Hack 84. Spider Omni Antenna

The spider omni is possibly the smallest and simplest omnidirectional antenna design around.

This is one of the simplest and smallest homemade antenna designs we've seen for 2.4 GHz. It isn't much larger than a standard N connector because that is exactly what it is made of. It has been dubbed the spider omni, because it looks a bit like a crazed spider crawling up your antenna feed, as shown in Figure 6-4. Technically, it is a ground plane antenna, but practically speaking, it acts like a vertically polarized 3 dB omni.

Figure 6-4. The spider omni

The spider is simple to construct, if you have a good soldering iron and some basic tools. You need a standard N connector and about a foot or so of solid copper 12-2 romex (common 12-gauge electrical wiring). You'll also need a good vice to hold onto the pieces as you solder them, as well as a pair of needle-nose pliers, some good solder, and a bottle of flux.

First, cut five pieces of bare copper romex, each about 3 cm long. Straighten out each piece as best as you can. Using needle nose pliers, make a small 180-degree bend on one end of four of the pieces. Now, tin the bent tip of each piece, as well as one end of the remaining straight piece. This will make your soldering job much easier later.

If you don't know what tinning is, you might want to get the help of a friend who has experience with soldering. To tin means to cover the end of a piece of wire with solder before actually soldering it to your project. This helps the solder to flow better, and ultimately makes a better bond between the metal surfaces.

Next, solder the straight piece to the gold cup on your N connector [Appendix B]. Don't use too much solder; there should be just enough to fill the cup without overflowing. Prepare to solder the four legs directly onto the N connector's chassis. You need to use a lot of heat, and liquid flux will help the solder to flow better and bond to the body of the connector. I found it easiest to clamp the straight piece of wire, rather than the threaded bottom of the N connector. This helps to keep the heat from dissipating into your vise while you solder to the chassis.

Take your time, and don't use too much solder on the legs. When you are finished, let the whole thing cool for several minutes, as the chassis will be quite hot.

Now, trim all of the leads to about 20 mm past the edge of the housing. Trim the center lead to about 20 mm past the end of the gold cup. Bend the four radials connected to the housing down at a slight angle. Physically mounting the omni is straightforward if you use heavy feed line, such as LMR 400. Mount the antenna with the center lead pointing up.

The spider omni doesn't provide a tremendous amount of gain, about 3 dB or so, as far as we can tell from informal tests, but it does work quite well for what it is. Higher gain antennas are certainly possible [Hack #89], but they tend to be more complicated and much larger. For many applications, you just can't beat the size and cost of this tiny little antenna.