Streams and Files
Introduction
Streams are one of the most powerful (and complicated) components of the C++ standard library. Using them for plain, unformatted input and output is generally straightforward, but changing the format to suit your needs with standard manipulators, or writing your own manipulators, is not. Therefore, the first few recipes describe different ways to format stream output. The two after that describe how to write objects of a class to a stream or read them from one.
Then the recipes shift from reading and writing file content to operating on the files themselves (and directories). If your program uses files, especially if it's a daemon or server-side process, you will probably create files and directories, clean them up, rename them, and so on. There are a number of recipes that explain how to do these unglamorous, but necessary, tasks in C++.
The last third of the recipes demonstrate how to manipulate file and pathnames themselves using many of the standard string member functions. Standard strings contain an abundance of functions for inspecting and manipulating their contents, and if you have to parse path and filenames they come in handy. If what you need is not discussed in these recipes, take a look at Chapter 7, toowhat you're after might be described there.
File manipulation requires direct interaction with the operating system (OS), and there are often subtle differences (and occasionally glaring incompatibilities) between OSs. Many of the typical file and directory manipulation needs are part of the standard C system calls, and work the same or similarly on different systems. Where there are differences between OSs' versions of libraries, I note it in the recipes.
As I have discussed in previous chapters, Boost is an open source project that has generated a number of high-quality, portable libraries. But since this is a book about C++ and not the Boost project, I have preferred standard C++ solutions whenever possible. In many cases, however, (most notably Recipe 10.12) there isn't a Standard C++ solution, so I have used the Boost Filesystem library written by Beman Dawes, which provides a portable filesystem interface, to give a portable solution. Take a look at the Boost Filesystem library if you have to do portable filesystem interactionyou will save yourself lots of time and effort. For more information on the Boost project, see www.boost.org.
Building C++ Applications
- Introduction to Building
- Obtaining and Installing GCC
- Building a Simple Hello, World Application from the Command Line
- Building a Static Library from the Command Line
- Building a Dynamic Library from the Command Line
- Building a Complex Application from the Command Line
- Installing Boost.Build
- Building a Simple Hello, World Application Using Boost.Build
- Building a Static Library Using Boost.Build
- Building a Dynamic Library Using Boost.Build
- Building a Complex application Using Boost.Build
- Building a Static Library with an IDE
- Building a Dynamic Library with an IDE
- Building a Complex Application with an IDE
- Obtaining GNU make
- Building A Simple Hello, World Application with GNU make
- Building a Static Library with GNU Make
- Building a Dynamic Library with GNU Make
- Building a Complex Application with GNU make
- Defining a Macro
- Specifying a Command-Line Option from Your IDE
- Producing a Debug Build
- Producing a Release Build
- Specifying a Runtime Library Variant
- Enforcing Strict Conformance to the C++ Standard
- Causing a Source File to Be Linked Automatically Against a Specified Library
- Using Exported Templates
Code Organization
- Introduction
- Making Sure a Header File Gets Included Only Once
- Ensuring You Have Only One Instance of a Variable Across Multiple Source Files
- Reducing #includes with Forward Class Declarations
- Preventing Name Collisions with Namespaces
- Including an Inline File
Numbers
- Numbers
- Introduction
- Converting a String to a Numeric Type
- Converting Numbers to Strings
- Testing Whether a String Contains a Valid Number
- Comparing Floating-Point Numbers with Bounded Accuracy
- Parsing a String Containing a Number in Scientific Notation
- Converting Between Numeric Types
- Getting the Minimum and Maximum Values for a Numeric Type
Strings and Text
- Strings and Text
- Introduction
- Padding a String
- Trimming a String
- Storing Strings in a Sequence
- Getting the Length of a String
- Reversing a String
- Splitting a String
- Tokenizing a String
- Joining a Sequence of Strings
- Finding Things in Strings
- Finding the nth Instance of a Substring
- Removing a Substring from a String
- Converting a String to Lower- or Uppercase
- Doing a Case-Insensitive String Comparison
- Doing a Case-Insensitive String Search
- Converting Between Tabs and Spaces in a Text File
- Wrapping Lines in a Text File
- Counting the Number of Characters, Words, and Lines in a Text File
- Counting Instances of Each Word in a Text File
