Multicast Over MPLS
Problem
You want to pass customer multicast traffic through an MPLS network.
Solution
For this recipe, we must configure Multicast capabilities on all of the different types of routers: C, CE, P, and PE. First, the C and CE routers, which we configure for multicast using exactly the same techniques that we used in Chapter 23:
Router-C-An#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-C-An(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-C-An(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 Router-C-An(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.12 255.255.255.0 Router-C-An(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-C-An(config-if)#exit Router-C-An(config)#end Router-C-An#
For the CE routers, we need to configure the interfaces that point to both the C and PE routers:
Router-CE-A1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-CE-A1(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-CE-A1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.1 Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 101 Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#exit Router-CE-A1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.2 Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 111 Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-CE-A1(config-subif)#exit Router-CE-A1(config)#end Router-CE-A1#
We will configure a static IGMP join-group statement on the Loopback interface of the other CE router to allow us to do a simple multicast connectivity demonstration later:
Router-CE-A2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-CE-A2(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-CE-A2(config)#interface Loopback0 Router-CE-A2(config-if)#ip address 10.8.8.8 255.255.255.255 Router-CE-A2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-CE-A2(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 239.1.1.1 Router-CE-A2(config-if)#exit Router-CE-A2(config)#interface Ethernet0 Router-CE-A2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.8 255.255.255.0 Router-CE-A2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-CE-A2(config-if)#exit Router-CE-A2(config)#end Router-CE-A2#
On the PE routers, we have to configure multicast routing globally for the internal MPLS cloud as well as on each VRF that must support multicasting on the client side. We also need to configure all of the interfaces, including the Loopback interfaces that support MP-BGP, and those that exist within the VRF. Also, we are configuring this particular PE router to be the RP for this VRF. You could just as easily use any of the customer routers for this function, but we do it here to demonstrate the different syntax required:
Router-PE1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-PE1(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-PE1(config)#interface Loopback0 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#exit Router-PE1(config)#interface Serial0/0 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.13 255.255.255.252 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#tag-switching ip Router-PE1(config-if)#exit Router-PE1(config)#ip multicast-routing vrf NetworkA Router-PE1(config)#ip vrf NetworkA Router-PE1(config-vrf)#rd 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#route-target export 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#route-target import 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#mdt default 239.100.100.1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#exit Router-PE1(config)#interface Loopback155 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding NetworkA Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.155.1 255.255.255.255 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#exit Router-PE1(config)#interface Ethernet0/0 Router-PE1(config-if)#description connection to customer A, site 1 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding NetworkA Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#exit Router-PE1(config)#ip pim vrf NetworkA send-rp-announce Loopback155 scope 15 Router-PE1(config)#ip pim vrf NetworkA send-rp-discovery Loopback155 scope 15 Router-PE1(config)#end Router-PE1#
The other PE router is similar to the first one, except that we will omit the RP configuration here. This PE configuration is more typical of situations where some other router, particularly one of the C routers, takes on the RP role. In general, that is the preferred arrangement, as it allows the customers greater control over their internal multicast configurations:
Router-PE2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-PE2(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-PE2(config)#interface Loopback0 Router-PE2(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.4 255.255.255.255 Router-PE2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE2(config-if)#exit Router-PE2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.1 Router-PE2(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10 Router-PE2(config-subif)#ip address 10.1.2.4 255.255.255.0 Router-PE2(config-subif)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE2(config-subif)#tag-switching ip Router-PE2(config-subif)#exit Router-PE2(config)#ip multicast-routing vrf NetworkA Router-PE2(config)#ip vrf NetworkA Router-PE2(config-vrf)#rd 100:1 Router-PE2(config-vrf)#route-target export 100:1 Router-PE2(config-vrf)#route-target import 100:1 Router-PE2(config-vrf)#mdt default 239.100.100.1 Router-PE2(config-vrf)#exit Router-PE2(config)#interface Loopback155 Router-PE2(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding NetworkA Router-PE2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.255 Router-PE2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE2(config-if)#exit Router-PE2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.2 Router-PE2(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 102 Router-PE2(config-subif)#ip vrf forwarding NetworkA Router-PE2(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Router-PE2(config-subif)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE2(config-subif)#exit Router-PE2(config)#end Router-PE2#
The P router's configuration is somewhat simpler because it doesn't need to know about what goes on inside the VRFs:
Router-P1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-P1(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-P1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 Router-P1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.11 255.255.255.0 Router-P1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-P1(config-if)#tag-switching ip Router-P1(config-if)#exit Router-P1(config)#interface Serial0/0 Router-P1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.14 255.255.255.252 Router-P1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-P1(config-if)#tag-switching ip Router-P1(config-if)#exit Router-P1(config)#interface Serial0/1 Router-P1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.252 Router-P1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-P1(config-if)#tag-switching ip Router-P1(config-if)#exit Router-P1(config)#end Router-P1#
Discussion
For this example, we have configured all of the routers for sparse-dense mode PIM because it is the easiest to configure. We could also have used sparse-mode or bidirectional PIM. Please refer to Chapter 23 for more information on multicast configurations.
