- Young Ireland Movement
- 1051.
- Young Italy society
- 1051, 1068.
- Young Kikuyu Association
- 2566.
- Young Maori Party, New Zealand
- 1504.
- Young Men's Buddhist Association, Burma
- 1404, 2448.
- Young Men's Muslim Association
- 2358.
- Young Norway Party
- 1247.
- Young Ottomans
- 1336, 1339.
- Young Plan, for German debt and reparations moratorium
- 1718, 1718, 1721, 1814, 1828, 1982.
- Young Pretender
- See Charles Edward (the Young Pretender), son of James Edward (the Old Pretender).
- Youngstown Sheet Steel and Tube Company
- 2206.
- Young Tunisians
- 1390, 1391, 1391.
- Young Turks
- 955, 957, 978, 1326, 1342, 1346, 1346, 1347, 1347, 1348, 1348, 1348, 1348, 1393.
- Y Un-hyng, Korean leader
- 4189, 4196.
- Yourcenar, Marguerite, writer
- 2869.
- Yousef, Muhammad, Afghan leader
- 3832, 3832.
- Youth Movement, Nazi Germany
- 1986.
- Ypres
- 653, 653, 1738; battles of, 1738, 1738, 1755, 1789, 1791, 1801, 1801, 1812, 1812.
- Ypsilanti, Alexander, Moldavian leader
- 1272, 1272, 1311.
- Yrigoyen, Hipólito, Argentine leader
- 1660, 2242, 2242, 2242, 2242.
- Yser, battle of
- 1789.
- Yu, Chinese ruler
- 138.
- Yuan dynasty
- 281, 281, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 851, 851, 851, 851, 854.
- Yuan Shikai, Hongxian
- 1419, 1424, 1424, 1425, 1425, 1425, 1426, 1426, 1427, 1427, 1427, 1427, 1427, 1428, 1430, 1431, 2460, 2460, 2461, 2461, 2462, 2465.
- Yuanyou, Chinese emperor
- 372, 372.
- Yucatán Peninsula
- 55, 55, 280, 570, 570, 573, 573, 901, 902, 902, 902, 911, 961, 1687, 1689, 1690, 2293, 2297.
- Yudenitch, Nicholas, Russian counterrevolutionary
- 2067.
- Yue Fei, Chinese leader
- 372.
- Yüeh-chih tribes
- 130.
- Yuezhi people
- 154, 216, 217.
- Yugoslavia
- 1244, 1285, 1708, 1723, 1779, 1817, 1818, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1823, 1825, 1825, 1826, 1831, 1833, 1834, 1943, 1943, 1999, 2008, 2025, 2028, 2034, 2116, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2131, 2131, 2134, 2134, 2134, 2134, 2135, 2135, 2136, 2136, 2138, 2139, 2142, 2160, 2169, 2172, 2332, 2636, 2637, 2637, 2638, 2644, 2654, 2696, 2700, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2710, 2712, 2713, 2713, 2713, 2714, 2714, 2714, 2717, 2718, 2731, 2738, 2754, 2756, 2757, 2802, 2885, 2925, 2931, 2932, 2997, 3000, 3026, 3030, 3093, 3147, 3152, 3163, 3164, 3177, 3177, 3199, 3199, 3199, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3213, 3235, 3236, 3246, 3248, 3250, 3251, 3264, 3370, 3439, 4177, 4436; WWI, 1778, 1778, 1778, 1784, 1787; independence, 1779, 1785, 1786; tensions of new state, 2127; Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 2127; makeup, 2127; Great Depression, 2132; invasion by Germany, 2134; WWII, 2135, 2591, 2591, 2591, 2597; WWII settlement, 2635; breakup, 2686, 2687, 2688; post-WWII, 3164, 3166, 3166, 3166; Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, 3164; Titoist, 3167, 3167, 3167, 3167, 3167, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3171, 3172, 3172, 3173, 3173, 3174, 3174; Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 3172; post-Tito, 3175, 3175, 3176, 3176, 3176, 3176, 3177, 3177; disintegration, 3177, 3177, 3177, 3178, 3178, 3178, 3178, 3178, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3180, 3181, 3181, 3182, 3182, 3185, 3190, 3190, 3193, 3194, 3197; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 3178.
- Yugoslav League of Communists
- 3176.
- Yugoslav National Council
- 1779.
- Yugoslav Radical Union
- 2134.
- Yugov, Anton, Bulgarian leader
- 3238.