- Add Margins to a Text File
- Justify a Text File
- Squeeze Whitespace to Single Spaces in a Text File
- Autocorrect Text as a Buffer Changes
- Reading a Comma-Separated Text File
- Using Regular Expressions to Split a String
Dates and Times
- Dates and Times
- Introduction
- Obtaining the Current Date and Time
- Formatting a Date/Time as a String
- Performing Date and Time Arithmetic
- Converting Between Time Zones
- Determining a Days Number Within a Given Year
- Defining Constrained Value Types
Managing Data with Containers
- Managing Data with Containers
- Introduction
- Using vectors Instead of Arrays
- Using vectors Efficiently
- Copying a vector
- Storing Pointers in a vector
- Storing Objects in a list
- Mapping strings to Other Things
- Using Hashed Containers
- Storing Objects in Sorted Order
- Storing Containers in Containers
Algorithms
- Algorithms
- Introduction
- Iterating Through a Container
- Removing Objects from a Container
- Randomly Shuffling Data
- Comparing Ranges
- Merging Data
- Sorting a Range
- Partitioning a Range
- Performing Set Operations on Sequences
- Transforming Elements in a Sequence
- Writing Your Own Algorithm
- Printing a Range to a Stream
Classes
- Classes
- Introduction
- Initializing Class Member Variables
- Using a Function to Create Objects (a.k.a. Factory Pattern)
- Using Constructors and Destructors to Manage Resources (or RAII)
- Automatically Adding New Class Instances to a Container
- Ensuring a Single Copy of a Member Variable
- Determining an Objects Type at Runtime
- Determining if One Objects Class Is a Subclass of Another
- Giving Each Instance of a Class a Unique Identifier
- Creating a Singleton Class
- Creating an Interface with an Abstract Base Class
- Writing a Class Template
- Writing a Member Function Template
- Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators
- Overloading Arithmetic and Assignment Operators for Intuitive Class Behavior
- Calling a Superclass Virtual Function
Exceptions and Safety
- Exceptions and Safety
- Introduction
- Creating an Exception Class
- Making a Constructor Exception-Safe
- Making an Initializer List Exception-Safe
- Making Member Functions Exception-Safe
- Safely Copying an Object
Streams and Files
- Streams and Files
- Introduction
- Lining Up Text Output
- Formatting Floating-Point Output
- Writing Your Own Stream Manipulators
- Making a Class Writable to a Stream
- Making a Class Readable from a Stream
- Getting Information About a File
- Copying a File
- Deleting or Renaming a File
- Creating a Temporary Filename and File
- Creating a Directory
- Removing a Directory
- Reading the Contents of a Directory
- Extracting a File Extension from a String
- Extracting a Filename from a Full Path
- Extracting a Path from a Full Path and Filename
- Replacing a File Extension
- Combining Two Paths into a Single Path
Science and Mathematics
- Science and Mathematics
- Introduction
- Computing the Number of Elements in a Container
- Finding the Greatest or Least Value in a Container
- Computing the Sum and Mean of Elements in a Container
- Filtering Values Outside a Given Range
- Computing Variance, Standard Deviation, and Other Statistical Functions
- Generating Random Numbers
- Initializing a Container with Random Numbers
- Representing a Dynamically Sized Numerical Vector
- Representing a Fixed-Size Numerical Vector
- Computing a Dot Product
- Computing the Norm of a Vector
- Computing the Distance Between Two Vectors
- Implementing a Stride Iterator
- Implementing a Dynamically Sized Matrix
- Implementing a Constant-Sized Matrix
- Multiplying Matricies
- Computing the Fast Fourier Transform
- Working with Polar Coordinates
- Performing Arithmetic on Bitsets
- Representing Large Fixed-Width Integers
- Implementing Fixed-Point Numbers
Multithreading
- Multithreading
- Introduction
- Creating a Thread
- Making a Resource Thread-Safe
- Notifying One Thread from Another
- Initializing Shared Resources Once
- Passing an Argument to a Thread Function
Internationalization
- Internationalization
- Introduction
- Hardcoding a Unicode String
- Writing and Reading Numbers
- Writing and Reading Dates and Times
- Writing and Reading Currency
- Sorting Localized Strings
XML
- XML
- Introduction
- Parsing a Simple XML Document
- Working with Xerces Strings
- Parsing a Complex XML Document
- Manipulating an XML Document
- Validating an XML Document with a DTD
- Validating an XML Document with a Schema
- Transforming an XML Document with XSLT
- Evaluating an XPath Expression
- Using XML to Save and Restore a Collection of Objects
Miscellaneous
- Miscellaneous
- Introduction
- Using Function Pointers for Callbacks
- Using Pointers to Class Members
- Ensuring That a Function Doesnt Modify an Argument
- Ensuring That a Member Function Doesnt Modify Its Object
- Writing an Operator That Isnt a Member Function
- Initializing a Sequence with Comma-Separated Values
Index
EAN: 2147483647
Pages: 241