In the example, we configured Router-CE-A2 to be a member of the multicast group 239.1.1.1. Chapter 23 shows several more sophisticated methods for monitoring multicast networks, but for our purposes here a simple ping is sufficient to demonstrate basic multicast functionality:
Router-C-An#ping 239.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 239.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Reply to request 0 from 192.168.3.8, 8 ms Router-C-An#
It is worthwhile examining one of the PE router configurations in more detail, as there are several distinct components.
First, we have to enable basic multicast functionality within the MPLS cloud. This means that we must globally enable multicast routing with the ip multicast-routing command, and then enable PIM on each of the tag-switching interfaces. We have also enabled PIM on the Loopback interface that supports our MP-BGP peer for this router. This is necessary because MP-BGP is used as a transport mechanism for the Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) protocol:
Router-PE1(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-PE1(config)#interface Loopback0 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#exit Router-PE1(config)#interface Serial0/0 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.13 255.255.255.252 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#tag-switching ip Router-PE1(config-if)#exit
In this case, we have used sparse-dense mode PIM. We could have used sparse mode or bidirectional mode PIM as well, however pure dense mode PIM is not supported within the MPLS cloud. We note in passing, though, that you can use dense-mode PIM on the client side of the network as long as you gateway to one of the supported modes on the CE router.
The next part of the PE configuration enables multicast capabilities for the VRF. Note that we have only enabled multicast routing for NetworkA. The other VRF in this network, NetworkB, is still a pure unicast network:
Router-PE1(config)#ip multicast-routing vrf NetworkA Router-PE1(config)#interface Loopback155 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding NetworkA Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.155.1 255.255.255.255 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#exit Router-PE1(config)#interface Ethernet0/0 Router-PE1(config-if)#description connection to customer A, site 1 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding NetworkA Router-PE1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router-PE1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode Router-PE1(config-if)#exit
Here we have enabled PIM on every interface that takes part in this VRF, and we have also globally enabled multicast routing for this VRF by using the ip multicast-routing vrf command. Then we have to configure MDT for this VRF:
Router-PE1(config)#ip vrf NetworkA Router-PE1(config-vrf)#rd 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#route-target export 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#route-target import 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#mdt default 239.100.100.1
This configures MDT to use the multicast group 239.100.100.1 to carry multicast traffic through the MPLS cloud for this particular VRF. This default MDT multicast group is also the group that will be used to carry MDT signaling information for this VRF. All PE routers supporting this VRF are members of this group. And, as we have left the MDT configuration at a single default group like this, all user data will be transmitted through the same group. If there are a lot of different multicast groups in the customer network, and not all PE routers are interested in all groups, you can improve the efficiency by defining a list of Data Multicast Distribution Trees, as follows:
Router-PE1(config)#ip vrf NetworkA Router-PE1(config-vrf)#rd 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#route-target export 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#route-target import 100:1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#mdt default 239.100.100.1 Router-PE1(config-vrf)#mdt data 239.200.1.0 0.0.0.255 threshold 28
This tells the routers to dynamically spawn new multicast groups from the specified range whenever the amount of multicast traffic on any existing MDT group exceeds the specified threshold. In this example, we have specified the range from 239.200.1.0 tHRough 239.200.1.255, and the threshold for creating new groups is 28 kbps.
