- Patriot Party, Holland
- 705, 705.
- Patrona Halil, Janissary rebel
- 807.
- Patronato Law, Spain
- 1693.
- Patrons of Husbandry
- See Grange, U.S..
- Päts, Konstantin, Estonian leader
- 2102, 2102, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2108.
- Patsatsia, Otar, Georgian leader
- 3328.
- Pattakos, Styliano, Greek leader
- 3218, 3223.
- Patzinaks (Pechenegs)
- 440, 441, 441, 441, 488, 491, 492, 496, 498, 499, 501, 501, 501.
- Pauker, Anna, Romanian leader
- 3246, 3249.
- St. Paul (Saul) of Tarsus, Christian leader
- 250, 259, 401, 401.
- Paul, king of Greece
- 3208, 3211, 3214, 3216, 3216.
- Paul, prince-regent of Yugoslavia
- 2134, 2134.
- Paul I, tsar of Russia
- 783, 790, 790, 790, 1010.
- Paul II, pope
- 532.
- Paul III, pope
- 604, 609.
- Paul IV, pope
- 608, 609, 609.
- Paul V, pope
- 610.
- Paul VI, pope
- 2663, 2665, 2667, 2675, 2777, 2955, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2957, 2958, 2958, 2959, 2959, 2960, 2960, 3098, 3152, 3239, 3472, 4305.
- Paul, Alice, U.S. reformer
- 1621, 2187.
- Pauli, Wolfgang, physicist
- 1729.
- Paulicians
- 435, 441.
- Pauline letters
- 259.
- Paulinus, Suetonius, governor of Britain
- 249.
- Paulistas, slave raiders
- 916, 916, 916.
- Paullus, Lucius Aemilius, Roman consul
- 211, 231, 233, 233.
- Paul the Deacon, historian
- 408, 411.
- Paulus, Julius, Roman jurist
- 255.
- Pausanias, king of Sparta
- 189, 189, 190, 199.
- Pavia
- 269, 408, 408, 408, 409, 416, 465, 472, 537, 537, 537.
- Pavia, battles of
- 586, 602, 607, 614.
- Pavia, Felix, Paraguayan leader
- 2250, 2250.
- Pavia, synod of
- 469.
- Pavia-Siena, council of
- 531.
- Pavia University
- 742.
- Pavletic, Vlatko, Croatian leader
- 3192, 3192.
- Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, physiologist
- 1144, 1152.
- Pavlov, Valentin, Russian leader
- 3303.
- Pavón, battle of
- 1659.
- Pawtucket
- 1565.
- Pax des dames
- See Cambrai.
- pax Romana
- 246.
- Paxton, Joseph, construction engineer
- 984.
- Payer, Julius, Austrian explorer
- 996.
- Payne-Aldrich Act, U.S.
- 1486.
- Payne-Aldrich tariff, U.S.
- 1617.
- Paz, Octavio, writer
- 3465.
- Paz Estenssoro, Victor, Bolivian leader
- 3538, 3538, 3538, 3538, 3539, 3539, 3546, 3546, 3547, 3547.
- Paz García, Policarpo, Honduran leader
- 3694.
- Pazmany, cardinal
- 635.
- Pazyryk burial mounds, Siberia
- 47.
- Paz Zamora, Jaime, Bolivian leader
- 3548, 3548.
- Pazzi conspiracy
- 532, 536, 537.
- Pazzi family
- 535.
- Pe, Egypt
- 91.
- Peace Association
- 2461.
- Peace Ballot
- 1849.
- Peace Corps
- 3406, 4336.
- peace negotiations
- 1769, 1769; WWII, 1699. See World War I.
- Peace of 562
- 427.
- peace of 1126
- 502.
- peace of 1176
- 502.
- peace of 1295
- 470.
- peace of 1381
- 560.
- Peace of Apamea
- 214.
- Peace of Augsburg
- 615.
- Peace of Callias
- 193.
