- Richard I, Coeur de Lion
- 444, 445, 447, 450, 450, 450, 450, 457, 457, 471, 471, 505.
- Richard II, king of England
- 513, 513, 514, 514, 514, 514, 514, 519, 548.
- Richard III, king of England
- 516, 516, 516, 519.
- Richard Holbrooke, U.S. diplomat
- 3180.
- Richard of Autun, duke of Burgundy
- 413.
- Richard of Aversa, Norman leader
- 467.
- Richard of Clare, Strongbow
- 425, 444, 448.
- Richard of Cornwall, king of the Romans
- 445, 459.
- Richards Constitution, Nigeria
- 4320, 4321.
- Richardson, C. L., British resident of Japan
- 1442, 1443.
- Richardson, William A., U.S. official
- 1595.
- Richelieu, duke of, Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, French leader
- 1059, 1059.
- Richelieu, cardinal-duke of, Armand-Jean du Plessis, French leader
- 599, 599, 600, 600, 600, 603, 620, 622, 921.
- Richelieu River
- 920, 1625.
- Richer, Jean, scientist
- 641.
- Richert, John Gabriel, commissioner
- 1076.
- Richmond
- 990, 1566, 1586, 1587, 1587, 1590.
- Richthofen, Manfred von, German pilot
- 1767.
- Ricimer, Roman general
- 269.
- Ridda
- 287.
- Rideau Canal
- 1625.
- Ridgway, Matthew B., U.S. commander
- 2711, 2713, 3395, 4195, 4195, 4196, 4197.
- Ridley, Nicholas, religious reformer
- 588.
- Ridwan Bey al-Faqari, Mamluk leader in Egypt
- 802.
- Riebeeck, Jan van, Dutch leader
- 596, 890.
- Riefenstahl, Leni, film director
- 1707.
- Riego, Rafael, soldier
- 1062.
- Riel, Louis, Canadian leader
- 1630, 1635.
- Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, mathematician
- 1147, 1147.
- Riemenschneider, Tilman, artist
- 616.
- Rienzi, Cola di, Italian leader
- 530.
- Riet, battle of
- 1768.
- Rif, the
- 1375.
- Rifaa Rafi al-Tahtawi, scholar
- 1370.
- Rifaiyya, Sufi order
- 300, 303.
- Assad, Rifat al-, Syrian leader
- 3843.
- Riffians
- 1921.
- Rif Republic
- 2418, 2418, 2418, 2418, 2419.
- Rif War
- 2418.
- Riga
- 460, 489, 1740, 1803, 1817, 2097, 2097, 2098, 2593, 2597, 3346, 3351.
- Rigault de Genouilly, Charles, French admiral
- 1473.
- Riggs, Elias, missionary
- 1299.
- Riggs, Francis, U.S. policeman
- 2309.
- Right Bloc National
- 1901.
- rights
- See human rights.
- Right to Life Movement
- 3424.
- Rigveda
- 129.
- Riigikogu, Estonia
- 3322.
- Riiser-Larsen, Hjalmar, explorer
- 2046.
- Riksdag, Denmark
- 1078.
- Riksdag, Schleswig-Holstein
- 1251.
- Riksdag, Sweden
- 761, 761, 765, 1076, 1076, 1247, 1247, 1248.
- riksdag (parliament) of Västeras
- 628.
- Rilindja, Renaissance
- 1325.
- Rimay, John, Hungarian poet
- 636.
- Rimini
- 222.
- Rimsin, king of Larsa
- 85.
- Rimush, son of Sargon I (the Great)
- 84.
- Rinzai Zen Buddhism
- 394.
- Riobamba
- 1671.
- Rio Barbate
- 419.
- Río Blanco
- 1692.
- Rio Branco Law, Brazil
- 1677.
- Rio de Janeiro
- 573, 914, 914, 915, 916, 916, 917, 918, 918, 1656, 1656, 1677, 1677, 1677, 1677, 2240, 2270, 2272, 2273, 2600, 2601, 2642, 2688, 2696, 3465, 3466, 3475, 3478, 3620, 3624, 3624, 3628; March of the 100,000, 3615.
- Río de la Plata
- 570, 573, 574, 894, 900, 900, 906, 906, 908, 909, 915, 917, 917, 1643, 1644, 1647, 1647, 1658, 1665, 3529.
