- Carlos I, king of Portugal
- 1207, 1207, 1208.
- Carlsbad Decrees, Germany
- 1071, 1071.
- Carlsbad program, Czechoslovakia
- 2020, 2020.
- Carlson, Chester Floyd, inventor
- 1736, 2641.
- Carlsson, Ingvar, Swedish leader
- 3065, 3066, 3069.
- Carmelites, religious order
- 604, 815; in Africa, 892.
- Carmichael, Stokely, civil rights activist
- 3413.
- Carmona, Antonio de Fragoso, Portuguese leader
- 1936, 1937, 1939, 2913.
- Carnarvon
- 446.
- Carnatic
- 129, 133, 133, 324, 834, 834, 836.
- Carnegie Steel Company
- 1605.
- Carniola
- 459, 485, 494, 540, 616.
- Carnot, Lazare, French leader
- 1009.
- Carnot, Nicolas Sadi, scientist
- 1039.
- Carnuntum
- 262.
- Caro, Miguel Antonio, Latin American leader
- 1673.
- Carobert of Hungary
- See Charles I, king of Hungary.
- Carolinas
- 905, 905, 905, 938, 938, 938, 938, 938, 938, 2630.
- Caroline, U.S. ship
- 1625.
- Caroline Islands
- 864, 1477, 1768, 2500, 2530, 4283.
- Carolingia
- 411.
- Carolingians
- 276, 407, 407, 407, 407, 408, 408, 408, 411, 411, 411, 411, 411, 411, 411, 412, 413, 413, 413, 414, 415, 415, 415, 415, 416, 417, 426, 449, 449, 478, 479, 479, 534, 537.
- Carothers, Wallace H., developer of nylon
- 984.
- Carpaccio, Vittore, Venetian artist
- 584.
- Carpathian Mountains
- 402, 412, 482, 1739, 1739, 1740, 1777, 1792, 1794, 1806.
- Carpatho-Ukraine (Ruthenia)
- 486, 1835, 1837, 2015, 2020, 2021, 2032, 2083, 3120.
- Carpentras
- 2878.
- Carpi, battle of
- 657.
- Carranza, Venustiano, Mexican leader
- 1621, 2290, 2292, 2292, 2292, 2292, 2293, 2293, 2293, 2294, 2294, 2296, 2296, 2296, 2297.
- Carrara family
- 538.
- Carré, inventor
- 986.
- Carrera, José Miguel, Latin American leader
- 1648, 1648, 1648, 1648.
- Carrera, Rafael
- 1680, 1681, 1681, 1682, 1686.
- Carrhae
- 216, 241, 257, 272, 272, 272.
- Carrier, Jean Baptiste, French leader
- 1005.
- Carrillo Colina, Braulio, Latin American leader
- 1685.
- Carrillo Puerto, Felipe, Mexican Marxist
- 2297.
- Carrizal, clash of Americans and Mexicans at
- 2294.
- Carson, Rachel, environmentalist author
- 2642, 3407.
- Cartagena
- 588, 660, 897, 897, 906, 906, 910, 911, 911, 1131, 1650, 1650, 1932, 3475, 3585.
- Cartagena del Chaira, Colombia
- 3591.
- Cartel des Gauches, France
- 1901, 1905.
- cartels
- 1142, 1700.
- Carter, Howard, archaeologist
- 2354.
- Carter, Jimmy, U.S. president
- 2674, 2675, 2676, 3185, 3289, 3425, 3425, 3426, 3426, 3427, 3642, 3654, 3668, 3676, 3678, 3679, 3742, 3777, 4162, 4218.
- Carteret, George
- 935.
- Carteret, Philip, English navigator
- 865.
- Carthage
- 81, 108, 108, 108, 109, 110, 110, 110, 185, 185, 185, 189, 199, 200, 202, 204, 211, 220, 220, 220, 220, 225, 226, 229, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 231, 231, 231, 231, 232, 232, 232, 232, 234, 235, 266, 322, 404, 404, 429, 431.
- Carthago Nova
- 228.
- Carthusians, religious order
- 466.
- Cartier, Jacques, French explorer
- 597, 920, 920.
- Carus, Roman emperor
- 258, 258, 272.
- Carvalho e Melo, José de, Portuguese leader
- 916.
- Carver, John, governor of Plymouth Colony
- 926, 926.
- Cary, Lucius
- See Falkland, Lucius Cary, lord, English parliamentarian.
- Carystus
- 190.
- Casablanca
- 295, 529, 1132, 1132, 1378, 1378, 1699, 2614, 2615, 3919, 3919, 3922, 3924.