- Peace of Cateau-Cambresis
- 598.
- Peace of Chastenoy
- 599.
- Peace of Church
- 712.
- Peace of Constantine
- 401.
- “peace offensive”
- 3264.
- Peace of God
- 466; and feudalism, 449.
- Peace of Lapseki
- 312.
- Peace of Naupactus
- 211.
- Peace of Nicias
- 196, 197.
- Peace of Nürnberg
- 615.
- Peace of Paris
- See Paris.
- Peace of Philocrates
- 204, 204.
- Peace of Phoenice
- 211, 232.
- Peace of Prague
- 621.
- Peace of Troyes
- 588.
- Peace of Vienna
- See Vienna.
- Peace of Westphalia
- See Westphalia.
- Peace Preservation Law, Japan
- 1454.
- “Peach Blossom Spring”
- 158.
- Peacock Theatre
- 1868.
- Peake, Frederick, British commander
- 2397.
- Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
- 2481, 2483, 2521, 2531, 2625, 2626.
- Pearl Street, New York City
- 981.
- Pearse, Patrick H., Irish rebel
- 1858.
- Pearson, Karl, social scientist
- 1148.
- Pearson, Lester B., Canadian leader
- 2717, 3446, 3447, 3449, 3449, 3451, 3452.
- Pearson, Paul M., governor of Virgin Islands
- 2311.
- Peary, Robert E., American explorer
- 997, 997.
- Peasant Land Bank, Russia
- 1261.
- Peasant Party, Bulgaria
- 2160, 2160, 2166.
- Peasant Party, Poland
- 1269, 2119, 2122.
- Peasants' Revolt, England
- 514, 514.
- Peasants' War, in Swabia and Franconia
- 614.
- Pe
- 562, 562.
- Peçanha, Nilo, Latin American leader
- 1677.
- Pechenegs
- See Patzinaks (Pechenegs).
- Pechenga
- 2054.
- Pedi people
- 1552, 1554, 1555.
- Pedro I, emperor of Brazil
- 1064, 1064, 1656, 1656, 1656, 1656, 1677, 1677.
- Pedro II, emperor of Brazil
- 1677, 1677, 1677.
- Pedro II, king of Aragon
- 479.
- Pedro III, king of Aragon (later Peter I of Sicily)
- 459, 526, 533, 533, 564.
- Pedro (Peter) IV, king of Aragon
- 525, 526, 526, 526.
- Pedro V, king of Portugal
- 1207.
- Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile and León
- 521, 525.
- Pedubast I, king of Egypt
- 94.
- Peel, Robert
- 1046, 1047, 1049, 1051.
- Peel, Thomas, settler in Australia
- 1489.
- Peel Commission, Palestine
- 1851, 2391, 2391.
- Peelites, England
- 1155, 1157.
- Pegu
- 336, 341, 342, 844, 844, 844, 844, 845, 845, 845, 845, 846, 1402, 1402, 1402.
- Pehlvi
- 131.
- Pehrsson, Axel, Swedish leader
- 2050.
- Pei Ju, Chinese leader
- 367.
- Peirce, Charles Sanders, philosopher
- 1144.
- Peisistratids
- 179, 180, 188.
- Peisistratus, tyrant of Athens
- 180, 180, 180.
- Peixoto, Floriano, Latin American leader
- 1677.
- Pejë
- 1326.
- Pekah
- 105.
- Pekahiah
- 105.
- Peker, Recep, Turkish leader
- 3788.
- Peking
- See Beijing.
- Pekkala, Mauno, Finnish leader
- 3071.
- Pelagius, papal legate
- 507.
- Pelambang
- 841.
- Pelayo, ruler of Asturias
- 420.
- Pelé, soccer player
- 3617.
- Pelekanon, battle of
- 309.
- Peleset
- See Philistia.
- Peli, king of Elam
- 122.
- Peliza, Robert, Gibraltarian leader
- 2923.
- Pella
- 197.
- Pella, Guiseppe
- 2932.