- Río de Oro
- 954.
- Rio Grande
- 1578, 1579, 1688, 3551.
- Rio Grande do Norte
- 915.
- Rio Grande do Sul
- 906, 907, 1647, 1677, 1677, 1677, 2270, 2271, 2271.
- Riom
- 2839.
- Río Muni
- See Spanish Guinea (Rio Muni).
- Río Negro, constitution of
- 1673.
- Rio Nueces
- 1578.
- Ríos, Don Juan A., Chilean leader
- 3508.
- Rio Salado, battle of
- 525.
- Ríos Montt, Efrain, Guatemalan leader
- 3654, 3654, 3655, 3660.
- Riot Act, England
- 684, 701.
- Riotous Assemblies Act, South Africa
- 2578.
- Rio Treaty
- 3398.
- Ripon, marquis of, George Robinson, viceroy of India
- 1398.
- Ripon, treaty of
- 591.
- Ripperdá, baron of, Jan Willem, adventurer
- 723.
- Ripuarians
- 402, 407, 407.
- Risler, J., inventor
- 1736.
- Ristich, Jovan, Serbian leader
- 1288, 1291.
- Rites Controversy
- 854, 856.
- Ritsu Buddhism
- 385.
- Rivadavia, Bernardino, Latin American leader
- 1644, 1644, 1658, 1658, 1658.
- Rivarola, Cirilo Antonio, Latin American leader
- 1665.
- Rivera, Diego, artist
- 2241.
- Rivera, Fructuoso, Latin American leader
- 1647, 1647, 1659, 1667, 1667.
- Rivera, José Antonio Primo de, Spanish leader
- 1927.
- Rivera, Julio Adalberto, Salvadoran leader
- 3663.
- Rivera y Orbaneja, Miguel Primo de, marqué de Estella
- 1921, 1922, 1922, 1924, 1924.
- Rivers, earl of, Richard Woodville
- 516.
- Riviera
- 2619.
- Rivière, Henri, French commander
- 1474.
- Rivonia Trial, South Africa
- 4477.
- Riyad al-Sulj, Lebanese leader
- 2383.
- Riyadh
- 820, 1359, 1362.
- Rizal, José, writer
- 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481.
- Rizzio, David, favorite of Mary, queen of Scots
- 588.
- Roa, Raúl, Cuban leader
- 3717.
- Roanoke Island
- 924.
- Robbe-Grillet, Alain, writer
- 2702.
- Robec River
- 443.
- Robelo, Alfonso, Nicaraguan leader
- 3677, 3678.
- Robert, count of Clermont
- 599.
- Robert, duke of Burgundy
- 449, 449.
- Robert, Angevin
- 470, 533, 533.
- Robert I, king of France
- 413, 413, 413, 480.
- Robert I, the Bruce
- 512, 517, 517, 517, 517, 517, 517, 517, 517, 519.
- Robert II, the Pious
- 449.
- Robert II, king of Scotland
- 517.
- Robert College, Istanbul
- 1335.
- Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy
- 444, 444, 449.
- Robert Guiscard, Norman commander
- 455, 466, 467, 467, 467, 468, 500.
- Robert of Chester, scholar
- 444.
- Robert of Courtenay, Latin emperor
- 509, 509, 509.
- Roberts, Richard, developer of power loom
- 985.
- Robertson, James, American pioneer
- 941.
- Robert the Strong, count of Anjou
- 412, 413, 413.
- Roberval, François de la Roche, French colonial administrator
- 920.
- Robespierre, Maximilien, French leader
- 1001, 1004, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1007, 1007.
- Robinson, George, settler in Tasmania
- 1488.
- Robinson, Jackie, baseball player
- 3392.
- Robinson, John, theologian
- 2701.
- Robinson, Mary, Irish leader
- 2811.
- Robles, Francisco, Latin American leader
- 1671.
- Robles, Gil, Spanish leader
- 1928.
- Robles, Marco A.
- 3639, 3640.
- Robusti, Jacopo
- See Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti), Italian artist.
- Roca, Julio A., Latin American commander
- 1660, 1660, 1660, 1660, 1660, 1661.
- Roca, Vicente, Latin American leader
- 1671.