- Yu Hyng-wn, Korean scholar
- 856.
- Yukichi, Fukuzawa, Japanese educator
- 1446, 1450.
- Yu Kil-chun, Korean scholar
- 1436.
- Yukinaga, Konishi, Japanese commander
- 858.
- Yukon Territory
- 3457.
- Yun Ch'i-ho, Korean leader
- 2488.
- Yundum Egg Scheme
- 4324.
- Yungang grottoes
- 158.
- Yungay, battle of
- 1662, 1668, 1670.
- Yung Wing, Chinese educator
- 1418.
- Yunnan
- 341, 342, 852, 1409, 1417, 1418, 1423, 1473, 2461, 2480.
- Yun Po-sn, Korean leader
- 4201, 4202.
- Yunus, Berber leader
- 295.
- Yunus Emre, poet
- 306.
- Yuri, rival of Basil II
- 558.
- Yurimagua
- 916.
- Yushij, Nima, poet
- 2341, 3817.
- Yu Sng-nyong, Korean philosopher
- 856.
- Yuste, monastery of
- 615.
- Yusuf Adil Shah, sultan of Bijapur
- 830.
- Yusuf al-Sim’ani, Lebanese librarian at the Vatican
- 808.
- Yusuf ibn Taghribirdi, historian
- 320.
- Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Almoravid leader
- 476.
- Yusuf Nabi, Ottoman scholar
- 806.
- Yusuf Pasha Qaramanli, ruler of Libya
- 1392, 1392, 1392, 1392, 1392.
- Yusupov, Felix
- 2063.
- Yuxian, Chinese official
- 1424, 1424.
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- Za'atsha
- 1382.
- Zabid
- 794, 796.
- Zacatecas, silver mines of
- 602, 903, 911.
- Zacynthos
- 168.
- Zafikasimambo
- 892.
- Zafy, Albert, Madagascan leader
- 4492.
- Zaghlul Pasha Saad, Egyptian leader
- 2352, 2358.
- Zagreb
- 1779, 2130, 3174, 3176.
- Zagros Mountains
- 36, 36, 82, 84, 85, 86, 120, 122, 300.
- Zagwe dynasty
- 360, 360.
- Zahdi, Fazlallah, Iranian leader
- 3816.
- Zahir al-Umar, sheik of Galilee
- 807, 808, 809.
- Zahiriyya Mosque
- 2371.
- Zahir Shah, Muhammad, king of Afghanistan
- 2350, 3832, 3833.
- zaibatsu conglomerates, Japan
- 2507.
- Zaimis, Alexander, Greek leader
- 1743, 1744, 1758, 1759, 2150, 2151, 2154.
- Zain-ul-Abidin, ruler of India
- 334.
- Zaionczek, Josef, viceroy of Poland
- 1267.
- Zaire
- 363, 885, 1538, 2636, 4410, 4413, 4420, 4421, 4422, 4422, 4423, 4434, 4436, 4437, 4442, 4443, 4449, 4450, 4450, 4450, 4450, 4450, 4450, 4450, 4450, 4451, 4451, 4452, 4452, 4452, 4452, 4452; and Canada, 3461. See Belgian Congo; Congo.
- Zaire River
- 869.
- Zaki, Ahmed, Maldivian leader
- 4042.
- Zakir, king of Hamath
- 106.
- Zak River
- 1549.
- Zaldívar, Rafael, Latin American leader
- 1682.
- Zalewski, Maciej, Polish leader
- 3113.
- Zallaka, battle of
- 475, 476.
- Zamana Mesafent, Ethiopia
- 1522.
- Zaman Shah, ruler of Afghanistan
- 819.
- Zamasp, king of Persia
- 273.
- Zambezi
- 888, 888, 888, 889, 889, 1546, 1546, 1548, 1768, 2572.
- Zambezi River
- 29, 38, 45, 45, 364, 364, 888, 888, 888, 889, 1507, 1507, 1508, 1508, 1508, 1546, 1547, 4476.
- Zambia
- 1538, 1546, 2661, 2667, 2686, 2697, 4320, 4327, 4360, 4438, 4450, 4450, 4454, 4455, 4457, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4465, 4467; independence, 4410, 4465.
- Zambian African Congress Party
- 4456.
- Zamboanga
- 867, 867, 867.
- Zamfara
- 1510.
- Zamindars
- 836.
- Zamora, treaty of
- 480.
- Zamora, Alcalá, Spanish leader
- 1925, 1925, 1929.