- Casa da Índia, Portugal
- 918.
- Casa de Contratación, Spain
- 908, 909, 909, 911.
- Casado, Segismundo, Spanish leader
- 1932.
- Casale
- 656.
- Casamance
- 4351, 4378, 4379, 4381.
- Casanova, Carlos Vides, Salvadoran leader
- 3669.
- Casa Pia, Lisbon orphanage
- 731.
- Casas Viejas
- 1927.
- Casco Bay
- 926.
- Casement, Roger
- 1544, 1858, 1858, 2808.
- Caserio, Santo, Italian anarchist
- 1195.
- Cashel
- 425, 425; synod of, 444.
- Cashin, Michael P., Newfoundland leader
- 2235.
- Casimire-Périer, Jean, French leader
- 1187.
- Casimir I, the Restorer
- 486.
- Casimir II, the Just
- 487.
- Casimir III, the Great
- 555, 555, 555.
- Casimir IV, king of Poland
- 550, 555, 556, 556, 557, 632.
- Caspian Sea
- 116, 120, 206, 272, 272, 302, 319, 797, 816, 1258, 1351, 2595, 3314, 3337.
- Cass, Lewis, U.S. leader
- 1579.
- Cassa del Mezzogiorno, Italy
- 2929.
- Cassander, king of Macedonia
- 209, 209, 209, 209, 209.
- Cassano, battle of
- 1011, 1011.
- Cassel, battle of
- 520.
- Cassel, Ernest
- 1133.
- Cassian of Marseilles, Christian monk
- 401, 406.
- Cassino
- 2617, 2618.
- Cassiodorus, Flavius Magnus Aurelius, scholar
- 268, 406.
- Cassius, Caius Avidius, Roman general
- 254.
- Cassius, Lucius Spurius, Roman consul
- 225.
- Cassius Longinus, Caius, Roman general
- 241, 241.
- Castaneda, Carlos, U.S. leader
- 2210.
- Castañeda, Salvador, Salvadoran leader
- 2282, 3662.
- Casteau, Belgium
- 2727.
- Castelar y Ripoll, Emilio, Spanish leader
- 1203.
- Castelfidaro, battle of
- 1212.
- Castel Gandolfo
- 2954.
- Castellfuerte, marqués de, Spanish colonial administrator
- 913.
- Castelli, Juan José, Latin American commander
- 1649.
- Castelo Branco, Humberto, Brazilian leader
- 3613, 3614.
- Castelo Melhor, of
- 727, 727, 727.
- caste system
- 73, 129, 129, 830, 1395.
- Caste War, Mexico
- 2293.
- Castiglione, Baldassare, Italian writer
- 607.
- Castiglione, Francesco
- See Pius VIII, pope.
- Castile
- 281, 419, 420, 420, 420, 420, 420, 443, 444, 476, 476, 478, 479, 480, 480, 480, 480, 480, 481, 511, 521, 525, 525, 526, 528, 528, 528, 528, 529, 529, 601, 601, 601, 601, 603, 604, 613, 722, 894, 894, 895, 908, 909, 909, 909, 909, 1931; union with Aragon, 527.
- Castilla, Ramón, Latin American leader
- 1670, 1670, 1670, 2243, 2243.
- Castilla del Oro
- 895.
- Castillo Armas, Carlos, Guatemalan leader
- 3649, 3649, 3649, 3649, 3650.
- Castlebar, battle of
- 701.
- Castle of St. Angelo, Rome
- 614.
- Castlereagh, viscount, Robert Stewart, English leader
- 1032, 1045, 1047, 1272.
- Castracani, Castruccio, lord of Lucca
- 534.
- Castro, Cipriano, Latin American leader
- 1675, 1675, 1676, 1676, 1676.
- Castro, Inez de, murder of
- 528.
- Castro, Léon Cortés, Costa Rican leader
- 2287.
- Castro, Pimenta de, Portuguese dictator
- 1934.
- Castro Jijón, Ramón, Ecuadorian leader
- 3567.
- Castro Madriz, José María, Latin American leader
- 1685.
- Castro Ruz, Fidel, Cuban leader
- 2637, 2644, 2657, 3404, 3406, 3465, 3541, 3567, 3592, 3605, 3659, 3714, 3714, 3714, 3714, 3714, 3715, 3715, 3715, 3715, 3715, 3715, 3715, 3716, 3716, 3716, 3717, 3717, 3717, 3717, 3718, 3718, 3719, 3720, 3721, 3721, 3721, 3721, 3722, 3722, 3722, 3722, 3723, 3724, 3725, 3726, 3726, 3726, 3727.
- Castro Ruz, Raúl, Cuban leader
- 3714, 3716, 3726.
- Catalan Center, political party
- 1204.
- Catalan Charter of Autonomy
- 1926.
- Catalan Grand Company
- 565, 565, 565, 565.
- Catalonia
- 419, 419, 476, 477, 477, 479, 479, 525, 525, 601, 604, 606, 653, 657, 718, 719, 719, 720, 720, 721, 722, 725, 727, 908, 1034, 1062, 1204, 1204, 1920, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1928, 1929, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1931, 1932, 2892, 2895, 2899, 2901; union with Aragon, 477, 479; separatism, 1921; autonomy, 2898.
- Catalonian Union
- 1921.
- Catana
- 184, 194, 196, 199.
- Catania
- 2617.
- Catargiu, Barbu, Romanian leader
- 1314.
- Catargiu, Lascar, Romanian leader
- 1317.
- Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of
- 588, 602, 602, 608, 612.
- catechisms
- 609, 614.
- Caterpillar tractor
- 988.
- Catesby, Robert, English conspirator
- 589.
- Catharists
- 469, 544.
- cathedrals
- 443.
- Catherine, wife of Henry V of England
- 522.
- Catherine I, empress of Russia
- 783, 785, 786.
- Catherine II, the Great
- 578, 665, 766, 770, 782, 783, 788, 789, 789, 789, 789, 789, 789, 789, 790, 1437; Greek Scheme, 1272.
- Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII
- 585, 585, 586, 586, 586.
- Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II of England
- 648, 674, 727.
- Catherine of Siena
- 530.
- Catholic Action Committee, Czechoslovakia
- 3124.
- Catholic Association
- 1051, 1051, 1052.
- Catholic Center Party, Germany
- 1235, 1235, 1971, 1986.
- Catholic Church
- See Roman Catholic Church.
- Catholic Conservatives, Switzerland
- 2970.
- Catholic Defense Association, Great Britain and Ireland
- 1165, 1166.
- Catholic Emancipation Act, England
- 1051, 1068.
- Catholic emancipation policy, England
- 1051, 1051, 1051.
- Catholic League
- 616, 617.
- Catholic Party, Belgium
- 1882, 1882.
- Catholic Party, Italy
- 1942.
- Catholic Popular Action Party
- 1928.
- Catholic Relief Act, Ireland
- 701, 701.
- Catilinarian Conspiracy
- 239.
- Catiline, Lucius Sergius Catilina
- 239, 240.
- Catinat, Nicholas de, French marshal
- 654.
- Cato, Marcus Porcius, Roman leader
- 229, 240, 241.
- Cato Street conspiracy, England
- 1046, 1047.
- Catroux, Georges, French leader
- 2377, 2382.
- Cattaneo, Carlo, Italian leader
- 1092, 1092.
- Cattaro
- 563.
- Catullus, Caius Valerius, Roman poet
- 239.
- Catulus, Quintus Lutatius, Roman consul
- 230, 237.
- Cauca
- 1673, 1674.
- Caucasia
- 274, 291, 319, 319, 323, 439, 532, 797, 799, 806, 807, 811, 812, 955, 1329, 1334, 1334, 1345, 1346, 1349, 1740, 1748, 1749, 1753, 2067, 2073, 2080, 2319, 2595, 2627, 2637.
- Cauchy, Augustin-Louis, mathematician
- 1039, 1040.
- Caudine Forks
- 227.
- Cavagnari, Pierre
- 1108.
- Cavaignac, Louis, French commander
- 1081.
- Cavaliers
- 592, 674, 676. See Royalists, English Civil War.
- Cavendish, Margaret, duchess of Newcastle
- 639.
- Cavite
- 1481, 2627; mutiny, 1481.
- Cavour, Camillo Benso di
- 1091, 1210, 1211, 1211, 1211, 1211, 1211, 1211, 1212, 1212, 1212, 1213.
- Cawnpore
- 1396.
- Caxton, William, printer
- 516.
- Cayenne
- 641.
- Cayley, George, aviation pioneer
- 990.
- Cayman Islands
- 2636, 3765.
- Cayuga Indians
- 935.
- Ceará
- 915, 916.
- Ceau
 escu, Nicolae, Romanian leader
- 2727, 2731, 3128, 3250, 3250, 3250, 3250, 3252, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3254, 3254, 3254, 3255, 3256.
- Cebu
- 574, 865, 867.