- Rocafuerte, Vicente, Latin American leader
- 1671, 1671.
- Rocard, Michel, French leader
- 2876.
- Roca-Runciman treaty
- 2242.
- Rochambeau, comte de, Jean Baptiste, French commander
- 951, 951.
- Roche, Otto de la, lord of Athens
- 508.
- Rochebouët, Gaetan de, French leader
- 1191.
- Rochelle, siege of
- 521, 591.
- Rockefeller, John D., U.S. industrialist
- 1620.
- Rockefeller, Nelson A., U.S. leader
- 3510.
- Rocket, locomotive
- 989.
- Rocky Mountain Painters
- 1577.
- Rocky Mountains
- 956, 1567, 1574, 1625.
- Rococo style
- 735.
- Rocroi, battle of
- 604.
- Rodbertus, Johann Karl, socialist
- 1035.
- Roderick, Visigoth king
- 419.
- Rodjestvensky, Zinovy, Russian admiral
- 1128.
- Rodney, George, British naval commander
- 940.
- Rodrigues Alves, Francisco de Paula, Latin American leader
- 1677.
- Rodríguez, Abelardo, Mexican leader
- 2298.
- Rodríguez, Alonso, Spanish colonial administrator
- 912.
- Rodríguez, Carlos Rafael, Cuban leader
- 3714.
- Rodríguez, Manuel, Latin American leader
- 1648.
- Rodríguez, Mariano Ospina, Latin American leader
- 1673.
- Rodríguez, Martín, Latin American leader
- 1658, 1658, 1658.
- Rodriguez, Miguel Angel, Costa Rican leader
- 3691, 3692.
- Rodríguez, Pedro, writer
- 718.
- Rodríguez de Cabrillo, Juan, explorer
- 903.
- Rodríguez de Fonseca, Juan, prelate
- 909.
- Rodríguez Lara, Guillermo, Ecuadorian leader
- 3568, 3568.
- Rodríguez Zeledón, José Joaquín, Latin American leader
- 1685.
- Roe, Thomas
- 832.
- Roebling, John Augustus, bridgebuilder
- 983.
- Roebling, Washington Augustus, bridgebuilder
- 983.
- Roebuck, Alvah Curtis, U.S. merchant
- 1602.
- Roebuck, John, inventor
- 983.
- Roehm, Ernst, Nazi leader
- 1988.
- Roemer, Olaus, astronomer
- 641.
- Roer River
- 2621.
- Roe v. Wade, U.S. Supreme Court decision
- 3424.
- Roger, duke of Apulia
- 471.
- Roger I, king of Sicily
- 467, 468.
- Roger II, king of Sicily
- 456, 456, 468, 471, 471, 471, 471, 502, 505.
- Roger of Salisbury
- 444.
- Rogers, William, U.S. diplomat
- 3773.
- Rogers Plan
- 3773.
- Roggeveen, Jacob, Dutch navigator
- 865.
- Rogier, Charles, Belgian leader
- 1056, 1171, 1171.
- Rohan, duke of, Henri de Rohan, Huguenot leader
- 599, 600, 626.
- Rohan Sandoval, César, Ecuadorian leader
- 3568.
- Rohilla Afghans
- 835.
- Rohlfs, Gustav, explorer
- 1508.
- Roi
- 2630.
- Roi de Bourges
- See Charles VII, king of France.
- Rojas Paúl, Juan Pablo, Latin American leader
- 1675.
- Rojas Pinilla, Gustabo, Colombian leader
- 3576, 3576, 3576, 3579.
- Rokossovsky, Konstantin, Russian commander
- 3093, 3096, 3096.
- Roland, cardinal
- 456.
- Roland, Jeanne Manon Plipon, wife of Girondist leader
- 1006.
- Roldós Aguilera, Jaime, Ecuadorian leader
- 3569, 3569, 3569.
- Roldosista Party, Ecuador
- 3572.
- Rolfe, John, English colonist
- 925.
- Rolland, Romain, French writer
- 1903.
- Rolling Stones
- 2776.
- Rollo, Hrolf the Ganger
- 413, 413, 426.
- Rolón, Ismael, Paraguayan leader
- 3523.
- Rolón, Raimundo, Paraguayan leader
- 3522.
- Romagna
- 469, 609, 746, 1014, 1212.
