Overview of the 3002 Hardware Client

The 3002 is a hardware version of the Cisco VPN software client. Like the software client, it is easy to use, but provides much more scalability where a large number of SOHO sites need to connect to a central site. It is easy to deploy and support; most IPsec functionality is hidden from the user who has to deploy and manage it, just as is the case with the Cisco VPN Client software. The 3002 fully supports Cisco Easy VPN Remote technologies and is used as a remote access device, protecting traffic for users behind it.

Because the 3002 is an Easy VPN Remote, you can centralize policies on an Easy VPN Server and push them down to the 3002. The 3002 supports two modes for protecting users' traffic to a central site: client and network extension modes (these will be discussed later in the "Connection Modes" section). The following sections will discuss the features, models, and deployment options for the 3002.

3002 Features

The 3002 is easy to deploy and support. It already is a DHCP client on its public interface, acquiring addressing information dynamically from the ISP (the 3002 also supports PPPoE on its public interface in addition to static IP addressing). It has a static IP address on its private interface and is a DHCP server on the private interface, giving out addressing information to internal devices. It supports a Quick Configuration process similar to the VPN 3000 concentrators, making it easy to set it up to connect to an Easy VPN Server. Here are some of the 3002's many features:

• It is fully IPsec-compliant and supports the following IPsec functions: Automatic configuration of ISAKMP/IKE Phase 1 Policies and Phase 2 transformsyou don't need to configure these on the client; authentication with pre-shared keys and digital certificates; DH groups 1, 2, and 5; ESP in tunnel mode, NAT-T, IPsec over UDP, and IPsec over TCP; DES, 3DES, AES-128, and AES-256 encryption algorithms; and SHA-1 and MD5 HMAC functions.

  Note

  Due to limited room for storing transforms on the 3002, it does not support AES-192 for encryption.

• It supports Path MTU discovery and manual MTU adjustment to reduce the likelihood of IPsec fragmentation.
• It can be upgraded from policies defined by an Easy VPN Server and pushed down to the 3002 during IKE Phase 1 in the IKE Mode Config step, allowing the 3002 to automatically download a new software image from a TFTP server and then reboot itself.
• It supports client and network extension modes. In client mode, the 3002 is assigned a single internal address and PATs all user's addresses to the internally assigned address from the concentrator; this makes all devices at the SOHO appear as one logical device from the corporate office's perspective. In network extension mode, the 3002 simulates an L2L tunnel, where no address translation is performed on the SOHO devices' addresses, making them appear as an extension of the corporate office network.
• It provides authentication credentials to bring up the IPsec tunnel (default or unit authentication), or one (interactive unit authentication) or more users (user authentication) can provide this information.
• It is fully compliant with the load balancing features of the VPN 3000 concentrators and ASA security appliances via VCA, and supports a backup server list for redundancy.
• It supports up to 253 devices behind its private interface.

3002 Models

There are two 3002 models, as shown in Figure 14-1 (rear of the chassis).

Figure 14-1. 3002 Models

In the figure, both models have an external power supply, a hardware reset button, an RJ-45 console interface (uses a roll-over cable), and a 10/100BaseTX public interface. The only difference between the two models is that the 3002 has a single 10/100BaseTX private interface and the 3002-8E has an 8-port 10/100BaseTX auto-sensing private interface. The front of the 3002 chassis has three LEDs. Table 14-1 explains the status of the LEDs.

Table 14-1. 3002 Front Chassis LEDs

LED	Color	Description
PWR	Off	3002 is powered off
	Green	3002 is powered on
SYS	Green	3002 is operational
	Flashing green	3002 is negotiating on its public interface using DHCP or PPPoE
	Flashing amber	3002 is performing diagnostic tests
	Solid amber	3002 has failed diagnostic tests
VPN	Off	No VPN tunnel has been established
	Amber	Establishing a VPN tunnel has failed
	Green	A VPN tunnel is established

 

Deployment of the 3002

Normally small remote offices or SOHO environments use remote access solutions to provide secure connections to a central site. Deploying a VPN gateway for an L2L connection is typically not necessary and cost-prohibitive. Therefore, there are four choices for VPN solutions in small remote office or SOHO environments:

• Software clients installed on users' desktops
• A small VPN-enabled router appliance
• A small VPN-enabled security appliance
• A 3002 hardware client appliance

The following sections will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using software and hardware clients.

Software Client Option

The main advantage that VPN software client solutions have over hardware solutions is that software clients are typically free, like the Cisco VPN Client and Microsoft's L2TP/IPsec client. However, they have many disadvantages:

• They scale poorly if you need to support a large number of them.
• They require more management and administration on a network administrator's part.
• They have limited operating system support (only Microsoft Windows 98 and higher, Linux/Intel, Solaris/UltraSparc, and MAC OS X are supported) for the Cisco software client.

The software client commonly is used for the home user and, more commonly, mobile users.

Hardware Client Option

Hardware clients can handle the limitations that software clients have:

• They can handle protection of traffic for multiple computers, thereby offloading the administration and maintenance to a smaller number of devicesthis is ideal for small branch offices or SOHO environments.
• They can protect any traffic the PC users send to the corporate office (typically limited to IP).
• They can provide additional features that PCs lack, such as stateful firewall functions, address translation, quality of service, and so on.
• The user can't mess up the VPN configuration because this is located on the secured hardware appliance (in this situation, two or three service calls to fix a user's software client configuration typically can pay for the cost of a VPN-enabled hardware appliance.
• You might not have control of the users' desktops, and therefore a hardware client solution is a better fit in this scenario.

If a VPN-enabled hardware appliance is a better fit for many sites in your network, you now need to decide which type of hardware appliance to use: security appliances (like the PIX 501 or 506E), routers (like the Cisco IOS 830s, UBR900s, and 1700s), or VPN 3002s. Table 14-2 displays when each type of hardware appliance should be deployed.

Table 14-2. VPN-Enabled Hardware Appliance Comparison

Device	Best for these purposes
IOS Router	Need a non-Ethernet interface connection to the ISP, such as ISDN, xDSL, or serial Need enhanced QoS Need voice support
PIX	Need a hardware-based stateful firewall Implements split tunneling Need complex address translation policies, especially with protocols that have problems with address translation (For non-Ethernet ISP connections, you'll still need a router)
3002	Need ease of implementation, upgrades, and support Requires little training since the GUI interface is the same as the VPN 3000 concentrators (For non-Ethernet ISP connections, you'll still need a router)

TIP

In most cases, if I needed to support voice connections or I needed a non-Ethernet-based ISP connection, I would use a router; for enhanced throughput, I'd get a 1700 series router with the VPN encryption module. If I needed to allow for split tunneling at the remote access site, or had need of complex address-translation policies, I would use a small-end PIX security appliance. If I had none of these concerns, then I would prefer to use a 3002 hardware client, because, of the three solutions, it is the easiest to install, upgrade, and maintain.