- Cecil, 1st viscount, Robert, British diplomat
- 1784.
- Cecil, William
- 588.
- Cecryphaleia
- 192.
- Cedar Creek, battle of
- 1589.
- cedars of Lebanon
- 101, 108.
- Cedeño, Arévalo, Venezuelan leader
- 2269.
- Cedillo, Saturnino, Mexican leader
- 2299.
- Cedras, Raoul, Haitian leader
- 3750, 3752, 3753.
- Celaya, battle of
- 2293.
- Celebes
- 841, 2627, 4119, 4125, 4125.
- Celera Genomics Corp
- 2705, 3441.
- Celestin, Capuchin monk in Africa
- 875.
- Celestine I, pope
- 401.
- Celestine II, pope
- 468.
- Celestine IV, pope
- 458.
- Celestine V, pope
- 469, 470.
- Cellini, Benvenuto, Italian artist
- 597, 607.
- cells
- 1151, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1154.
- celluloid
- 984.
- cellulose fibers
- 984.
- Celman, Miguel Juárez, Latin American leader
- 1660, 1660.
- Celsius, Anders, scientist
- 761.
- Celtiberians
- 228, 233, 233.
- Celts
- 46, 209, 209, 209, 222, 228, 279, 402, 402, 402, 421, 421, 421, 421, 422, 422, 424, 425.
- Cem, Ismail, Turkish leader
- 2698, 3233, 3786, 3805.
- Cenomani
- 228, 233.
- censorship
- 1858, 1871, 3129; England, 674; 17th century England, 681; Portugal, 730, 2912; Italy, 742, 744, 1947; Germany, 1071; Central Europe, 1073; Prussia, 1096; Russia, 1258, 1258, 3294, 3300; Poland, 1267, 3112, 3116; Ottoman Empire, 1345; Libya, 1393; Austria, 2007; Korea, 2489, 2491, 4203, 4212; Japan, 2520; France, 2850; Spain, 2894, 2896; Czechoslovakia, 3134; Hungary, 3153; Croatia, 3191; Greece, 3218, 3220; Romania, 3253, 3254; Kirghizstan, 3342; Uruguay, 3529, 3531; Peru, 3561; Brazil, 3619; Iran, 3786, 3830; Turkey, 3789, 3792; Sri Lanka, 4032; Maldives, 4044; Malaysia, 4114; Taiwan, 4184; Cameroon, 4332.
- Censorship Act, Finland
- 1254.
- census
- 156; in Ottoman Empire, 1330, 1345, 1347; in India, 1394; in Malaya, 1411; U.S., 1617.
- Center Alliance, Poland
- 3112.
- Center Party, Cumman na nGaedheal
- 1873.
- Center Party, Germany
- 1782, 1975.
- Center-Right Hungarian Democratic Forum
- 3156.
- Center Union Party, Greece
- 3216.
- Central Administration of the North Sea Route
- 998.
- Central Africa
- 344, 352, 869, 953, 1510, 1538, 1546, 2554, 2555, 2652, 4320, 4320, 4408, 4422, 4453, 4453, 4455.
- Central African Republic
- 2867, 4327, 4333, 4333, 4334, 4360; independence, 4333; student unrest, 4333.
- Central America
- 28, 34, 34, 40, 40, 40, 40, 41, 61, 570, 575, 579, 896, 911, 956, 961, 1099, 1655, 1680, 1680, 2274, 2278, 2600, 2643, 3475, 3478, 3637, 3658; and U.S., 2187, 3436, 3471; WWI, 2274.
- Central American Common Market, CACM
- 3468, 3662.
- Central American Confederation
- 1680, 1681, 1682, 1685.
- Central American Conference
- 2274.
- Central American Court of Justice
- 2274, 2274, 2283.
- Central American Defense Council, CONDECA
- 3471.
- Central Asia
- 67, 279, 852, 962, 1259, 1261, 3271, 4158.
- Central Bank
- 3525.
- Central Bank, Brazil
- 3628.
- Central Bank, Philippines
- 4291, 4291.
- Central Bank of Uzbekistan
- 3388.
- Central Committee, Austria
- 1089.
- Central Committee, Soviet
- 2067.
- Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP
- 4156.
- Central Committee of the Communist Party (CPSU)
- 3263, 3300.
- Central Congo
- 1545.
- Central Corporative Committee, Italy
- 1952.
- Central Electricity Board, Great Britain
- 1844.
- Central Europe
- 1021, 1034, 1071, 1142, 1230, 1702, 1984, 2718, 2728, 2731, 2734, 2964; between Wars, 1829, 1834, 1835; cost of WWII, 2700.