- Romain, Jules, writer
- 1903.
- Roman, Petre, Romanian leader
- 3256.
- Roman, prince
- 489.
- Roman Catholic Church
- 279, 281, 283, 315, 418, 421, 443, 451, 452, 460, 465, 466, 466, 466, 466, 466, 466, 467, 467, 467, 468, 468, 469, 469, 469, 469, 469, 473, 483, 494, 494, 497, 525, 530, 542, 544, 544, 544, 545, 557, 558, 562, 563, 563, 564, 565, 580, 584, 586, 586, 586, 587, 587, 588, 590, 592, 595, 598, 598, 599, 599, 599, 599, 599, 603, 603, 604, 609, 609, 609, 609, 609, 609, 609, 609, 609, 613, 614, 615, 615, 615, 616, 616, 617, 617, 618, 619, 621, 622, 624, 627, 628, 630, 632, 634, 635, 643, 644, 646, 672, 675, 676, 676, 676, 677, 677, 677, 689, 693, 693, 694, 694, 697, 698, 698, 711, 713, 717, 729, 730, 736, 744, 748, 759, 776, 781, 786, 791, 876, 894, 934, 1001, 1014, 1035, 1035, 1035, 1066, 1092, 1093, 1210, 1215, 1219, 1334, 1429, 1671, 1701, 1701, 1866, 1941, 1986, 2131, 2643, 2644, 2644, 2649, 2656, 2659, 2663, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2777, 2821, 2901, 2943, 2955, 2955, 2960, 2965, 2966, 3165, 3672; medieval, 276; postclassical period, 279; Ottoman Empire, 313; and Nestorianism, 375; early, 401, 403, 406, 406, 406, 407, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 409, 410, 410; Vulgate, 401; Carolingians, 411, 413; Ottonians, 415, 416, 417, 417; Spain, 420, 601, 894, 1199, 1199, 1920, 1927, 2891, 2892, 2897; England, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 444, 444, 445, 445, 445, 513, 514, 514, 514, 586, 586, 587, 588, 588, 589, 589, 671, 675, 695, 1049; Celtic, 425, 425; Byzantium, 427, 433, 435, 435, 435, 435, 436, 438; and Greek Orthodox Church, 430; Western Europe, 443, 443; France, 449, 449, 450, 450, 451, 452, 453, 523, 598, 1035, 1058, 1083, 1084, 1179, 1181, 1197, 1905, 1906, 2873; Germany, 454, 454, 454, 455, 456, 457, 457, 458, 458, 459, 752, 1231, 1235, 1235, 1986; Scandinavia, 461, 461, 462, 551; Portugal, 480, 480, 529, 2917, 2919; Eastern Europe, 484; Poland, 486, 556, 633, 778, 780, 1268, 2700, 3091, 3094, 3095, 3095, 3098, 3100, 3100, 3104, 3106, 3112, 3116; Russia, 490, 1260, 3299; Hungary, 491, 3143, 3145, 3152; schism with Constantinople, 499; schism, 511, 531, 2962; reform of, 530, 531, 531; Italy, 537, 744, 1211, 1225, 1941, 1950, 2926, 2933, 2940; 15001800, 584; Switzerland, 625, 625, 626, 626, 626, 626, 748, 748, 748, 748, 749, 749, 750, 1070, 1094, 1094, 1094, 1094, 1228; Sweden, 628; Ireland, 697, 700, 701, 701, 702, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1162, 1164, 1165, 1165, 1167, 1167, 1168, 1168, 1168, 2810, 2811; East Asia, 856; Korea, 856, 1429, 1429; Japan, 857, 859, 859; Vietnam, 863, 863, 1473, 1473, 1473, 1473, 4257, 4273; Philippines, 867, 868, 1485, 1486; Africa, 869, 874, 878, 879, 879, 880, 885, 1516, 1529, 1535, 1536, 1536, 1549, 2559, 2569; Americas, 910, 910, 912, 912, 915, 918, 918; North America, 929, 930, 937; Great Britain, 1048, 1165; the Low Countries, 1053; Belgium, 1056, 1056, 1171, 1171, 1171, 1172, 1173; Latin America, 1100, 1671, 3465, 3472; Netherlands, 1174, 1899; Austria, 1239, 2011; Greece, 1278, 2379, 2383; Albania, 1325; China, 1415, 1416, 1417; Pacific Islands, 1477; U.S., 1565, 1602; Canada, 1623; Mexico, 1653, 1687, 1691, 2294, 2297, 2297, 2297, 2297, 2297, 2298; Slovenia, 2127, 3194; Uruguay, 2252; Peru, 2259; Colombia, 2268, 3576; and birth control, 2643; makeup, 2644; postwar, 2701; vernacular languages, 2955; sharing of power, 2956, 2957; and Anglicans, 2958, 2958, 2964; and sexuality, 2959, 2959, 2965; and decentralization, 2959; and retirement, 2959; Universal Catechism, 2965; Czechoslovakia, 3124, 3124, 3132; Yugoslavia, 3174; Bulgaria, 3239; Romania, 3248; Ukraine, 3381; Argentina, 3484, 3484, 3484; Chile, 3509; Brazil, 3618; El Salvador, 3665, 3670; Nicaragua, 3676.
