: | Do-nothing command; returns exit status 0 |
. file | The dot command reads and executes command from file |
break [n] | See "The break Command" on page 361 |
cd | Change directory |
continue [n] | See "The continue Command" on page 362 |
echo [ args ] | Echo arguments |
eval command | Shell scans the command line twice before execution |
exec command | Runs command in place of this shell |
exit [ n ] | Exit the shell with status n |
export [ var ] | Make var known to subshells |
hash | Controls the internal hash table for quicker searches for commands |
kill [ “signal process ] | Sends the signal to the PID number or job number of the process; see /usr/include/sys/signal.h for a list of signals |
getopts | Used in shell scripts to parse command line and check for legal options |
login [ username ] | Sign onto the system |
newgrp [ arg ] | Logs a user into a new group by changing the real group and effective group ID |
pwd | Print present working directory |
read [ var ] | Read line from standard input into variable var |
readonly [ var ] | Make variable var read-only; cannot be reset |
return [ n ] | Return from a function where n is the exit value given to the return |
set | See Table 8.8 |
shift [ n ] | Shift positional parameters to the left n times |
stop pid | Halt execution of the process number PID |
suspend | Stops execution of the current shell (but not if a login shell) |
times | Print accumulated user and system times for processes run from this shell |
trap [ arg ] [ n ] | When shell receives signal n ( 0, 1, 2, or 15 ), execute arg |
type [ command ] | Prints the type of command; for example, pwd has a built-in shell, in ksh , an alias for the command whence “v |
umask [ octal digits ] | User file creation mode mask for owner, group, and others |
unset [ name ] | Unset value of variable or function |
wait [ pid#n ] | Wait for background process with PID number n and report termination status |
ulimit [ options size ] | Set maximum limits on processes |
umask [ mask ] | Without argument, print out file creation mask for permissions |
wait [ pid#n ] | Wait for background process with PID number n and report termination status |