This isn't a valid function. It's missing the parentheses and furthermore, it's bad style to mix functions with your main code.
Solution to Question 5-2
To define the toast function with a parameter:
<?php function toast( $minutes ) { //do the toasting here echo ("done."); } ?>
Solution to Question 5-3
To call toast with 5 as the minutes parameter:
<?php toast(5); ?>
Solution to Question 5-4
When you are using include() and a file can't be found, only a warning issues. However, when you are using require(), a missing file causes a fatal error that terminates the execution of the script.