Index_L

L

L matrices

MIXED procedure, 2681, 2687, 2742

label collision avoidance , 351

ODS Graphics, 351

lack of fit tests, 3712, 3759

RSREG procedure, 4046

lag functionality

NLMIXED procedure, 3081

Lagrange multiplier

covariance matrix, 3030

NLMIXED procedure, 3093

statistics (GENMOD), 1668

test statistics (LIFEREG), 2110

test, modification indices (CALIS), 584, 673, 674

lambda asymmetric, 1474, 1482

lambda symmetric, 1474, 1483

Lance-Williams flexible-beta method,

See flexible-beta method

Lance-Williams nonmetric coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1272

latent variables

CALIS procedure, 549, 601, 625

PLS procedure, 3367

latent vectors

PLS procedure, 3367

LATEX destination

ODS Graphics, 326, 335

LaTeX output

examples, ODS Graphics, 358

ODS Graphics, 334, 337

Latin square design

ANOVA procedure, 472

generating with PLAN procedure, 3356

lattice design

balanced square lattice (LATTICE), 2069

efficiency (LATTICE), 2071, 2075, 2078

partially balanced square lattice (LATTICE), 2069, 2076

rectangular lattice (LATTICE), 2069

lattice layouts

ODS Graphics, 381

LATTICE procedure

adjusted treatment means, 2075

ANOVA table, 2074

Block variable, 2069, 2072, 2073

compared to MIXED procedure, 2665

covariance, 2075

Group variable, 2069, 2072, 2073

lattice design efficiency, 2071, 2075

least significant differences, 2075

missing values, 2074

ODS table names , 2075

Rep variable, 2069, 2072, 2073

response variable, 2072

Treatmnt variable, 2069, 2072, 2073

variance of means, 2074

layout area

ODS Graphics, 342

LD statistic

PHREG procedure, 3234, 3260

leader algorithm, 1380

least significant differences

LATTICE procedure, 2075

least-significant-difference test, 445, 1769

least-squares estimation

LIFEREG procedure, 2108

least-squares means

Bonferroni adjustment (GLM), 1754

Bonferroni adjustment (MIXED), 2688

BYLEVEL processing (MIXED), 2689

coefficient adjustment, 1822

compared to means (GLM), 1804

comparison types (GLM), 1757

comparison types (MIXED), 2690

construction of, 1820

covariate values (GLM), 1755

covariate values (MIXED), 2688

Dunnett's adjustment (GLM), 1754

Dunnett's adjustment (MIXED), 2688

examples (GLM), 1859, 1866

examples (MIXED), 2796, 2819

GLM procedure, 1753

Hsu's adjustment (GLM), 1754

Hsu's adjustment (MIXED), 2688

mixed model (MIXED), 2687

multiple comparisons adjustment (GLM), 1754, 1757

multiple comparisons adjustment (MIXED), 2687

nonstandard weights (GLM), 1756

nonstandard weights (MIXED), 2690

observed margins (GLM), 1756

observed margins (MIXED), 2690

Sidak's adjustment (GLM), 1754

Sidak's adjustment (MIXED), 2688

simple effects (GLM), 1758, 1817

simple effects (MIXED), 2691

simulation-based adjustment (GLM), 1754

simulation-based adjustment (MIXED), 2688

Tukey's adjustment (GLM), 1754

Tukey's adjustment (MIXED), 2688

Lee-Wei-Amato model

PHREG procedure, 3251, 3314

left truncation time

PHREG procedure, 3229, 3263

less-than -full-rank model

TRANSREG procedure, 4569, 4672

level of measurement

MDS procedure, 2472, 2481

levels of measurement

DISTANCE procedure, 1249

levels, of class variable, 1784

Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm

CALIS procedure, 578, 581, 665

Levene's test for homogeneity of variance

ANOVA procedure, 443

GLM procedure, 1767, 1819, 1893

Leverage

MIXED Procedure, 2767

leverage, 1774

TRANSREG procedure, 4587

life data

GENMOD procedure, 1701

life-table estimate

LIFETEST procedure, 2149, 2186, 2211

lifereg analysis

insets , 2092

LIFEREG procedure, 2083

accelerated failure time models, 2083

censoring, 2094

computational details, 2108

computational resources, 2123

Confidence intervals, 2115

failure time, 2083

INEST= data sets, 2121

information matrix, 2083, 2084, 2108

initial estimates, 2108

inset, 2092

Lagrange multiplier test statistics, 2110

least-squares estimation, 2108

log- likelihood function, 2084, 2108

log-likelihood ratio tests, 2084

main effects, 2108

maximum likelihood estimates, 2083

missing values, 2108

Newton-Raphson algorithm, 2083

OUTEST= data sets, 2121

output table names, 2124

predicted values, 2114

supported distributions, 2111

survival function, 2083, 2111