Finally, we need an RP somewhere in this VRF. We would usually prefer to configure this functionality on a C router somewhere because it would provide the client with greater control over internal multicast traffic. However, in this example we have configured one of the PE routers as the RP, mostly to show how it can be done:
Router-PE1(config)#ip pim vrf NetworkA send-rp-announce Loopback155 scope 15 Router-PE1(config)#ip pim vrf NetworkA send-rp-discovery Loopback155 scope 15
We show several RP configuration examples in Chapter 23.
See Also
Chapter 23
Router Configuration and File Management
- Configuring the Router via TFTP
- Saving Router Configuration to Server
- Booting the Router Using a Remote Configuration File
- Storing Configuration Files Larger Than NVRAM
- Clearing the Startup Configuration
- Loading a New IOS Image
- Booting a Different IOS Image
- Booting over the Network
- Copying an IOS Image to a Server
- Copying an IOS Image Through the Console
- Deleting Files from Flash
- Partitioning Flash
- Using the Router as a TFTP Server
- Using FTP from the Router
- Generating Large Numbers of Router Configurations
- Changing the Configurations of Many Routers at Once
- Extracting Hardware Inventory Information
- Backing Up Router Configurations
- Warm Reload
- Warm Upgrade
- Configuration Archiving
- Locking Configuration Access
Router Management
- Creating Command Aliases
- Managing the Routers ARP Cache
- Tuning Router Buffers
- Auto Tuning Buffers
- Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol
- Disabling the Cisco Discovery Protocol
- Using the Small Servers
- Enabling HTTP Access to a Router
- Enabling Secure HTTP (HTTPS) Access to a Router
- Using Static Hostname Tables
- Enabling Domain Name Services
- Disabling Domain Name Lookups
- Specifying a Router Reload Time
- Scheduling of Router Commands
- Displaying Historical CPU Values
- Creating Exception Dump Files
- Generating a Report of Interface Information
- Generating a Report of Routing Table Information
- Generating a Report of ARP Table Information
- Generating a Server Host Table File
User Access and Privilege Levels
- Setting Up User IDs
- Encrypting Passwords
- Using Better Password-Encryption Techniques
- Removing Passwords from a Router Configuration File
- Deciphering Ciscos Weak Password Encryption
- Displaying Active Users
- Sending Messages to Other Users
- Changing the Number of VTYs
- Changing VTY Timeouts
- Restricting VTY Access by Protocol
- Enabling Absolute Timeouts on VTY Lines
- Implementing Banners
- Disabling Banners on a Port
- Disabling Router Lines
- Reserving a VTY Port for Administrative Access
- Restricting Inbound Telnet Access
- Logging Telnet Access
- Setting the Source Address for Telnet
- Automating the Login Sequence
- Using SSH for Secure Access
- Changing Privilege Level of IOS Commands
- Defining Per User Privileges
- Defining Per Port Privileges
TACACS+
- Authenticating Login IDs from a Central System
- Restricting Command Access
- Losing Access to the TACACS+ Server
- Disabling TACACS+ Authentication on a Particular Line
- Capturing User Keystrokes
- Logging System Events
- Setting the IP Source Address for TACACS+ Messages
- Sample Server Configuration Files
IP Routing
- Finding an IP Route
- Finding Types of IP Routes
- Converting Different Mask Formats
- Using Static Routing
- Floating Static Routes
- Using Policy-Based Routing to Route Based on Source Address
- Using Policy-Based Routing to Route Based on Application Type
- Examining Policy-Based Routing
- Changing Administrative Distances
- Routing Over Multiple Paths with Equal Costs
- Static Routes That Track Interfaces or Other Routes
- Keeping Statistics on Routing Table Changes
RIP
- Configuring RIP Version 1
- Filtering Routes with RIP
