanistan
- 2346, 2346, 2346, 2347, 2347, 2348, 2348, 2348, 2433.
- Amapala, pact of, Honduras
- 2288.
- Amaravati
- 132, 133, 133.
- Amarna Letters
- 93, 103.
- Amaro, José, Portuguese explorer
- 1507.
- Amasis, king of Egypt
- 95.
- Amasya
- 312, 795, 795, 1328.
- Amatera-su
- 167.
- Amati, Niccolò, Italian violinmaker
- 735.
- Amato, Giuliano, Italian leader
- 2952, 2952.
- Amaziah, king of Judah
- 105, 105.
- Amazon River
- 34, 61, 570, 573, 898, 915, 916, 916, 1670, 1677, 1677, 2264, 3552, 3553, 3569, 3571, 3571, 3572, 3617, 3622, 3622, 3624, 3627.
- Amba Alagi, battle of
- 1222.
- Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji, Indian leader
- 2441, 3956.
- Amberg
- 1009.
- Ambhi, king of Taxila
- 207.
- Amboina
- 840, 841, 2627.
- Ambracia
- 205.
- Ambrona
- 22.
- Ambrose, bishop of Milan
- 268, 401.
- Amda-Siyon, Ethiopian ruler
- 360.
- Amedo Development Corporation, Brunei
- 4118.
- Ameixal, battle of
- 727.
- Amenemhet I, king of Egypt
- 92, 92.
- Amenemhet III, king of Egypt
- 92.
- Amenophis I, Amenhotep
- 90, 93, 93, 93, 103.
- Amenophis III, king of Egypt
- 86, 93, 98.
- Amenophis IV, Akhenaten
- 86, 93.
- America
- 605, 674, 909; as name of the Western Hemisphere, 573; commemoration of discovery, 2907.
- American Anti-Slavery Society
- 1575.
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- 1039.
- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
- 1476, 1514.
- American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU
- 2190.
- American Colonization Society, ACS
- 1514, 1573.
- American Common Market
- 2696.
- American Equal Rights Association
- 1592.
- American Federation of Labor, AFL
- 1598, 1602, 1605, 1639, 2187, 2189, 2295, 3400.
- American Friends Service Committee
- 1701.
- American Indian Defense Association
- 2201.
- American Indian Movement, AIM
- 2670, 3415, 3418, 3424.
- American League of Baseball Clubs
- 1610.
- American Peace Society
- 1574.
- American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, APRA
- 2259, 2260, 2260, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 3552.
- American Protective Association
- 1602.
- American Railway Union
- 1605, 1611.
- American Red Cross Society
- 1600.
- American Revolution
- 579, 717, 725, 789, 907, 941, 946, 957, 1622, 1622, 1623, 1643.
- Americans for Democratic Action, ADA
- 3391.
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- 3439.
- American Telephone and Telegraph Company, AT&T
- 3407, 3427, 3458.
- American Tobacco Company
- 1618.
- American Trading Company of Borneo
- 1413, 1413.
- American University
- 3408.
- American University of Beirut
- 1337.
- American Watch Tower movement
- 4432.
- Americas
- 14, 18, 28, 28, 28, 33, 34, 35, 40, 53, 281, 570, 570, 579, 579, 579, 582, 584, 584, 584, 584, 601, 602, 602, 603, 604, 604, 609, 609, 613, 615, 644, 851, 864, 869, 869, 869, 869, 869, 869, 892, 892, 894, 894, 906, 908, 908, 908, 909, 911, 912, 919, 919, 923, 953, 1034, 1335, 1346, 1506, 1506, 1506, 1516, 1574, 1603, 1614, 2206, 3443; European invasions, 570; and Africa, 888; diplomacy, 2238, 3466.
- Amerindians
- 869, 920.
- Ames, Hubert Brown, sociologist
- 1638.
- Amhara, Ethiopia
- 4397.
- Amherst, Jeffrey, British commander
- 940.
- Amherst, earl of, William Pitt, governor-general of India
- 1394, 1415.
- Amida
- 273, 274, 275.
- Amidism
- 387, 396.
- Amiens
- 404, 449; cathedral, 452; treaties, 726, 810, 907, 1018, 1410, 1549; battle of, 1812.
- Amin, Hafizullah, Afghan leader
- 3833, 3833.
- Amin, Idi, Ugandan leader
- 4426, 4429, 4429, 4429, 4429, 4429.
- Amir, Abd al-Hakim, Egyptian leader
- 3905.
- Amir, Yigal, assassin
- 3864.
- Amir Habibullah, emir of Afghanistan
- 2346.
- Amir Haydar Shihab, commander
- 806.
- Amirids of Valencia
- 475.
- Amir Khusrav, poet
- 332.
- Amir Masum al-Bhakkari, Mughal envoy
- 814.
- Amirthalingam, Appapillai, Sri Lankan leader
- 4033, 4036.
- Amis du Manifeste de la Liberté, AML
- 2424, 2425.
- Amitabha
- See Amituofuo.
- Amituofuo
- 158.
- Amjazade Huseyin Pasha, grand vezir
- 804, 805.
- Amman
- 2396, 2397, 2398; summit, 3780; University of, 3873.
- Ammannoteyeriké
- 99.
- Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman soldier and historian
- 260.
- Ammiditana, king of Babylon
- 85.
- Ammisaduqa, king of Babylon
- 85.
- Ammon
- 206.
- Ammonites
- 104.
- amnesty
- 1591.
- Amnesty International
- 2641, 3184, 3239.
- Amoafo, battle of
- 1516.
- Amoghavarsha I, ruler of India
- 327.
- Amon, king of Judah
- 105, 105.
- Amorion
- 295, 434.
- Amorites
- 84, 84, 85, 85, 85, 85, 92, 102, 102, 103, 103, 104, 113, 122.
- Amos, biblical figure
- 105.
- Amosis, king of Egypt
- 93.
- Amoy
- 852, 1416, 1451, 4150. See Xiamen.
- Ampère, André-Marie, scientist
- 1039.
- Amphictyonic Council
- 203, 203, 204, 205, 205, 205.
- Amphictyonic League
- 204.
- Amphictyony of Anthela, Greek religious league
- 182, 182.
- Amphilochia
- 168.
- Amphipolis
- 194, 196, 203, 203.
- Amphissa
- 205, 205, 205.
- Ampíes, Juan de, Spanish explorer
- 897.
- Ampúes
- See Juan de ~Ampíes, Spanish explorer.
- Amr, Saffarid leader
- 295.
- Amr al-Jahiz, writer
- 295.
- Amr ibn al-As, Muslim commander
- 287.
- Amritsar
- 2433; treaty of, 1394; massacre, 2433.
- Amsterdam
- 596, 650, 703, 926, 1057, 1059, 1174, 1701, 2648; Treaty of, 3052.
- Amsuvarman, king of Nepal
- 324.
- Amundsen, Roald, Norwegian explorer
- 997, 997, 997.
- Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
- 998.
- Amur River
- 160, 784, 852, 955, 1259, 1259, 1417, 1424.
- Amurru
- See Amorites.
- Amursana, Dzungar prince
- 853.
- Amuzgar, Jamshid, Iranian leader
- 3819.
- Amyntas I, king of Macedonia
- 183, 200.
- Amyrtaeus, king of Egypt
- 95.
- Anabaptists
- 614, 615, 621.
- Anacletus II, antipope
- 456, 468, 471.
- Anaconda Company
- 3510, 3512.
- Anacreon, Greek poet
- 176.
- Anagni
- 453, 470, 531.
- Anahillapura, Anandapura
- 325, 325.
- Ananda Mahidol, king of Siam
- 2452, 4064.
- Anand Panyarachun, Thai leader
- 4071, 4072.
- Anantavarman Codaganga, ruler of India
- 337.