- Central Intelligence Agency, CIA
- 2651, 3394, 3406, 3414, 3510, 3511, 3511, 3512, 3642, 3648, 3649, 3649, 3651, 3696, 3717, 3735, 3736, 3816, 4436.
- Central Pacific Railroad
- 989.
- Central Powers
- 1266, 1743, 1746, 1748, 1750, 1751, 1753, 1758, 1758, 1759, 1761, 1769, 1772, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1774, 1774, 1776, 1777, 1807, 1941, 2053, 2064, 2064, 2066, 2110, 2111, 2113, 2318.
- Central Provinces, India
- 836, 1397.
- Central Treaty Organization, CENTO
- 2637, 2654, 3771.
- centrifugal cream separator
- 1251.
- Cenú
- 570.
- Ceos
- 202.
- Cephalonia
- 168, 501.
- Cerati, monsignor, Italian educator
- 744.
- Ceraunus
- See Seleucus III Soter, king of Syria.
- Cerchi, Vieri, Ghibelline leader
- 534.
- Cerda, Pedro Aguirre, Chilean leader
- 2247.
- Cerdagne
- 477, 479, 523, 597, 604, 648.
- Cerealis, Petillius, Roman general
- 251, 251.
- Ceres
- 1038.
- Cerezo Arévalo, Marco Vinicio, Guatemalan leader
- 3655, 3655.
- Cerignola, battle of
- 607.
- Cerna, Vicente, Latin American leader
- 1681.
- Cerna River
- 1797.
- Cernavoda
- 1806.
- Cernigov
- 490.
 ernik, Oldrich, Czech leader
- 3128, 3131.
- Cernius, Jonas, Lithuanian leader
- 2094.
- Cerro, Luis Sánchez, Latin American leader
- 2260.
- Cerro Corá
- 1665.
- Cerro de Pasco, Peruvian firm
- 1670, 2259, 2262, 3555.
- Cerro Gordo, battle of
- 1578.
- Cerro Maravilla
- 3732.
- Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, Spanish writer
- 604.
- Cesalpino, Andrea, Italian botanist
- 638.
- Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de, Cuban leader
- 2303, 2303.
- Cetewayo, African leader
- 1556.
- Cetshwayo, African leader
- 1552.
- Cettinje, taken by Austrians
- 1744.
- Ceuta
- 323, 528, 529, 1376.
- Cévennes
- 714.
- Ceyhan, Turkey
- 3804.
- Ceylon
- 129, 130, 131, 134, 134, 158, 326, 336, 336, 338, 338, 339, 339, 341, 341, 341, 596, 833, 836, 1018, 1372, 2636, 2763, 3958, 4026, 4026, 4026, 4026, 4026, 4026, 4027, 4027, 4028, 4028, 4028, 4028, 4028, 4029, 4029, 4030, 4030, 4031, 4031, 4032, 4032, 4032, 4154; and Great Britain, 4026, 4027; dominion, 4026; and U.S., 4026; and China, 4027, 4028; student unrest, 4032. See Sri Lanka.
- Ceylon Worker's Congress, CWC
- 4034.
- Cézanne, Paul, artist
- 1146.
- Chaadayev, Paul A., writer
- 1258.
- Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, French leader
- 2860.
- Chabi, Korean king
- 161.
- Chablais
- 625, 626.
- Chabrias, Athenian general
- 201, 203.
- Chacabuco, battle of
- 1648.
- Chachapoyas
- 898.
- Ch'a Chi-ch'ol, bodyguard
- 4209.
- Chaco
- 570, 1666, 1666, 1666, 2248, 2248.
- Chaco Boreal
- 2255.
- Chaco Canyon
- 40.
- Chacón, Lázaro, Guatemalan leader
- 2278.
- Chaco War, Bolivia and Paraguay
- 1717, 1721, 2248, 2255, 2255, 2255.
- Chad
- 1509, 1527, 2556, 2679, 3948, 3948, 3948, 3949, 4320, 4325, 4332, 4336, 4336, 4336, 4336, 4336, 4336, 4337, 4381; independence, 4336.
- Chadwick, Edwin, British reformer
- 1048.
- Chadwick Commission, England
- 1049.
- Chaerea, Cassius, Roman conspirator against Caligula
- 248.
- Chagadai, Mongol leader
- 374.
- Chagga
- 347.
- Chaghadai khanate
- 374, 376.
- Chagri Beg, Seljuk leader
- 301.
- Chahar, Chinese province
- 852, 2476, 2481.
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