- Zamora, Mario, Salvadoran leader
- 3667.
- Zamora, Niceto Alcalá, Spanish leader
- 1925.
- Zamosc-Komarov, battle of
- 1739, 1792.
- Zamoysky, Andrezej, Polish leader
- 781.
- Zañartu, Federico Errázuriz, Latin American leader
- 1663.
- Zanata Berbers
- 292, 292, 293, 321.
- Zand, Persian tribe
- 817, 818.
- Zand dynasty
- 1349.
- Zangid dynasty
- 302.
- Zanj
- 296, 362.
- Zanjan
- 297.
- Zanzibar
- 362, 362, 882, 882, 882, 1528, 1528, 1528, 1528, 1529, 1529, 1529, 1529, 1529, 1529, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1531, 1531, 1532, 1540, 4408, 4426, 4427; independence, 4426; United Republic of Tanzania, 4426. See Tanzania.
- Zanzibar Legislative Council
- 4408, 4408.
- Zanzibar Party
- 4426.
- Zapata, Emiliano, Mexican leader
- 2290, 2290, 2292, 2292, 2292, 2296, 2297.
- Zapatista Army for National Liberation, EZLN
- See Zapatistas.
- Zapatistas
- 3701, 3708, 3708, 3709, 3709, 3711, 3712.
- Zápolya, Stephen, Szapolyai
- 635, 635.
- Zapotocky, Antonin, Czech leader
- 3126, 3127, 3128.
- Zara
- 507, 563, 1817.
- Zaragosa
- 2904.
- Zarathustra
- See Zoroaster.
- Zaria, Africa
- 1510.
- Zarya, space station module
- 2705.
- Zavala, Joaquín, Latin American leader
- 1683.
- Zawardzki, Aleksander, Polish leader
- 3098.
- Zawaya
- 870.
- Zawditu, Judith
- 2561, 2561.
- Zawiya, Morocco
- 2419.
- Zayas, Alfredo, Cuban leader
- 2301, 2302.
- Zayd, Sheik, ruler of Abu Dhabi
- 3897, 3897.
- Zaydan, sultan of Morocco
- 823.
- Zaydani family
- 807.
- Zayd ibn Ali, Shi’ite imam
- 291.
- Zaydis, people of Yemen
- 794, 796, 799, 801.
- Zaydi Shi’ism
- 291, 296.
- Zaydi tribes, South Yemen
- 3891.
- Zayrids of Granada
- 475.
- Zaytuna mosque, Tunisia
- 1387, 1390, 1391, 1391, 1391.
- Zayyanid dynasty
- 322, 323.
- Zazzau
- 355.
- Zbigniew, brother of Boleslav III of Poland
- 486.
- Zealand
- 524, 768.
- Zeami, dramatist
- 396.
- Zechariah, king of Israel
- 105, 105.
- Zedekiah, king of Judah
- 88, 105.
- Zedillo Ponce de León, Ernesto, Mexican leader
- 3708, 3709, 3710, 3712, 4118.
- Zedlitz-Trützschler, count, Prussian leader
- 1237.
- Zeebrugge, taken by British
- 1811, 1813.
- Zeekse River
- 891.
- Zeeland
- 551, 595, 595, 595.
- Zeeland, Paul Van, Belgian leader
- 1888, 1890.
- Zeidler, Othmar, chemist
- 1735.
- Mihdar, Zein Al-Abidine al-, Yemenite leader
- 3895.
- Zeitz
- 416.
- Zela
- 241.
- Zeledón, Benjamín, Latin American leader
- 1684.
- Zelenograd
- 3298.
- Zeligowski, Lucien, Polish commander
- 1817, 2087, 2088.
- Zeman, Milo, Czech leader
- 3139.
- Zemgalis, Gustav, Latvian leader
- 2100.
- Zemlin, Zemun
- 1792.
- Zemstvo Law, Russia
- 1259.
- zemstvos, Russia
- 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1262, 1266, 1268.
- Zenawi, Meles, Ethiopian leader
- 4397.
- Zen Buddhism
- 158, 378, 393, 394, 395, 396, 396, 857, 859.
- Zenger, John Peter, printer
- 935.
- Zeng Guofan, Chinese leader
- 1417, 1417, 1417, 1418, 1425.
- Zeng Guoquan, Chinese leader
- 1417.
- Zeng Jize, Chinese official
- 1418, 1420.
- Zenj
- 343.
- Zeno, Greek philosopher
- 208.
- Zenobia, Syrian queen
- 257, 258, 258, 272.
- Zenobia of Palmyra
- 272.
- Zenodotus, Alexandrian scholar
- 208.
- Zenon, archive
- 208.
- Zeno the Isaurian, Roman emperor in the East
- 269, 269, 269, 269, 269, 269, 270, 407.
- Zenta
- 804.
- Zeppelin, airship
- 1765, 1767.
- Zeppelin, Ferdinand von
- 990.
- Zera-Yakob, Ethiopian ruler
- 361.
- Zerbo, Saye, Upper Voltan leader
- 4330.
- Zermelo, Ernst, mathematician
- 1149.
- Zeroual, Liamine, Algerian leader
- 3937, 3938, 3938.
- Zerubbabel, governor of Judah
- 105.
- Zeta
- 494, 562, 563.
- Zeytun
- 1346.
- Zhabei
- 2473.
- Zhang Binglin, Chinese scholar
- 1425.
- Zhangdi, Chinese emperor
- 155, 155.
- Zhang Fei, Chinese soldier
- 156.
- Zhanggufeng Hill
- 2480.
- Zhang Guotao, Chinese leader
- 2463, 2476, 2481.
- Zhangjiakou
- 2479.
- Zhang Juzheng, Chinese official
- 851.
- Zhang Luoxing, Chinese leader
- 1417.
- Zhang Qian, Chinese commander
- 154, 154.
- Zhang Xuecheng, Chinese historiographer
- 854.
- Zhang Xueliang, Chinese leader
- 2470, 2477.
- Zhang Xun, Chinese leader
- 2462, 2462.
- Zhang Zai, scholar
- 373.
- Zhang Zhidong, Chinese official
- 1420, 1423, 1424, 1424, 1425, 1425.
- Zhang Zuolin, Chinese leader
- 2469, 2470, 2470, 2508.
- Zhanjiang
- 969.
- Zhao dynasty
- 139, 139, 143, 152, 157, 371.
- Zhao Kuangyin, Chinese emperor
- 371, 371.
- Zhao Mengfu, artist
- 375.
- Zhao Rugua, scientist
- 375.
- Zhao Ziyang, Chinese leader
- 4165, 4166, 4167.
- Zhdanov, Andrei, Russian leader
- 3263.
- Zhejiang
- 158, 1424.
- Zhelev, Zhelyu, Bulgarian leader
- 3241, 3244.
- Zheng, Taiwanese family
- 852.
- Zheng Chenggong, Taiwanese leader
- 852.
- Zhengjiadun
- 2496.
- Zheng Jing, Taiwanese leader
- 852.
- Zheng Keshuang, Taiwanese leader
- 852.
- Zheng Xuan, Chinese scholar
- 156.
- Zheng Zhilong, Taiwanese leader
- 852.
- Zhenjiang
- 1416.
- Zhenpan
- 160, 160.
- Zhetev, Zhelyn, Bulgarian leader
- 3243.
- Zhili
- 1424.
- Zhirinovsky, Vladimir Volfrovich, Russian leader
- 3364.
- Zhitomir, battle of
- 2596.
- Zhivkov, Todor, Bulgarian leader
- 3238, 3238, 3239, 3239, 3239, 3239, 3244.
- Zhiyi, Buddhist teacher
- 158, 378.
- Zhizo people
- 349.
- Zhou, duke of
- 138, 140, 141, 368.
- Zhou Dunyi, scholar
- 373.
- Zhou dynasties
- 66, 67, 68, 72, 138, 139, 140, 152, 152, 153, 153, 153, 153, 155, 156, 373, 859.
- Enlai, Zhou, Chinese leader
- 2465, 2466, 2477, 2654, 4028, 4056, 4144, 4146, 4146, 4147, 4147, 4148, 4151, 4152, 4153, 4154, 4154, 4156, 4157, 4158, 4160, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4239, 4256.
- Zhoukoudian Cave, China
- 20, 138.
- Zhouli, Rites of Zhou
- 138, 152.
- Zhoushan Island
- 1416.
- Zhuangzi, Chinese philosopher
- 146, 158.
- Zhu De, Chinese leader
- 2469, 2471, 2486, 4156, 4161.
- Zhuge Liang, Chinese soldier
- 156.
- Zhukov, Gregory K., Russian commander
- 2622, 3261, 3269, 3271.
- Zhu Rongji, Chinese leader
- 4176, 4176.
- Zhu Shunsui, Chinese scholar
- 860.
- Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor
- 369, 369.
- Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher
- 580.
- Zhu Xi, Korean philosopher
- 855, 856, 859.
- Zhu Xi, scholar
- 283, 373, 373.
- Zhu Yigui, leader of revolt in Taiwan
- 852.
- Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu
- 376, 376.
- Zhu-Zhu Empire
- 402.
- Zia, Begum Khaleda, Bangladeshi leader
- 4024, 4025, 4025.
- Zia ud-Din, Iranian leader
- 2336.
- Zia ul-Huq, Pakistani leader
- 4006, 4006, 4007, 4008, 4008, 4008, 4008, 4009, 4010, 4011, 4011.
- Ziban
- 1382.
- ziggurats
- 62, 83, 84, 84, 85.
- Zimbabwe
- 349, 349, 362, 364, 889, 889, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1553, 2674, 2677, 2682, 2697, 2697, 4400, 4410, 4434, 4438, 4443, 4444, 4453, 4453, 4456, 4456, 4457, 4457, 4457, 4462, 4462, 4462, 4465, 4466, 4467, 4468, 4468, 4469, 4469; independence, 4320, 4467; Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, 4467.
- Zimbabwe African People's Revolutionary Army, ZIPRA
- 4467.
- Zimbabwean African National Liberation Army, ZANLA
- 4466, 4466.
- Zimbabwean African National Union, ZANU
- 2677, 4466, 4466, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467.
- Zimbabwean African National Union-Patriotic Front, ZANU-PF
- 4467.
- Zimbabwean African People's Union, ZAPU
- 4466, 4466, 4466, 4466, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467.
- Zimbabwean War
- 4467.
- Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, ZCTU
- 4456, 4468.
- Zimmermann, Arthur von, German leader
- 1770.
- Zimmermann note, revealed German plans against U.S.
- 1770.
- Zimri-lim, king of Mari
- 102.
- Zinjanthropus boisei
- 19.
- Zinoviev, Gregory E., Russian leader
- 1703, 1842, 2064, 2070, 2072, 2075, 2076.
- Zionism
- 1176, 1229, 1346, 1347.
- Zionists
- 1701, 2373, 2385, 2386, 2386, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2391, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2394, 2394, 2648, 3769, 3854, 3855, 3855, 3856, 3856, 3858; Congress, 1701.
- Zips region
- 492.
- Zirid dynasty
- 321, 321, 321, 321.
- Ziska, John, Bohemian general
- 544, 555.
- Ziyadat Allah I, Aghlabid leader
- 293.
- Ziyad ibn Abihi, governor of Kufa
- 289.
- Gökalp, Ziya, folklorist
- 1348.
- Ziya Pasha, leader of Young Ottomans
- 1336.
- Ziyarid dynasty
- 297.
- Zlatev, Petko, Bulgarian leader
- 2167.
- Zobah
- 104, 106.
- Zoblocki, Francis, Polish playwright
- 782.
- Zoë, Byzantine empress
- 436, 441, 498, 498, 498, 499, 499, 499.
- Zoë, Sophia
- 558.
- Zog I, king of Albania
- 2137, 2137, 2137, 2140, 2140, 2141, 2141, 2142, 2143.
- Zola, Émile, writer
- 1146, 1195.
- Zollverein, German customs union
- 1072, 1073.
- Zolotas, Zenophon, Greek leader
- 3226.
- zones of occupation
- 2622.
- Zongli Yamen, Chinese foreign office
- 1417, 1459.
- “zoot suit” riots
- 2214.
- Zorawno, treaty of
- 803.
- Zorndorf, battle of
- 663.
- Zoroaster
- 68, 121, 123.
- Zoroastrianism
- 68, 117, 121, 216, 271, 271, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274, 274, 279, 285, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 292, 1350; in Iran, 816, 1351; in India, 832.
- Zou
- 142.
- Zou Rong, writer
- 1424, 1425.
- Zrinyi, Nicholas, Hungarian soldier and poet
- 616, 636.
- Zubatov, Sergei Vasilyevich, Russian official
- 1262.
- Zubeyde Fitnat Hanim, Ottoman poet
- 809.
- Zug
- 546, 625, 625, 1070.
- Zululand
- 1551, 1556, 1557, 1558.
- Zulus
- 891, 1506, 1550, 1550, 1550, 1551, 1551, 1551, 1552, 1555, 1556, 1558, 4483.
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