Acme, Inc. currently uses five different classes of service on the Acme network. For simplicity's sake, and because of the 3-bit resolution of some QoS technologies, such as 802.1p LAN CoS, MPLS EXP, and IP precedence, Acme IT limits its QoS to classes that can be identified in 3 bits. Traffic is classified at the WAN edge by matching IP precedence valuesonly the first 3 bits of the ToS byte, which cover 7 DSCP values each. The policy template shown in Table 5-5 deals with policy marking of packets in Acme. It shows QoS policy for voice, video, and data classifications and their breakout assignments based on circuit speed, allocation per class as a percentage, and the classifications assigned.
IP precedence values 6 and 7 are also used for network control traffic (routing protocols). Most of this traffic is link-local (CE-PE only), allowing an individual class of traffic to be set up for this traffic on a WAN port with minimum bandwidth. On the CE side of the CE-to-PE links, it is recommended that a separate class be used for management traffic. On the PE side of the CE-to-PE link, this tends to vary with each provider. This traffic must, at a minimum, be mapped to a high-priority data class of service in the service provider cloud. QoS for Low-Speed Links: 64 kbps to 1024 kbpsLFI allows large packets on a serial link to be divided into using MLP or Frame Relay encapsulation with FRF.12 fragmentation. To determine the LFI fragment size, you must consider the packet flow through the router. Following the link fragmentation process and LLQ/CBWFQ's fragment ordering, fragments are placed on a transmit ring buffer or TX ring. The TX ring then queues packets onto the physical interface in a FIFO fashion. Example 5-5 shows examples of applications using MLP and FRF.12. Example 5-5. LFI on MLP
Slow-Speed (768-kbps) Leased-Line Recommendation: Use MLP LFI and cRTPFor slow-speed leased lines, LFI is required to minimize serialization delay. Therefore, MLP is the only encapsulation option on slow-speed leased lines because MLP LFI is the only mechanism available for fragmentation and interleaving on such links. Optionally, cRTP can be enabled either as part of the modular QoS command-line interface (MQC) policy map or under the multilink interface (using the ip rtp header-compression command). Ensure that MLP LFI and cRTP, if enabled, are configured on both ends of the point-to-point link, as shown in Example 5-6. Example 5-6. Slow-Speed (768-kbps) Leased-Line QoS Design Example
These examples cover the application of the WAN-EDGE service policy discussed in Example 5-4. For more examples of configuring the WAN edge, refer to the Cisco QoS Solution Reference Network Design, http://www.cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/netsol/ns432/c649/ccmigration_09186a008049b062.pdf. |