- Redistributing Static Routes into RIP
- Redistributing Routes Using Route Maps
- Creating a Default Route in RIP
- Disabling RIP on an Interface
- Default Passive Interface
- Unicast Updates for RIP
- Applying Offsets to Routes
- Adjusting Timers
- Configuring Interpacket Delay
- Enabling Nonperiodic Updates
- Increasing the RIP Input Queue
- Configuring RIP Version 2
- Enabling RIP Authentication
- RIP Route Summarization
- Route Tagging
EIGRP
- Configuring EIGRP
- Filtering Routes with EIGRP
- Redistributing Routes into EIGRP
- Redistributing Routes into EIGRP Using Route Maps
- Disabling EIGRP on an Interface
- Adjusting EIGRP Metrics
- Adjusting Timers
- Enabling EIGRP Authentication
- EIGRP Route Summarization
- Logging EIGRP Neighbor State Changes
- Limiting EIGRPs Bandwidth Utilization
- EIGRP Stub Routing
- Route Tagging
- Viewing EIGRP Status
OSPF
- Configuring OSPF
- Filtering Routes in OSPF
- Adjusting OSPF Costs
- Creating a Default Route in OSPF
- Redistributing Static Routes into OSPF
- Redistributing External Routes into OSPF
- Manipulating DR Selection
- Setting the OSPF RID
- Enabling OSPF Authentication
- Selecting the Appropriate Area Types
- Using OSPF on Dial Interfaces
- Summarizing Routes in OSPF
- Disabling OSPF on Certain Interfaces
- Changing the Network Type on an Interface
- OSPF Route Tagging
- Logging OSPF Adjacency Changes
- Adjusting OSPF Timers
- Reducing OSPF Traffic in Stable Networks
- OSPF Virtual Links
- Viewing OSPF Status with Domain Names
- Debugging OSPF
BGP
- Configuring BGP
- Using eBGP Multihop
- Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribute
- Connecting to Two ISPs
- Connecting to Two ISPs with Redundant Routers
- Restricting Networks Advertised to a BGP Peer
- Adjusting Local Preference Values
- Load-Balancing
- Removing Private ASNs from the AS Path
- Filtering BGP Routes Based on AS Paths
- Reducing the Size of the Received Routing Table
- Summarizing Outbound Routing Information
- Prepending ASNs to the AS Path
- Redistributing Routes with BGP
- Using Peer Groups
- Authenticating BGP Peers
- Using BGP Communities
- Using BGP Route Reflectors
- Putting It All Together
Frame Relay
- Setting Up Frame Relay with Point-to-Point Subinterfaces
- Adjusting LMI Options
- Setting Up Frame Relay with Map Statements
- Using Multipoint Subinterfaces
- Configuring Frame Relay SVCs
- Simulating a Frame Relay Cloud
- Compressing Frame Relay Data on a Subinterface
- Compressing Frame Relay Data with Maps
- PPP over Frame Relay
- Viewing Frame Relay Status Information
Handling Queuing and Congestion
- Fast Switching and CEF
- Setting the DSCP or TOS Field
- Using Priority Queuing
- Using Custom Queuing
- Using Custom Queues with Priority Queues
- Using Weighted Fair Queuing
- Using Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing
- Using NBAR Classification
- Controlling Congestion with WRED
- Using RSVP
- Manual RSVP Reservations
- Aggregating RSVP Reservations
- Using Generic Traffic Shaping
- Using Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping
- Using Committed Access Rate
- Implementing Standards-Based Per-Hop Behavior
- AutoQoS
- Viewing Queue Parameters
Tunnels and VPNs
- Creating a Tunnel
- Tunneling Foreign Protocols in IP
- Tunneling with Dynamic Routing Protocols
- Viewing Tunnel Status
- Creating an Encrypted Router-to-Router VPN in a GRE Tunnel
- Creating an Encrypted VPN Between the LAN Interfaces of Two Routers
- Generating RSA Keys
- Creating a Router-to-Router VPN with RSA Keys
- Creating a VPN Between a Workstation and a Router
- Creating an SSL VPN
- Checking IPSec Protocol Status
Dial Backup
- Automating Dial Backup
- Using Dialer Interfaces
- Using an Async Modem on the AUX Port
- Using Backup Interfaces
- Using Dialer Watch
- Using Virtual Templates
- Ensuring Proper Disconnection