Tobit model, 2085, 2129

XDATA= data sets, 2122

LIFETEST procedure

arcsine-square root transform, 2205

arcsine-square root transformation, 2169, 2177

association tests, 2150, 2156, 2180, 2191, 2200

censored, 2186

computational formulas, 2171

confidence bands, 2169, 2176

confidence limits, 2174, 2183, 2184

cumulative distribution function, 2149

effective sample size , 2172, 2173

equal precision bands, 2178, 2205

Fleming-Harrington G test for homogeneity, 2150, 2168

Hall-Wellner bands, 2177, 2205

hazard function, 2149, 2214

homogeneity tests, 2149, 2154, 2178, 2200

interval determination, 2174

life-table estimate, 2149, 2172, 2186, 2209, 2211

likelihood ratio test for homogeneity, 2150, 2179

lineprinter plots, 2159

log-log transformation, 2170, 2177

log-rank test for association, 2150, 2180

log-rank test for homogeneity, 2150, 2168, 2178

logarithmic transformation, 2170, 2177

logit transformation, 2170, 2177

median residual time, 2186

missing stratum values, 2166, 2167

missing values, 2171

modified Peto-Peto test for homogeneity, 2150, 2168

ODS graph names, 2191

ODS table names, 2188

output data sets, 2183

partial listing, 2165

Peto-Peto test for homogeneity, 2150, 2168

probability density function, 2149, 2214

product-limit estimate, 2149, 2171, 2185, 2191

stratified tests, 2150, 2155, 2156, 2158, 2167, 2180, 2187

survival distribution function, 2149, 2171

Tarone-Ware test for homogeneity, 2150, 2168

traditional high-resolution graphics, 2159

trend tests, 2150, 2168, 2179, 2187

Wilcoxon test for association, 2150, 2180

Wilcoxon test for homogeneity, 2150, 2168, 2178

likelihood displacement

PHREG procedure, 3234, 3260

Likelihood distance

MIXED procedure, 2770

likelihood function, 3756

likelihood ratio chi-square test, 3756, 3759

likelihood ratio test, 2780

Bartlett's modification, 1150

CALIS procedure, 653, 674

example (MIXED), 2794

mixed model (MIXED), 2741, 2743

MIXED procedure, 2751

PHREG procedure, 3246, 3269

TPHREG procedure, 4486

likelihood ratio test for homogeneity

LIFETEST procedure, 2150

likelihood residuals

GENMOD procedure, 1670

likelihood-ratio chi-square test, 1469

power and sample size (POWER), 3457, 3463, 3525

likelihood-ratio test

chi-square (FREQ), 1471

line colors, modifying

examples, ODS Graphics, 369

line patterns, modifying

examples, ODS Graphics, 369

line printer plots

REG procedure, 3848, 3882

line thickness , modifying

examples, ODS Graphics, 376

line-search methods

NLMIXED procedure, 3066, 3067, 3096

linear discriminant function, 1139

linear equations model,

See LINEQS model

linear hypotheses

PHREG procedure, 3217, 3238, 3247

linear model

GENMOD procedure, 1612, 1613

linear models

CATMOD procedure, 814

compared with log-linear models, 817

linear predictor

GENMOD procedure, 1611, 1612, 1618, 1661, 1689

PHREG procedure, 3225, 3233, 3235, 3302, 3303

linear rank tests,

See association tests

linear regression

TRANSREG procedure, 4592

linear structural relationship model,

See LISREL model

linear structure

MIXED procedure, 2721

linear transformation

PRINQUAL procedure, 3662

TRANSREG procedure, 4563, 4610

LINEQS model

CALIS procedure, 553, 601

specification, 560

structural model example (CALIS), 558, 562

link function

built-in (GENMOD), 1614, 1639

GENMOD procedure, 1611, 1612, 1653

LOGISTIC procedure, 2281, 2312, 2334, 2344

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4243, 4263, 4273

user -defined (GENMOD), 1634

LISREL model

CALIS procedure, 554

structural model example (CALIS), 559

LMAX statistic

PHREG procedure, 3260

local influence

DFBETA statistics (PHREG), 3234, 3260

score residuals (PHREG), 3234, 3259

weighted score residuals (PHREG), 3260

local kriging

KRIGE2D procedure, 2034

LOESS procedure

approximate degrees of freedom, 2246

automatic smoothing parameter selection, 2243

data scaling, 2239

direct fitting method, 2240

graphics, 2250

introductory example, 2220

iterative reweighting, 2242

kd trees and blending, 2241

local polynomials , 2242

local weighting , 2242

missing values, 2238

ODS graph names, 2250

output data sets, 2238

output table names, 2248

scoring data sets, 2248

statistical inference, 2243