- Roman Empire
- 46, 71, 77, 80, 80, 133, 155, 245, 246, 246, 246, 250, 251, 251, 252, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 257, 257, 257, 257, 259, 260, 260, 260, 261, 261, 261, 261, 261, 262, 265, 268, 268, 268, 269, 276, 347, 400, 401, 401, 403, 403, 403, 403, 403, 403, 404, 404, 404, 405, 406, 406, 406, 406, 406, 407, 407, 407, 407, 408, 408, 408, 411, 411, 416, 416, 421, 421, 421, 424, 424, 425, 426, 427, 436, 456, 473; end, 276; postclassical period, 277; Byzantine revival, 427.
- Romanesque style
- 444, 452, 479.
- Romania
- 1088, 1108, 1108, 1111, 1115, 1138, 1246, 1287, 1309, 1311, 1311, 1311, 1312, 1317, 1318, 1333, 1343, 1344, 1699, 1704, 1723, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1779, 1806, 1819, 1819, 1819, 1823, 1825, 1828, 1830, 1831, 1853, 2020, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2024, 2116, 2128, 2170, 2171, 2174, 2176, 2176, 2177, 2181, 2184, 2185, 2332, 2597, 2685, 2700, 2706, 2717, 2719, 2725, 2725, 2727, 2728, 2730, 2750, 2754, 2756, 3003, 3037, 3118, 3128, 3137, 3139, 3142, 3152, 3171, 3172, 3244, 3245, 3263, 3265, 3273, 3279, 3304, 3350, 3357, 3359, 3359; and Balkan Wars, 1138, 1139, 1318; formation of, 1314; and Russia, 1317, 1319; war with Ottoman Empire, 1317; and Austria, 1318; and Bulgaria, 1318, 1318; and Greece, 1318; WWI, 1319, 1320, 1742, 1742, 1742, 1743, 1743, 1757, 1760, 1760, 1760, 1760, 1761, 1769, 1775, 1776, 1776, 1777, 1777, 1778, 1780, 1780, 1780, 1782, 1787, 1787, 1806, 1806, 1806, 2174, 2174, 2174, 2175, 2176; and Macedonia, 1322; Great Depression, 2181; occupied by Germany, 2185; WWII, 2185, 2185, 2186, 2186, 2590, 2590, 2590, 2590, 2591, 2591, 2593, 2597, 2597, 2634; WWII settlement, 2635, 2635; Communist, 3245, 3246, 3248, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3250, 3250, 3250, 3250, 3250, 3251, 3251, 3252, 3254, 3254, 3254, 3254, 3254, 3254; peace treaty, 3246; economic difficulty, 3254; discrimination, 3254; liberalization, 3255, 3255, 3256, 3258, 3258, 3259, 3259, 3259, 3260, 3260.
- Romanian Social-Democratic Party
- 1318.
- Roman Inquisition
- See Inquisition.
- Roman Law
- 427.
- Romanos, poet
- 427.
- Romanov, Michael
- See Michael ~Romanov, tsar of Russia.
- Romanov, Nikita, boyar leader
- 630.
- Romanov dynasty
- 630, 1268.
- Roman Republic
- 77, 225, 225, 225, 225, 225, 228, 235, 237, 239, 239, 240, 243, 243, 246, 246, 248, 737, 746; of 1849, 1093.
- Romans
- 3, 231.
- romanticism
- 1566; in literature, 646; Switzerland, 751; 18001914, 1037, 1037, 1037, 1037, 1146; Great Britain, 1046; France, 1060; Poland, 1267.
- Romanum decet pontificem, papal bull
- 736.
- Romanus I Lecapenus, Byzantine emperor
- 436, 437, 438, 441, 441.
- Romanus III, Argyropolus
- 498, 498, 498.
- Romanus IV Diogenes, Byzantine emperor
- 500, 500, 500.
- Rome
- 43, 43, 46, 70, 70, 71, 77, 80, 80, 110, 133, 135, 172, 206, 211, 211, 211, 211, 211, 211, 211, 211, 212, 214, 214, 214, 214, 215, 215, 215, 216, 216, 216, 218, 218, 218, 220, 220, 221, 221, 221, 222, 222, 222, 223, 223, 223, 223, 223, 224, 224, 225, 225, 225, 225, 225, 225, 226, 226, 226, 226, 226, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 227, 228, 228, 229, 229, 229, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 231, 231, 231, 231, 231, 231, 232, 232, 232, 232, 233, 233, 233, 233, 233, 233, 233, 234, 234, 234, 234, 234, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 236, 237, 237, 237, 237, 237, 237, 237, 237, 238, 239, 239, 239, 239, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 242, 242, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 244, 245, 245, 245, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 247, 247, 247, 247, 248, 248, 248, 249, 249, 249, 250, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 252, 252, 252, 252, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 256, 257, 257, 257, 257, 257, 258, 258, 259, 260, 260, 260, 261, 261, 261, 261, 262, 262, 265, 265, 265, 268, 268, 268, 269, 269, 269, 269, 271, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274, 274, 275, 275, 276, 294, 375, 400, 400, 400, 400, 401, 401, 401, 402, 402, 402, 403, 403, 403, 404, 406, 406, 406, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 408, 409, 409, 409, 409, 410, 411, 411, 412, 415, 416, 416, 417, 417, 417, 427, 428, 430, 431, 435, 440, 451, 456, 465, 465, 465, 465, 465, 467, 467, 468, 468, 468, 468, 469, 469, 470, 470, 472, 479, 502, 508, 511, 511, 530, 530, 530, 530, 530, 531, 531, 532, 532, 534, 540, 541, 542, 545, 568, 580, 599, 607, 607, 607, 609, 609, 609, 613, 613, 614, 615, 633, 659, 666, 724, 735, 737, 880, 983, 1009, 1011, 1026, 1083, 1092, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1111, 1115, 1182, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1218, 1218, 1218, 1225, 1746, 1778, 1922, 1945, 1950, 1960, 1961, 2009, 2609, 2617, 2617, 2618, 2641, 2659, 2702, 2713, 2731, 2849, 2943, 2952, 2962, 3187, 3218, 3381, 3774, 3779; and North Africa, 44; sack of, 46; synod of 1046, 454, 466; sack of 1083, 455; see of, 455; synod of 1241, 458; synod of 1047, 466; synod of 1075, 467; sack of 1080, 468; commune of, 468, 468; sack of 1527, 607, 609; treaties of, 2655, 2700, 2718; summit, 2748.
- Rome-Berlin Axis
- 1725, 1833, 1837, 1954, 1970, 2010, 2172. See Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan).
- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
- See Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan).
- Rome protocols
- 1830, 1833, 1956, 2008, 2028.
- Römer, Frankfurt
- 1097.
- Romero, Carlos Humberto, Salvadoran leader
- 3665, 3665, 3666.
- Romero, Oscar, archbishop of El Salvador
- 2644, 2677, 3667, 3669.
- Romero Barceló, Carlos, Puerto Rican leader
- 3732, 3732, 3732, 3732.
- Romita, Giuseppe, Italian leader
- 2930.
- Romme, Carl P. M., Dutch leader
- 2830.
- Rommel, Erwin, German commander
- 2612, 2613, 2614, 2614.
- Rommey
- 446.
- Romulus, traditional founder of Rome
- 224.
- Romulus Augustus, last Roman emperor of the West
- 269, 269, 269.