- Pellegrini, Carlos, Latin American leader
- 1660.
- Pelliot, Paul, French Orientalist
- 1425.
- Pelloux, Luigi, Italian leader
- 1222.
- Pelopidas, Theban general
- 200, 202.
- Peloponnesian League
- 179, 179, 187, 193, 195, 197, 201.
- Peloponnesian Wars
- 186, 186, 192, 192, 195.
- Peloponnesus
- 168, 170, 174, 178, 189, 190, 191, 192, 192, 192, 193, 196, 196, 196, 196, 198, 198, 198, 204, 204, 206, 209, 210, 210, 210, 211, 242, 403, 430, 438, 508, 508, 564, 1272.
- Pelops
- 211.
- Pemba
- 1528, 1528, 1529.
- Pembroke
- 425.
- PEMEX
- 3704, 3705, 3707.
- Peña Gomez, José Francisco, Dominican leader
- 3743, 3744.
- Penal Code, France
- 1182.
- penal codes
- 1332, 1368; Egypt, 1368; Japan, 1452.
- Peñaloza, Vicente (“El Chacho”), Latin American leader
- 1660.
- Penang
- 842, 1411.
- Peñaranda, Enrique, Bolivian leader
- 2257, 2257.
- Pendleton Act, U.S.
- 1601.
- Dehuai, Peng, Chinese leader
- 2475, 4143, 4151, 4151.
- Penguin Books
- 1850.
- Peng Zhen, Chinese leader
- 4156, 4166.
- Peninsula and Oriental Steamship Company
- 1492.
- Peninsula Campaign
- 1587.
- Peninsulars
- 912, 912, 1653.
- Peninsular War
- 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1028, 1028, 1029, 1062.
- Penjdeh
- 1112.
- Penn, William, founder of Pennsylvania
- 935, 935.
- Penna, Affonso, Latin American leader
- 1677.
- Pennsylvania
- 935, 935, 935, 939, 940, 940, 943, 944, 948, 950, 956, 981, 983, 989, 1565, 1575, 2641, 2653, 3420, 3426; in the Civil War, 1588, 1588.
- Penobscot River
- 1624.
- Peñon, fortress
- 826.
- Peñon de Velez
- 1376.
- Penruddock, John, English rebel
- 671.
- Pensacola
- 905, 907.
- Pentagon
- 3414.
- Pentagon Papers
- 3422.
- Pentapolis
- 408, 410, 473.
- Pentateuch
- 105.
- Pentathlus of Sparta
- 185.
- Pentland Firth
- 424.
- Pentonville system
- 1490.
- People's Action Party, Singapore
- 4108, 4117, 4117.
- People's Alliance, Sri Lanka
- 4038.
- People's Association
- 2488.
- People's Budget, England
- 1163.
- People's Court, Nazi Germany
- 1986.
- People's Democratic Front
- 3247.
- People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
- 3832.
- People's Front, Yugoslavia
- 3167.
- People's Liberation Army, PLA
- 4145, 4151, 4152, 4156, 4157, 4157, 4157, 4158, 4165, 4167.
- People's Liberation Front, Ceylon
- 4032.
- People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam, PLOTE
- 4042.
- People's National Congress, British Guiana
- 3758.
- People's National Congress, PNC
- 3767.
- People's National Movement, Trinidad and Tobago
- 3757.
- People's National Party of Jamaica, PNP
- 3762, 3766.
- People's Party, Austria
- 3028.
- People's Party, Egypt
- 2354.
- People's Party, Germany
- 1975, 1978, 1999.
- People's Party, Siam
- 2451.
- People's Party, Syria
- 3839.
- People's Party, Turkey
- 2325.
- People's Party, U.S.
- 1605.
- People's Progressive Party, PPP
- 3756, 3758, 3766.
- People's Progressive Party, Gambia
- 4343.
- People's Republic of China
- See Chinese People's Republic (PRC).