- anarchism
- 1143; France, 1061, 1193; 1800–1914, 1143, 1145; Belgium, 1172; Spain, 1202, 1920; Italy, 1221, 1222; Russia, 1260; the U.S., 1602; Latin America, 1661.
- Anarcho-Syndicalists, Spain
- 1927, 1927, 1929, 1929, 1930.
- Anasazi
- 40, 280.
- Anastasius I, Byzantine emperor
- 270, 270, 407.
- Anatolia
- 42, 46, 67, 84, 85, 86, 87, 101, 102, 111, 112, 113, 113, 113, 124, 233, 239, 245, 262, 275, 275, 281, 281, 293, 299, 299, 299, 300, 300, 301, 301, 301, 302, 303, 303, 303, 305, 305, 305, 305, 305, 306, 306, 306, 306, 306, 306, 307, 307, 307, 307, 307, 308, 308, 308, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 310, 310, 310, 311, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 313, 313, 313, 314, 314, 314, 315, 315, 315, 315, 316, 318, 319, 323, 428, 430, 430, 431, 431, 431, 431, 431, 432, 434, 438, 438, 498, 500, 500, 501, 501, 501, 501, 502, 503, 508, 508, 508, 508, 508, 509, 510, 564, 791, 792, 792, 793, 799, 799, 800, 800, 800, 803, 807, 812, 812, 812, 966, 1120, 1328, 1329, 1331, 1333, 1337, 1337, 1343, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1346, 1346, 1347, 1347, 1367, 1385, 1708, 1817, 1817, 2144, 2144, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2321, 2321, 2321, 2322, 2322, 2322, 2323, 2325, 3782, 3787, 3795; makeup, 301; and Ottoman Empire, 1328; WWI, 1749, 1752, 1788, 1788.
- anatomy
- 637, 639, 1041, 1041.
- Anawrata, ruler of Burma
- 341, 341, 341.
- Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher
- 186.
- Anaxandridas, king of Sparta
- 179.
- Anaximander, Greek philosopher
- 176, 177.
- Anaximenes, Greek philosopher
- 176, 177.
- An Ch'ang-ho, Korean leader
- 2488, 2489.
- Anchialus, battles of
- 432, 436, 439, 439, 441.
- An Chung-gn, assassin
- 2488.
- An Chung-gn, Korean leader
- 1436.
- Ancient Learning, school of Japanese thought
- 859.
- Ancón, treaty of
- 1663, 1670.
- Ancona
- 222, 408, 408, 469, 502, 502, 532, 1068, 1225, 2618.
- Ancus Marcius, legendary king of Rome
- 224.
- Ancyra
- 213, 501, 510.
- Andagoya, Pascual de, Spanish explorer
- 898.
- Andalusia
- 321, 322, 476, 718, 908, 1028, 1202, 2899.
- Andanson, Michel, explorer in Africa
- 876.
- Andean civilization
- 276.
- Andernach
- 1009.
- Andersen, Hans Christian, writer
- 1077.
- Anderson, J. W., engineer
- 1734.
- Anderson, Sherwood, writer
- 2191.
- Andes Mountains
- 7, 34, 40, 40, 40, 41, 56, 56, 56, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 63, 65, 65, 280, 570, 570, 897, 898, 1648, 1650, 1670, 1675, 2600.
- Andhrabhrityas
- 133.
- Andhra dynasty
- 132, 133.
- Andhra Teluga
- 132.
- Andong
- 2473.
- Andorra
- 2636.
- Andrada e Silva, José Bonifácio de, Brazilian leader
- 1656, 1656.
- Andrade, Ignacio, Latin American leader
- 1675.
- Andrade, José M., Guatemalan leader
- 2278.
- Andrade, Oswald de, writer
- 2241.
- Andrássy, Julius
- 1104, 1105, 1106, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1108, 1778.
- André, John, British spy
- 951.
- Andreotti, Giulio, Italian leader
- 2942, 2944, 2946.
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