- Roncaglia, diet of
- 468.
- Roncesvalles
- 410, 419.
- Rondônia
- 3627.
- Rong Hong
- See Yung Wing, Chinese educator.
- Ronglu, Chinese leader
- 1423, 1424, 1424.
- Ronsard, Pierre de, French poet
- 600.
- Röntgen, Wilhelm K., physicist
- 1149, 1149, 1153.
- Roon, Albrecht von, Prussian leader
- 1232.
- Roosevelt, Eleanor, wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 2205.
- Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, U.S. president
- 1699, 1702, 1722, 1835, 1837, 1838, 1838, 1855, 1992, 2187, 2200, 2201, 2204, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2206, 2206, 2208, 2208, 2208, 2209, 2209, 2209, 2209, 2210, 2210, 2210, 2210, 2210, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2212, 2212, 2214, 2215, 2276, 2285, 2299, 2312, 2316, 2484, 2485, 2485, 2486, 2598, 2599, 2599, 2599, 2600, 2602, 2602, 2603, 2608, 2608, 2615, 2621, 2625, 2625, 2632, 2632, 2632, 2959; letter to Hitler, 2037; death, 2216.
- Roosevelt, Theodore, U.S. president
- 977, 1436, 1463, 1611, 1612, 1614, 1614, 1615, 1615, 1615, 1617, 1619, 1619, 1619, 1678, 2309.
- Roosevelt corollary
- 1614, 2198.
- Root, Elisha, inventor
- 985.
- Root and Branch Bill, England
- 591.
- Root-Takahira agreement, U.S.-Japan
- 1466, 1615, 2188.
- Rosa de Lima, Saint
- 912.
- Rosario
- 3488.
- Rosas, Juan Manuel de, Latin American leader
- 1658, 1658, 1658, 1658, 1658, 1658, 1659, 1659, 1659, 1659, 1659, 1659, 1665, 1667.
- Rosburgh
- 517.
- Roscellinus, philosopher
- 450.
- Rosebery, earl, Archibald Philip Primrose, English leader
- 1155.
- Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, spies
- 2651.
- Rosenfeld
- 2070.
- Rosen-Nishi Agreement, Japan and Russia
- 969, 1435, 1459.
- Rosenstern, Nils von, Swedish political philosopher
- 761.
- Roskilde
- 761, 1077.
- Roslin Institute
- 2693.
- Rosny, of
- See Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duke of.
- Rospigliosi, Giulio
- See Clement IX, pope.
- Ross, Dennis, U.S. diplomat
- 3869.
- Ross, James Clark
- 995, 995.
- Ross, John
- 995, 995.
- Rossbach, battle of
- 662.
- Rosselló, Pedro, Puerto Rican leader
- 3732, 3733.
- Rosseti, Constantine, Romanian leader
- 1311.
- Rossi, Pellegrino, economist
- 1035.
- Rosso, Giovanni Battista de Jacopo, Italian artist
- 597.
- Rostock
- 548, 3023.
- Rostov
- 2594, 2595, 2596.
- Roswitha of Gandersheim, Saxon nun and dramatist
- 416, 419.
- Rosyth
- 1741.
- Rothari, legal scholar
- 408.
- Rothermere press, London
- 2027.
- Rothweil
- 625.
- rotten boroughs, England
- 1047.
- Rotterdam
- 613, 2585.
- Roubaix
- 1813.
- Rouen
- 443, 449, 515, 522, 522.
- Rouher, Eugène, French official
- 1083.
- Roundheads, English Civil War
- 592, 593.
- Round Table Conference, Belgiuim
- 4449.
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, French writer
- 600, 645, 717, 749.
- Roussel Law, France
- 1191.
- Roussillon
- 449, 477, 479, 523, 597, 604, 608, 648, 725.
- Rouvier, Pierre Maurice, French leader
- 1129, 1129.
- Roux, Wilhelm, anatomist
- 1153.
- Rovere, Francesco della
- See Sixtus IV, pope.
- Rovere, Guillano della
- See Julius II, pope.
- Rovigo
- 538.
- Rovuma River
- 1509, 1530.
- Rowell Commission, Canada
- 2232.
- Rowlatt Acts, in India
- 2433.
- Roxana, mother of Alexander IV, king of Macedonia
- 209.
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