- People's Socialist Community, Cambodia
- 4076.
- People's Socialist Party, South Yemen
- 3891.
- People's United Front, Ceylon
- 4026.
- People's Unity Union, Kazakhstan
- 3334.
- People's Volunteer Organization, Burma
- 4049.
- Peoria
- 921.
- Pepe, Guglielmo, Italian rebel leader
- 1066.
- Pepin I, king of Aquitaine
- 411, 411, 411.
- Pepin I of Landen, Frankish mayor of the palace
- 407, 407, 407.
- Pepin II of Heristal, Frankish ruler
- 407, 407, 407.
- Pepin III, the Short
- 407, 408, 408, 408, 410, 410, 410, 410, 410, 410, 411, 432.
- pepper trade
- 840, 841, 841.
- Pepsi-Cola
- 2640.
- Pepy I, king of Egypt
- 91, 103.
- Pepy II, king of Egypt
- 91.
- Pequot Indians
- 927.
- Peraea
- 250.
- Perak
- 838, 838, 1410, 1411, 1411, 1411.
- Peralta Azurdia, Enrique, Guatemalan leader
- 3651.
- Peralta y Barnuevo, Pedro de, Spanish-American writer
- 912.
- Perdiccas, Macedonian general
- 217.
- Perdiccas, regent for Philip III Arrhidaeus
- 209.
- Perdiccas I, king of Macedon
- 182.
- Perdiccas II, king of Macedon
- 193, 197.
- Pereda Asbun, Juan, Bolivian leader
- 3543.
- Pereira, Gabriel A., Latin American leader
- 1667.
- Pereira de Melo, Fontes, Portuguese leader
- 1207.
- Pereira De Souza, Washington Luís, Brazilian leader
- 2271, 2271, 2271.
- Pereire, Jacob Émile and Isaac, French financiers
- 1178.
- Perennis, Tigidius, Roman praetorian prefect
- 254.
- Perequazione, tax system
- 738.
- Peres, Shimon, Israeli leader
- 3861, 3862, 3862, 3863, 3864, 3865.
- Perestrello, Bartholomew, father-in-law of Columbus
- 572.
- perestroika
- 3294, 3297.
- Peretti, Felice
- See Sixtus V, pope.
- Pereyra de Faria, Bento, Portuguese envoy to China
- 852.
- Pérez, Carlos Andres, Venezuelan leader
- 3601, 3601, 3601, 3601, 3603, 3604.
- Pérez, José Joaquín, Latin American leader
- 1663, 1663.
- Pérez Balladares, Ernesto, Panamanian leader
- 3646, 3646.
- Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, U.N. leader
- 2688, 3915.
- Pérez Jiménez, Marcos, Venezuelan leader
- 3597, 3597, 3597, 3598.
- Pergamon
- 431.
- Pergamum
- 211, 213, 213, 213, 213, 214, 214, 214, 215, 233, 233, 233, 235, 235, 245, 246, 246.
- Pergolesi, Giovanni, Italian composer
- 735.
- Periander, tyrant of Corinth
- 179, 180.
- Pericles, Athenian statesman
- 186, 191, 192, 192, 192, 193, 193, 194, 196, 196.
- Périgord
- 451, 451.
- Perioikoi, non-Spartan Laconians
- 178.
- Peripatetic School of philosophy, Lyceum
- 186, 208.
- Periplus
- 132.
- Perkin, William H., chemist
- 983.
- Perkins, Francis, U.S. leader
- 2187, 2205.
- Perkins, Jacob, inventor
- 986.
- Perlate, Charlemagne, Haitian leader
- 2316.
- Perlis
- 1408, 1411, 1411, 2455.
- Perlis, ruler of Malaysia
- 4108.
- Perm
- 2067.
- Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague
- 959, 970, 1698.
- Permanent Court of International Justice
- See World Court, Hague.
- Permanent Joint Defense Board
- 3391.
- Permet
- 2143.
- Pernambuco
- 574, 915, 915, 916, 918, 918, 918, 1656, 1677, 2273.
- Perón, Eva Duarte de, Argentine leader
- 3480, 3484.
- Perón, Juan D.
- 1704, 1705, 3481, 3481, 3482, 3483, 3483, 3483, 3484, 3484, 3484, 3484, 3484, 3484, 3485, 3487, 3490, 3490, 3490, 3491.
- Perón, María Estela (Isabelita), Argentine leader
- 3491, 3492.
- Peronists
- 3482, 3484, 3485, 3485, 3485, 3487, 3502; revolt, 3485.
- Peronist Women's Party
- 3481.
- Péronne
- 1738, 1755, 1800, 1812, 1812.
- Peroz, king of Persia
- 273, 273, 273, 324.
- Perpendicular Gothic style
- 513, 513.
- Perpetual Peace
- 427.
- Perrault, Charles, French writer
- 714.
- Perrault, Claude, architect
- 643.
- Perry, Matthew C., U.S. admiral
- 576, 954, 1430, 1438, 1438, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1582.
- Perry, Oliver Hazard, U.S. commander
- 1623.
- Persepolis
- 120, 124, 206.
- Perseus, king of Macedonia
- 211, 211, 211, 233, 233, 234.
- Pershing, John J., U.S. commander
- 1621, 1781.
- Persia
- 68, 70, 70, 78, 81, 88, 88, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 105, 109, 109, 114, 115, 117, 119, 120, 121, 121, 122, 123, 123, 123, 124, 124, 124, 124, 127, 129, 177, 183, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 188, 188, 188, 189, 189, 189, 189, 189, 189, 189, 189, 190, 190, 190, 190, 192, 192, 192, 193, 193, 198, 198, 198, 198, 199, 199, 199, 199, 200, 200, 200, 203, 203, 205, 205, 205, 205, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 207, 207, 216, 256, 257, 257, 257, 257, 258, 258, 261, 261, 262, 263, 264, 270, 271, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 275, 275, 275, 275, 275, 275, 281, 287, 295, 296, 300, 301, 301, 301, 302, 308, 325, 331, 332, 334, 334, 334, 335, 347, 347, 362, 362, 362, 364, 368, 373, 375, 402, 427, 428, 428, 429, 429, 429, 429, 473, 474, 479, 530, 564, 575, 584, 584, 812, 812, 830, 831, 833, 847, 955, 957, 971, 977, 979, 1127, 1131, 1134, 1369, 1394, 1396, 1703; and India, 834; wars with Russia, 1256, 1258. See Iran.
- Persian calendar
- 3818.
- Persian carpets
- 813.
- Persian Cossack Brigade
- 1351, 1352, 1352.
- Persian Gulf
- 82, 84, 84, 85, 120, 127, 135, 155, 207, 253, 271, 288, 317, 323, 343, 794, 795, 812, 814, 817, 821, 840, 970, 974, 1131, 1133, 1327, 1347, 1358, 1360, 1361, 1750, 2341, 2344, 2408, 2413, 2596, 2636, 2683, 2684, 3775, 3776, 3778, 3780, 3782, 3784, 3825.
- Persian Gulf War
- 2636, 2638, 2641, 2641, 2686, 3390, 3428, 3606, 3875, 3899, 3900, 4118, 4310.
- Persian khanate
- 374.
- Persian Wars
- 186, 187, 187, 188, 188, 189, 189, 189, 193, 427, 427, 428, 428, 428, 429, 429.
- Persian Zoroastrian Amelioration Fund
- 1351.
- Persis, Fars
- 272, 272.
- Persius Flaccus, Aulus, Roman satirist
- 246.
- Persson, Goran, Swedish leader
- 3069.
- Perth
- 670, 1489.
- Pertinax, Roman emperor
- 255.
- Pertinax, Publius Helvetius
- See Pertinax, Roman emperor.
- Pertini, Alessandro, Italian leader
- 2925.
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