The following conventions are used throughout this book. Reference ConventionsIn the function/method reference entries, when feasible, each optional parameter is shown with a default value using the Python syntax name=value. Built-in functions need not accept named parameters, so parameter names are not significant. Some optional parameters are best explained in terms of their presence or absence, rather than through default values. In such cases, a parameter is indicated as being optional by enclosing it in brackets ([ ]). When more than one argument is optional, the brackets are nested. Typographic Conventions
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