- View Dial Backup Status
- Debugging Dial Backup
NTP and Time
- Time-Stamping Router Logs
- Setting the Time
- Setting the Time Zone
- Adjusting for Daylight Saving Time
- Synchronizing the Time on All Routers (NTP)
- Configuring NTP Redundancy
- Setting the Router As the NTP Master for the Network
- Changing NTP Synchronization Periods
- Using NTP to Send Periodic Broadcast Time Updates
- Using NTP to Send Periodic Multicast Time Updates
- Enabling and Disabling NTP Per Interface
- NTP Authentication
- Limiting the Number of Peers
- Restricting Peers
- Setting the Clock Period
- Checking the NTP Status
- Debugging NTP
- NTP Logging
- Extended Daylight Saving Time
- NTP Server Configuration
DLSw
- Simple Bridging
- Configuring DLSw
- Using DLSw to Bridge Between Ethernet and Token Ring
- Converting Ethernet and Token Ring MAC Addresses
- Configuring SDLC
- Configuring SDLC for Multidrop Connections
- Using STUN
- Using BSTUN
- Controlling DLSw Packet Fragmentation
- Tagging DLSw Packets for QoS
- Supporting SNA Priorities
- DLSw+ Redundancy and Fault Tolerance
- Viewing DLSw Status Information
- Viewing SDLC Status Information
- Debugging DSLw
Router Interfaces and Media
- Viewing Interface Status
- Configuring Serial Interfaces
- Using an Internal T1 CSU/DSU
- Using an Internal ISDN PRI Module
- Using an Internal 56 Kbps CSU/DSU
- Configuring an Async Serial Interface
- Configuring ATM Subinterfaces
- Setting Payload Scrambling on an ATM Circuit
- Classical IP Over ATM
- Configuring Ethernet Interface Features
- Configuring Token Ring Interface Features
- Connecting VLAN Trunks with ISL
- Connecting VLAN Trunks with 802.1Q
- LPD Printer Support
Simple Network Management Protocol
- Configuring SNMP
- Extracting Router Information via SNMP Tools
- Recording Important Router Information for SNMP Access
- Using SNMP to Extract Inventory Information from a List of Routers
- Using Access Lists to Protect SNMP Access
- Logging Unauthorized SNMP Attempts
- Limiting MIB Access
- Using SNMP to Modify a Routers Running Configuration
- Using SNMP to Copy a New IOS Image
- Using SNMP to Perform Mass Configuration Changes
- Preventing Unauthorized Configuration Modifications
- Making Interface Table Numbers Permanent
- Enabling SNMP Traps and Informs
- Sending Syslog Messages As SNMP Traps and Informs
- Setting SNMP Packet Size
- Setting SNMP Queue Size
- Setting SNMP Timeout Values
- Disabling Link Up/Down Traps per Interface
- Setting the IP Source Address for SNMP Traps
- Using RMON to Send Traps
- Enabling SNMPv3
- Strong SNMPv3 Encryption
- Using SAA
Logging
- Enabling Local Router Logging
- Setting the Log Size
- Clearing the Routers Log
- Sending Log Messages to Your Screen
- Using a Remote Log Server
- Enabling Syslog on a Unix Server
- Changing the Default Log Facility
- Restricting What Log Messages Are Sent to the Server
- Setting the IP Source Address for Syslog Messages
- Logging Router Syslog Messages in Different Files
- Maintaining Syslog Files on the Server
- Testing the Syslog Sever Configuration
- Preventing the Most Common Messages from Being Logged
- Rate-Limiting Syslog Traffic
- Enabling Error Log Counting
- XML-Formatted Log Messages
- Modifying Log Messages
Access-Lists
- Filtering by Source or Destination IP Address
- Adding a Comment to an ACL
- Filtering by Application
- Filtering Based on TCP Header Flags
- Restricting TCP Session Direction
- Filtering Multiport Applications
- Filtering Based on DSCP and TOS
- Logging When an Access-List Is Used
- Logging TCP Sessions
- Analyzing ACL Log Entries
- Using Named and Reflexive Access-Lists
- Dealing with Passive Mode FTP
- Using Time-Based Access-Lists
- Filtering Based on Noncontiguous Ports
- Advanced Access-List Editing
- Filtering IPv6
DHCP
