High-Speed Signal Propagation[c] Advanced Black Magic

ISBN: 013084408X
EAN: N/A

Year: 2005
Pages: 163

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Fundamentals

• Impedance of Linear, Time-Invariant, Lumped-Element Circuits
• Power Ratios
• Rules of Scaling
• The Concept of Resonance
• Extra for Experts: Maximal Linear System Response to a Digital Input

Transmission Line Parameters

• Transmission Line Parameters
• Telegraphers Equations
• Derivation of Telegraphers Equations
• Ideal Transmission Line
• DC Resistance
• DC Conductance
• Skin Effect
• Skin-Effect Inductance
• Modeling Internal Impedance
• Concentric-Ring Skin-Effect Model
• Proximity Effect
• Surface Roughness
• Dielectric Effects
• Impedance in Series with the Return Path
• Slow-Wave Mode On-Chip

Performance Regions

• Performance Regions
• Signal Propagation Model
• Hierarchy of Regions
• Necessary Mathematics: Input Impedance and Transfer Function
• Lumped-Element Region
• RC Region
• LC Region (Constant-Loss Region)
• Skin-Effect Region
• Dielectric Loss Region
• Waveguide Dispersion Region
• Summary of Breakpoints Between Regions
• Equivalence Principle for Transmission Media
• Scaling Copper Transmission Media
• Scaling Multimode Fiber-Optic Cables
• Linear Equalization: Long Backplane Trace Example
• Adaptive Equalization: Accelerant Networks Transceiver

Frequency-Domain Modeling

• Frequency-Domain Modeling
• Going Nonlinear
• Approximations to the Fourier Transform
• Discrete Time Mapping
• Other Limitations of the FFT
• Normalizing the Output of an FFT Routine
• Useful Fourier Transform-Pairs
• Effect of Inadequate Sampling Rate
• Implementation of Frequency-Domain Simulation
• Embellishments
• Checking the Output of Your FFT Routine

Pcb (printed-circuit board) Traces

• Pcb (printed-circuit board) Traces
• Pcb Signal Propagation
• Limits to Attainable Distance
• Pcb Noise and Interference
• Pcb Connectors
• Modeling Vias
• The Future of On-Chip Interconnections

Differential Signaling

• Differential Signaling
• Single-Ended Circuits
• Two-Wire Circuits
• Differential Signaling
• Differential and Common-Mode Voltages and Currents
• Differential and Common-Mode Velocity
• Common-Mode Balance
• Common-Mode Range
• Differential to Common-Mode Conversion
• Differential Impedance
• Pcb Configurations
• Pcb Applications
• Intercabinet Applications
• LVDS Signaling

Generic Building-Cabling Standards

• Generic Building-Cabling Standards
• Generic Cabling Architecture
• SNR Budgeting
• Glossary of Cabling Terms
• Preferred Cable Combinations
• FAQ: Building-Cabling Practices
• Crossover Wiring
• Plenum-Rated Cables
• Laying Cables in an Uncooled Attic Space
• FAQ: Older Cable Types

100-Ohm Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling

• 100-Ohm Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling
• UTP Signal Propagation
• UTP Transmission Example: 10BASE-T
• UTP Noise and Interference
• UTP Connectors
• Issues with Screening
• Category-3 UTP at Elevated Temperature

150-Ohm STP-A Cabling

• 150-Ohm STP-A Cabling
• 150- W STP-A Signal Propagation
• 150- W STP-A Noise and Interference
• 150- W STP-A: Skew
• 150- W STP-A: Radiation and Safety
• 150- W STP-A: Comparison with UTP
• 150- W STP-A Connectors

Coaxial Cabling

• Coaxial Cabling
• Coaxial Signal Propagation
• Coaxial Cable Noise and Interference
• Coaxial Cable Connectors

Fiber-Optic Cabling

• Fiber-Optic Cabling
• Making Glass Fiber
• Finished Core Specifications
• Cabling the Fiber
• Wavelengths of Operation
• Multimode Glass Fiber-Optic Cabling
• Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cabling

Clock Distribution

• Clock Distribution
• Extra Fries, Please
• Arithmetic of Clock Skew
• Clock Repeaters
• Stripline vs. Microstrip Delay
• Importance of Terminating Clock Lines
• Effect of Clock Receiver Thresholds
• Effect of Split Termination
• Intentional Delay Adjustments
• Driving Multiple Loads with Source Termination
• Daisy-Chain Clock Distribution
• The Jitters
• Power Supply Filtering for Clock Sources, Repeaters, and PLL Circuits
• Intentional Clock Modulation
• Reduced-Voltage Signaling
• Controlling Crosstalk on Clock Lines
• Reducing Emissions

Time-Domain Simulation Tools and Methods

• Ringing in a New Era
• Signal Integrity Simulation Process
• The Underlying Simulation Engine
• IBIS (I/O Buffer Information Specification)
• IBIS: History and Future Direction
• IBIS: Issues with Interpolation
• IBIS: Issues with SSO Noise
• Nature of EMC Work
• Power and Ground Resonance

Points to Remember

• Points to Remember

Appendix A. Building a Signal Integrity Department

• Appendix A. Building a Signal Integrity Department

Appendix B. Calculation of Loss Slope

• Appendix B. Calculation of Loss Slope

Appendix C. Two-Port Analysis

• Appendix C. Two-Port Analysis
• Simple Cases Involving Transmission Lines
• Fully Configured Transmission Line
• Complicated Configurations

Appendix D. Accuracy of Pi Model

• Appendix D. Accuracy of Pi Model
• Pi-Model Operated in the LC Region

Appendix E. erf( )

• Appendix E. erf( )

Notes