SAMPLES ASSIGNED THE SAME RANDOM VARIABLE

1. Two or more individual samples may be assigned the same numerical random value X _i .

2. The total number of random variables M will be less than or equal to the total number of individual samples N.

3. Range of random variables: [X ₁ ‰ X _i ‰ X _M ]

   (There are M discrete random variables in the range.)

4. If all samples are assigned a unique RV, then M = N. This may be shown in a pictorial form as: