- Monzaemon, Chikamatsu, Japanese playwright
- 861.
- Monzón, Elfego, Guatemalan leader
- 3649.
- Moore, John
- 1027.
- Moors
- 257, 332, 476, 476, 477, 528, 528, 529, 605, 870, 871, 908, 910, 1199; in Spain, 420, 476, 476, 476, 477, 479, 479, 480; in Portugal, 480, 480.
- Moplahs, Muslims on Malabar
- 2435.
- Moqui Indians
- 903.
- Mora, José María Luis, Mexican leader
- 1687.
- Mora, Juan Rafael, Latin American leader
- 1683, 1685.
- Morais Barros, Prudente de, Latin American leader
- 1677.
- Morales, Agustín, Latin American leader
- 1668.
- morality plays
- 594.
- Moral Majority, U.S.
- 3427.
- Morat
- 524, 546.
- Moratorium Day
- 3417, 3418.
- Moravia
- 258, 415, 434, 482, 483, 486, 486, 491, 540, 544, 561, 613, 622, 663, 1073, 1089, 1835, 2013, 2021, 2021; occupation by Germany, 1992.
- Moravska Ostrava, skirimish at
- 1835.
- Morazán, Francisco, Latin American leader
- 1680, 1680, 1680, 1680, 1685, 1686.
- More, Thomas
- 586, 586, 594.
- Morea
- 313, 314, 315, 473, 564, 568, 568, 569, 569, 745, 793, 804, 805, 806, 808, 1272, 1272, 1274, 1328, 1367.
- Moreau, Jean Victor, French soldier
- 1009, 1015, 1016.
- Morel, Edward D., reformer
- 1544.
- Morelos
- 2290.
- Morelos y Pavón, José Maria, Mexican leader
- 957, 1653, 1653, 1653.
- Moreno, Alfredo Baquerizo, Ecuadorian leader
- 2264.
- Moreno, Mariano, Latin American leader
- 1644, 1644.
- Moresby, Capt. John
- 1494.
- Moresnet
- 1784, 1882.
- Moret, Sigismondo, Spanish leader
- 1204.
- Moret Law, Spain
- 1693.
- Moreton Bay
- 1488.
- Morgagni, Giovanni, scientist
- 647.
- Morgan, Thomas H., zoologist
- 1154.
- Morgarten, battle of
- 546.
- Morgentaler, Henry, physician
- 3456.
- Morier, James, writer
- 1349.
- Mri family
- 857.
- Morinaga, son of Godaigo
- 395.
- Morinigo, Higenio, Paraguayan leader
- 3522, 3522.
- Moriscos, converted Muslims in Spain
- 603, 823; in North Africa, 827.
- Mori Yoshiro, Japanese leader
- 4252, 4252.
- Morley, Edward, physicist
- 1148.
- Mormon Church
- 1575.
- Mornington, lord, Richard Wellesley, governor-general of India
- 1394, 1394.
- Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph de, duke of
- 1085.
- Moro, Aldo, Italian leader
- 2938, 2938, 2943.
- Moro, Ludovico, ruler of Milan
- 597.
- Moroccan-Tunisian Railway
- 2421.
- Morocco
- 285, 292, 292, 293, 297, 321, 321, 321, 322, 322, 322, 323, 323, 323, 323, 323, 344, 351, 419, 475, 475, 476, 791, 822, 822, 822, 822, 822, 822, 822, 822, 823, 823, 823, 823, 823, 823, 823, 823, 824, 824, 824, 824, 824, 824, 824, 825, 825, 825, 826, 829, 870, 870, 870, 871, 954, 971, 971, 975, 976, 976, 978, 978, 979, 979, 979, 1125, 1126, 1128, 1129, 1129, 1129, 1130, 1135, 1135, 1135, 1135, 1135, 1135, 1196, 1198, 1199, 1204, 1205, 1225, 1375, 1375, 1375, 1375, 1375, 1376, 1376, 1376, 1376, 1377, 1377, 1377, 1377, 1378, 1378, 1378, 1378, 1378, 1381, 1382, 1382, 1393, 1824, 1932, 2317, 2370, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2422, 2422, 2636, 2640, 2668, 2680, 2680, 2847, 2848, 2891, 2906, 3769, 3785, 3919, 3919, 3919, 3919, 3920, 3920, 3920, 3920, 3921, 3921, 3924, 3924, 3924, 3927, 4364, 4452; relations with France, 824; treaty with Great Britain, 824; treaty with the United States, 825; conference of 1906, 1129; and Great Britain, 1375; and Algeria, 1375, 1376; war with France, 1376; wars with Spain, 1376, 1377; and France, 1376, 2417, 2417, 2418, 2418, 2418, 2419, 2419, 2421, 3919, 3919, 3919, 3920; and French protectorate, 1379, 1379, 1379; and Tunisia, 1387; and Spain, 1920, 1921, 1929, 2418, 2418, 2418, 2420, 3920; WWII, 2614, 2615; war in western Sahara, 3768; French, 3919; Spanish, 3919; independence, 3920.
- Moro Islamic National Liberation Front, Philippines
- 4291, 4293, 4294.
- Morones, Luis N., Mexican leader
- 2295.
- Moronobu, Hishikawa, Japanese artist
- 861.
- Morosini, Pier, patriarch of Constantinople
- 508.
- Morotai
- 2630.
- Morrill Act, U.S.
- 1586, 1587.
- Morris, Edward
- 2235.
- Morris, Edward P.
- 1641.
- Morris, Robert, American leader
- 952.
- Morrison, Herbert, British leader
- 2764.
- Morrison, Robert, missionary
- 1415.
- Morrison, Toni, writer
- 3430.
- Morrow, Dwight W., U.S. diplomat
- 2196, 2196.
- Morse, Samuel F. B., inventor and painter
- 989, 1576.
- Mortimer, Roger de IV
- 512, 512.
- Mortimer's Cross, battle of
- 515.
- Morton, John, bishop of Ely
- 516.
- Morton, William T. G., surgeon
- 1043.
- Morúa Law, Cuba
- 1693.
- Moscicki, Ignace, Polish leader
- 1838, 2119, 2121, 2208.
- Moscow
- 281, 488, 489, 557, 558, 558, 558, 558, 558, 558, 558, 584, 629, 629, 629, 630, 630, 630, 630, 633, 657, 783, 783, 783, 785, 788, 956, 961, 967, 1029, 1143, 1262, 1263, 1269, 1422, 1828, 1837, 2012, 2066, 2069, 2074, 2080, 2081, 2084, 2101, 2162, 2273, 2465, 2470, 2492, 2524, 2544, 2583, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2632, 2684, 2706, 2715, 2715, 2718, 2719, 2719, 2721, 2723, 2723, 2724, 2731, 2748, 2772, 2984, 2991, 2992, 2995, 3005, 3005, 3006, 3010, 3015, 3022, 3031, 3037, 3076, 3079, 3089, 3096, 3098, 3128, 3128, 3128, 3129, 3131, 3148, 3170, 3171, 3200, 3234, 3236, 3250, 3266, 3269, 3273, 3273, 3275, 3277, 3286, 3286, 3290, 3292, 3298, 3300, 3319, 3364, 3364, 3364, 3365, 3370, 3371, 3371, 3446, 3716, 3719, 3960, 3966, 3967, 4081, 4121, 4125, 4145, 4154, 4231; sack of (1571), 629; grand duchy of, 631; Treaty of, 2087; WWII, 2593, 2594; conference, 4189.
- Moscow Conservatory
- 1259.
- Moselle
- 492, 2993; Canal, 3000.
- Moselle Rhine
- 404.
- Moses
- 104, 105, 283, 479.
- Mosesia
- 245.
- Moshoeshoe, African leader
- 1551, 1551, 1551, 1553, 1553.
- Moshoeshoe II, king of Lesotho
- 4473, 4473, 4473, 4473, 4474.
- Mosisili, Pakalitha, Lesotho leader
- 4474.
- Mosley, Oswald, British Fascist
- 1704, 1847.
- Mosque of Bayezid II
- 315.
- Mosque of Mehmed the Conqueror, Istanbul
- 314.
- Mosquera, Líber Seregni, Uruguayan leader
- 3530.
- Mosquera, Tomás Cipriano de, Latin American leader
- 1672, 1673.
- Mosquitia, kingdom of
- 1683, 1686.
- Mossel Bay
- 365.
- Mossi
- 358, 870, 1517.
- Mostar
- 3188.
- most-favored-nation status
- 1247, 1360, 1386, 1416, 1422, 1438, 1449, 1458, 1465, 1638.
- Mosul
- 287, 291, 297, 300, 301, 302, 303, 318, 319, 474, 505, 505, 792, 806, 807, 1331, 1751, 1753, 1788, 2328, 2399, 2402, 2402, 2405, 2591, 3880.
- Mota, Antonio de, Portuguese leader
- 281.
- Mother Goddess
- 169.
- Mother Goose, by Charles Perrault
- 714.
- Motherland Party, Turkey
- 3798.
- Mother Theresa, Christian charitable worker
- 3986.
- Motor Carrier Act, U.S.
- 2205.
- Motoshima Hitoshi, Japanese leader
- 4243.
- Mott, Lucretia, U.S. reformer
- 1579.
- Motya
- 110, 110, 184.
- Moulay Yusuf, sultan of Morocco
- 2419.
- Moulin, Jean, French leader
- 1918.
- mound builders
- 64, 65.
- Moundville
- 53.
- Mt. Abu
- 325, 331.
- Mountain, la Montagne
- 1003, 1004, 1007, 1008.
- Mount Asama, eruption of
- 862.
- Mt. Athos
- 494, 2147.
- Mountbatten, Louis
- 2631, 3954.
- Mountbatten, Philip, duke of Edinburgh
- See prince ~Philip, consort of Elizabeth II.
- Mount Carmel
- 91, 103, 107, 109.
- Mt. Cenis Pass
- 614.
- Mt. Elgon
- 347, 362.
- Mount Etna
- 228.
- Mount Fuji
- 861.
- Mount Hiei
- 385, 857.
- Mount Holyoke Seminary
- 1576.
- Mount Ithome
- 191.
- Mountjoy, lord, William Stewart, subjugator of Ireland
- 589.
- Mt. Kilimanjaro
- 362.
- Mt. Kya
- 385.
- Mount Laurium
- 176, 189.
- Mount Lebanon
- 798, 800, 805, 810, 1333, 1335, 2379, 2379, 3849.
- Mt. Lovchen
- 1744.
- Mount Pangaeus
- 176, 194.
- Mount Pentelicus
- 176.
- Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines
- 4293.
- Mt. Tiantai
- 385.
- Mount Vernon
- 952.
- Mount Vesuvius
- 252.
- Mouridiyya brotherhood
- 1511.
- Mousterian technology
- 23.
- Mouvement Démocratique Voltaique
- 4330.
- Mouvement National Algérien, MNA
- 3925.
- Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba, MNC/L
- 4449.
- Mouvement national de la révolution, Congo
- 4446.
- Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution, MPR
- 4450.
- Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Democratiques, MTLD
- 3925.
- Mouvement Républicain Populaire, MRP
- 2839, 2850.
- Mouvement Révolutionaire Nationale pour le Développement, MRND
- 4420, 4420.
- Mouzalon, George, Greek commander
- 565.
- Movement for a Democratic Slovakia, HZDS
- 3138.
- Movement for Multiparty Democracy, Zambia
- 4465.
- Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
- 4431.
- Movement of the Restoration of Democracy, MRD
- 4008.
- Movement of the Revolutionary Left, MIR
- 3548, 3599.
- Movement of Young Intellectuals, Angola
- 4432.
- Movimento de Liberaç de São Tomé and Príncipe, MLSTP
- 4374, 4374.
- Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB
- 3614.
- Movimento Nacional da Resistencia de Mozambique, MNR
- 4416, 4459, 4462, 4462, 4462, 4463, 4480.
- Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, MPLA
- 2636, 4433, 4434, 4436, 4436, 4436, 4437, 4439, 4443, 4476.
- Mowinckel, Johan, Norwegian leader
- 2044, 2047.
- Moyne, baron, Walter Edward, British leader
- 2394.
- Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, U.S. leader
- 3421.
- Mozambique
- 364, 869, 887, 888, 888, 889, 889, 889, 953, 954, 969, 1546, 1546, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1548, 1550, 2554, 2565, 2568, 2572, 2636, 2638, 2672, 2674, 2697, 2916, 4320, 4320, 4416, 4436, 4438, 4455, 4457, 4459, 4459, 4462, 4462, 4462, 4462, 4462, 4463, 4463, 4464, 4465, 4467, 4480; independence, 4320, 4462; makeup, 4455.
- Mozambique Company
- 1548.
- Mozdok
- 2596.
- Mozhaisk
- 2595.
- Mo-zi, Chinese philosopher
- 68, 144, 146.
- Mpande, African leader
- 1551, 1552.
- Mrichchakatika, Little Clay Cart
- 131.
- Mshope people
- 1529.
- Msiri, Nyamwezi trader
- 1539, 1541.
- Mstislav, brother of Yaroslav I
- 488.
- Mswati III, king of Swaziland
- 4490, 4490.
- mtDNA
- See mitochondrial DNA.
- Mthwethwa people
- 1549, 1550.
- Mu, Korean king
- 378.
- Muar River
- 837.
- Mu’awiya I, first Umayyad caliph
- 289, 289, 289.
- Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, Umayyad caliph
- 288, 288.
- Mu`awwad, Rene, Lebanese leader
- 3850.
- Mubarak, Hosni, Egyptian leader
- 2678, 3876, 3913, 3914, 3916, 3917, 3917, 3917, 3918.
- Mubarak ibn Abdallah, emir of Kuwait
- 1362, 1362, 1364.
- Mucianus, Licinius, Roman legate
- 251.
- Mudros, armistice of
- 1698, 1753.
- Muennich, Ferenc, Hungarian leader
- 3149.
- Mugabe, Robert Gabriel, Zimbabwean leader
- 2677, 4456, 4457, 4457, 4466, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4467, 4468, 4469, 4469, 4469.
- Mughal Empire
- 575, 578, 579, 580, 813, 813, 813, 814, 816, 817, 819, 830, 830, 830, 830, 831, 831, 832, 832, 832, 833, 833, 833, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 835, 835, 955, 1394, 1395, 1396, 3977.
- Mughals, Muslim peoples from Central Asia
- 331, 575.
- Mugica, Carlos, priest
- 3491.
- Mugwumps, U.S.
- 1602.
- Muhajirs
- 4008, 4016.
- Muhammad, brother of Mawlay Abd al-Aziz
- 1377.
- Muhammad, governor of Aleppo
- 810.
- Muhammad, son of Husayn ibn Ali and ruler of Tunisia
- 828.
- Muhammad I, emir
- 419.
- Muhammad I, ruler of India
- 333.
- Muhammad I, Seljuk leader
- 301.
- Muhammad II al-Mahdi
- 419.
- Muhammad III, ruler of India
- 334.
- Muhammad III, sultan of Morocco
- 825, 825, 825.
- Muhammad V, Ben Yusuf
- 3919, 3919, 3920.
- Muhammad, Ali Nasir, Yemenite leader
- 3894, 3895.
- Muhammad, Elijah, leader of Nation of Islam
- 1706.
- Muhammad, Murtala, Nigerian leader
- 4368, 4368.
- Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, Berber leader
- 2418, 2418, 2418, 2418, 2418, 2419.
- Wahhab, Muhammad Abd al-, musician
- 3916.
- Muhammad Abduh, religious reformer
- 1374, 2365, 2420, 2423.
- Muhammad Abu Likaylik, sheik of Ethiopia
- 880.
- Muhammad Afdal, ruler of Afghanistan
- 1355, 1355.
- Muhammad al-Aqqad, intellectual
- 2357.
- Muhammad al-Arbi, historian
- 824.
- Muhammad al-Battani, mathematician
- 297.
- Muhammad al-Biruni, scholar
- 301.
- Muhammad al-Bukhari, compiler
- 296.
- Muhammad al-Burtughali, sultan of Fez
- 822.
- Muhammad al-Hadi, imam of Yemen
- 1359.
- Muhammad Ali, shah of Iran
- 1352, 1352, 1352, 1352.
- Muhammad Ali, Tunisian leader
- 2426.
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, Arab rebel
- 1364.
- Muhammad al-Ifrani, Moroccan historian
- 824.
- Muhammad Ali Pasha, Egyptian viceroy
- 953, 1258, 1258, 1272, 1274, 1274, 1276, 1328, 1331, 1331, 1332, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1368, 1369.
- Muhammad al-Jazuli, Sufi leader
- 323.
- Muhammad al-Jisr, Lebanese leader
- 2379.
- Muhammad al-Kattani, religious leader
- 1378.
- Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, mathematician
- 295.
- Muhammad al-Kulayni, theologian
- 298.
- Muhammad al-Maghili, theologian
- 323, 351, 355.
- Muhammad al-Mahdi, religious leader
- 1392.
- Muhammad al-Muqrani, Berber leader
- 1383.
- Muhammad al-Mutawakkil, ruler of Morocco
- 823, 823.
- Muhammad al-Nasir, bey of Tunisia
- 2426.
- Muhammad al-Nazafi, writer
- 2418.
- Muhammad al-Qa’im, ruler of Morocco
- 822.
- Muhammad al-Razi, philosopher and physician
- 297.
- Muhammad al-Sadiq Bey, ruler of Tunisia
- 1387, 1389, 1390, 1390.
- Muhammad al-Shafi’i, legal scholar
- 294.
- Muhammad al-Shawkani, Yemeni scholar
- 1359.
- Muhammad al-Sheik, ruler of Morocco
- 293, 822, 822, 822, 823, 823.
- Muhammad al-Tabari, historian
- 297.
- Muhammad al-Tawil, Janissary rebel leader
- 799.
- Muhammad al-Waqidi, historian
- 294.
- Muhammad al-Wazir Ghassani, Moroccan official
- 824.
- Muhammad Amin al-Muhibbi, Damascene scholar
- 805.
- Muhammad A’zam, ruler of Afghanistan
- 1355, 1355.
- Muhammad Baha' al-Dawla, Iranian scholar
- 812.
- Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, head mulla of Iran
- 816.
- Muhammad Bayram al-Khamis, Tunisian leader
- 1391.
- Muhammad Bello, religious leader
- 1510.
- Muhammad ben Amin ben Muhammad al-Kanami, sheik
- 1510.
- Muhammad Ben Arafa, king of Morocco
- 3919, 3919.
- Muhammad Bey, ruler of Tunisia
- 1388, 1388, 1388, 1390.
- Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab, Egyptian commander
- 808.
- Muhammad Fahmi Sa‘id, Iraqi leader
- 2406.
- Muhammad Husayn Haykal, intellectual
- 2354, 2357.
- Muhammad ibn Abdallah, Abbasid challenger
- 292.
- Muhammad ibn Abdallah, Arab prophet of Islam
- 276, 285, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 286, 287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 288, 288, 291, 293, 293, 293, 294, 334, 809, 811, 815, 816, 820, 822, 822, 823, 829, 867, 1350, 1358, 1358, 1362, 1392, 3891.
- Muhammad ibn Abdallah, emir of Kuwait
- 1362.
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Islamic theologian
- 580, 820.
- Muhammad ibn Abi'-Amir, caliph
- 419.
- Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, son of fourth caliph
- 289.
- Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi, religious leader
- 1392.
- Muhammad ibn Arafa al-Warghami, legal scholar
- 323.
- Muhammad Ibn Battuta, traveler
- 323.
- Muhammad ibn Ishaq, biographer
- 293.
- Muhammad ibn Iyas, historian
- 793.
- Muhammad ibn Rashid, ruler of Jabal Shammar
- 1362.
- Muhammad ibn Sa'd, biographer
- 295.
- Muhammad ibn Sa‘ud, Saudi ruler
- 820, 820.
- Muhammad ibn Tughj, the Ikshid
- 317.
- Muhammad ibn Tumart, Berber prophet
- 475.
- Muhammad Ibn Tumart, Almohad leader
- 322, 322.
- Muhammad ibn Uthman Dey, ruler of Algiers
- 828.
- Muhammad ibn Yahya Hamid al-Din, imam of Yemen
- 1362.
- Muhammad ibn Zarruq, Tunisian official
- 1385.
- Muhammad Iqbal, Indian leader
- 2439.
- Muhammad Khalil al-Muradi, scholar
- 810.
- Muhammad Khudabanda
- See Muhammad Shah, sultan of Iran.
- Muhammad Mahmud, Egyptian leader
- 2359, 2367.
- Muhammad Mossadegh, Iranian leader
- 2651.
- Muhammad Nadir Khan, Afghani ruler
- 2348.
- Muhammad Nadir Shah
- 2348, 2350.
- Muhammad of Ghur, Mu'izz-ud-din
- 331, 331, 335.
- Muhammad Reza Pahlevi, shah of Iran
- 2644, 2644, 2651, 2675, 2676, 3426, 3815, 3816, 3816, 3816, 3817, 3817, 3817, 3817, 3820, 3821, 3826.
- Muhammad Rumfa, ruler of Kano
- 351, 355.
- Muhammad Sakizli, corsair leader
- 827.
- Hinnawi, Muhammad Sami al-, Syrian leader
- 3839.
- Muhammad Shah, ruler of Iran
- 1349, 1350.
- Muhammad Shah, sultan of Iran
- 813.
- Muhammad Shaybani, Uzbek leader
- 308, 812.
- Muhammad Tughluk, ruler of India
- 332, 332, 333, 333, 333, 337.
- Muhammad Ya’qub, ruler of Afghanistan
- 1355, 1355.
- Muhammadzay dynasty
- See Barakzay dynasty, Afghanistan.
- Muhammara, Treaty of
- 2410.
- Muhammed Jiwa Abidin Syah, ruler of Malaya
- 838.
- Muharram, month
- 289, 812.
- Muharrem, decree of
- 1341.
- Muhi, battle of
- 493.
- Muhirwa, prime minister of Burundi
- 4412.
- Mühlberg, battle of
- 615.
- Muhsin, sultan of Lahij
- 1359, 1360.
- Muhtasham of Kashan, Iranian poet
- 813.
- Muiscas, Chibchas
- 570.
- Mujahidin, Afghanistan
- 2637, 3834, 3834.
- Mukden, Shenyang
- 852, 1262, 1462, 1463, 1720, 2473, 2511, 4143.
- Mukti Bahini
- 3971, 4003, 4016.
- Mukurra
- 360.
- Mularaja, ruler of India
- 325.
- Mulay Hafid, sultan of Morocco
- 978.
- Muldoon, Robert, New Zealand leader
- 4316.
- Mülhausen
- 625.
- Mulla Husayn Kashefi, Iranian writer
- 812.
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