- Using IP Helper Addresses for DHCP
- Limiting the Impact of IP Helper Addresses
- Using DHCP to Dynamically Configure Router IP Addresses
- Dynamically Allocating Client IP Addresses via DHCP
- Defining DHCP Configuration Options
- Defining DHCP Lease Periods
- Allocating Static IP Addresses with DHCP
- Configuring a DHCP Database Client
- Configuring Multiple DHCP Servers per Subnet
- DHCP Static Mapping
- DHCP-Secured IP Address Assignment
- Showing DHCP Status
- Debugging DHCP
NAT
- Configuring Basic NAT Functionality
- Allocating External Addresses Dynamically
- Allocating External Addresses Statically
- Translating Some Addresses Statically and Others Dynamically
- Using Route Maps to Refine Static Translation Rules
- Translating in Both Directions Simultaneously
- Rewriting the Network Prefix
- Using NAT for Server Load Distribution
- Stateful NAT Failover
- Adjusting NAT Timers
- Changing TCP Ports for FTP
- Checking NAT Status
- Debugging NAT
First Hop Redundancy Protocols
- Configuring Basic HSRP Functionality
- Using HSRP Preempt
- Making HSRP React to Problems on Other Interfaces
- Load-Balancing with HSRP
- Redirecting ICMP with HSRP
- Manipulating HSRP Timers
- Using HSRP on Token Ring
- HSRP SNMP Support
- Increasing HSRP Security
- Showing HSRP State Information
- Debugging HSRP
- HSRP Version 2
- VRRP
- Gateway Load-Balancing Protocol
IP Multicast
- Configuring Basic Multicast Functionality with PIM-DM
- Routing Multicast Traffic with PIM-SM and BSR
- Routing Multicast Traffic with PIM-SM and Auto-RP
- Filtering PIM Neighbors
- Configuring Routing for a Low-Frequency Multicast Application
- Multicast over Frame Relay or ATM WANs
- Configuring CGMP
- Using IGMP Version 3
- Static Multicast Routes and Group Memberships
- Routing Multicast Traffic with MOSPF
- Routing Multicast Traffic with DVMRP
- DVMRP Tunnels
- Configuring Bidirectional PIM
- Controlling Multicast Scope with TTL
- Controlling Multicast Scope with Administratively Scoped Addressing
- Exchanging Multicast Routing Information with MBGP
- Using MSDP to Discover External Sources
- Configuring Anycast RP
- Converting Broadcasts to Multicasts
- Showing Multicast Status
- Debugging Multicast Routing
IP Mobility
- Local Area Mobility
- Home Agent Configuration
- Foreign Agent Configuration
- Making a Router a Mobile Node
- Reverse-Tunnel Forwarding
- Using HSRP for Home Agent Redundancy
IPv6
- Automatically Generating IPv6 Addresses for an Interface
- Manually Configuring IPv6 Addresses on an Interface
- Configuring DHCP for IPv6
- Dynamic Routing with RIP
- Modifying the Default RIP Parameters
- IPv6 Route Filtering and Metric Manipulation in RIP
- Using OSPF for IPv6
- IPv6 Route Filtering and Metric Manipulation in OSPF
- Route Redistribution
- Dynamic Routing with MBGP
- Tunneling IPv6 Through an Existing IPv4 Network
- Translating Between IPv6 and IPv4
MPLS
- Configuring a Basic MPLS P Router
- Configuring a Basic MPLS PE Router
- Configuring Basic MPLS CE Routers
- Configuring MPLS over ATM
- PE-CE Communication via RIP
- PE-CE Communication via OSPF
- PE-CE Communication via EIGRP
- PE-CE Communication via BGP
- QoS over MPLS
- MPLS Traffic Engineering with Autoroute
- Multicast Over MPLS
- Your Service Provider Doesnt Do What You Want
Security
- Using AutoSecure
- Using Context-Based Access-Lists
- Transparent Cisco IOS Firewall
- Stopping Denial of Service Attacks
- Inspecting Applications on Different Port Numbers
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention
- Login Password Retry Lockout
- Authentication Proxy
Appendix 1. External Software Packages
Appendix 2. IP Precedence, TOS, and DSCP Classifications
- IP Precedence, TOS, and DSCP Classifications
- Queueing Algorithms
- Dropping Packets and Congestion Avoidance
Index
EAN: 2147483647
Pages: 505