log likelihood

output data sets (LOGISTIC), 2294

log odds

LOGISTIC procedure, 2347

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4289

log-interval level of measurement

DISTANCE procedure, 1250

log-likelihood

functions (GENMOD), 1654

log-likelihood function

LIFEREG procedure, 2084, 2108

PROBIT procedure, 3756

log-likelihood ratio tests

LIFEREG procedure, 2084

log-linear models

CATMOD procedure, 814, 870, 1616

compared with linear models, 817

design matrix (CATMOD), 884

examples (CATMOD), 916, 919

GENMOD procedure, 1616

multiple populations (CATMOD), 872

one population (CATMOD), 871

log-linear variance model

MIXED procedure, 2718

log-log transformation

LIFETEST procedure, 2170, 2177

log-rank test

PHREG procedure, 3219

log-rank test for association

LIFETEST procedure, 2150

log-rank test for homogeneity

LIFETEST procedure, 2150, 2168, 2178

power and sample size (POWER), 3473, 3481, 3533, 3561

logarithmic transformation

LIFETEST procedure, 2170, 2177

logistic analysis

CATMOD procedure, 815, 868

caution (CATMOD), 870

examples (CATMOD), 933

ordinal data, 815

logistic distribution, 2083, 2097, 2111, 3705

PROBIT procedure, 3757

LOGISTIC procedure

Akaike's information criterion, 2341

Bayes' theorem, 2314

best subset selection, 2308

branch and bound algorithm, 2341

classification table, 2314, 2352, 2353, 2422

conditional logistic regression, 2365

confidence intervals, 2314, 2315, 2319, 2345, 2346

confidence limits, 2350

convergence criterion, 2308

customized odds ratio, 2328

descriptive statistics, 2294

deviance , 2308, 2316, 2354

DFBETAS diagnostic, 2360

dispersion parameter, 2354

displayed output, 2381

estimability checking, 2300

exact logistic regression, 2300, 2369

existence of MLEs, 2338

Fisher's scoring method, 2317, 2318, 2336

goodness of fit, 2308, 2316

gradient, 2343

hat matrix, 2359

Hessian matrix, 2317, 2343

hierarchy, 2310

Hosmer-Lemeshow test, 2312, 2356, 2357

infinite parameter estimates, 2313

initial values, 2376

introductory example, 2284

link function, 2281, 2312, 2334, 2344

log odds, 2347

maximum likelihood algorithms, 2336

missing values, 2329

model fitting criteria, 2341

model hierarchy, 2283, 2310

model selection, 2306, 2317, 2340

multiple classifications, 2315

Newton-Raphson algorithm, 2317, 2318, 2336, 2338

odds ratio confidence limits, 2308, 2315

odds ratio estimation, 2347

ODS graph names, 2390

ODS table names, 2386

output data sets, 2294, 2374, 2376, 2377

output ROC data sets, 2378

overdispersion, 2316, 2354, 2355

Pearson's chi-square, 2308, 2316, 2354

predicted probabilities, 2350

prior event probability, 2314, 2353, 2422

profile likelihood convergence criterion, 2314

rank correlation, 2350

regression diagnostics, 2359

residuals, 2360

response level ordering, 2305, 2329, 2330

reverse response level ordering, 2290

ROC curve, 2314, 2357

Schwarz criterion, 2341

score statistics, 2343

selection methods, 2306, 2317, 2340

singular contrast matrix, 2300

subpopulation, 2308, 2316, 2355

testing linear hypotheses, 2327, 2358

Williams' method, 2355

logistic regression, 3705,

See also LOGISTIC procedure

See also SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure

CATMOD procedure, 814, 869

examples (CATMOD), 911

GENMOD procedure, 1613, 1697

logistic regression method

MI procedure, 2546

logit transformation

LIFETEST procedure, 2170, 2177

logits,

See adjacent-category logits

See also cumulative logits

See also generalized logits

loglogistic distribution, 2083, 2097, 2111

lognormal data

power and sample size (POWER), 3434, 3437, 3438, 3450, 3455, 3456, 3465, 3472, 3509, 3511, 3519, 3521, 3529, 3531, 3552

lognormal distribution, 2083, 2097, 2111

long run times

NLMIXED procedure, 3098

Longley data set, 3197

L _p clustering

FASTCLUS procedure, 1379

L _p clustering

FASTCLUS procedure, 1391

lpred plots

annotating, 3737

axes, color , 3737

font, specifying, 3737

reference lines, options, 3737-3739, 3741

threshold lines, options, 3740

lpredplot

PROBIT procedure, 3733

LR statistics

MI procedure, 2555

LS-means,

See least-squares means

lsd (least significant differences)

LATTICE procedure, 2075

LSD test, 1769