Chapter 3: Using the SAS Editors

Using the Enhanced Editor

Enhanced Editor Features

While retaining some familiar Program Editor features, the Enhanced Editor enables you to

• use color-coding to identify SAS and SCL program elements as well as HTML and XML document elements. Color-coding settings can be saved in a color scheme.

• create and format your own keywords.

• automatically indent the next line when you press ENTER.

• view the high-level flow of your SAS program or see each detailed statement by expanding or contracting sections of SAS procedures, DATA steps, and macros.

• create macros that record and play back program editing commands by using the keyboard macro recorder.

• create shortcuts for typing in text using abbreviations.

• bookmark lines of code for easy access to different sections of your program or document.

• customize keyboard shortcuts for most Enhanced Editor commands.

• open multiple views of a files.

• access Help for the SAS language by placing the insertion point within the language element name and pressing F1.

Using the Enhanced Editor Window

Overview of the Enhanced Editor Window

The parts of the Enhanced Editor window are shown in the following display:

Display 3.1: Enhanced Editor Window

title bar

• The title bar contains the Enhanced Editor icon and the name of the file. If the file is new, the filename is Editor Untitled x , where x is a window number. An asterisk ( * ) in the title bar indicates that any changes to the file have not been saved.

expanded code section

• An expanded code section displays all of the code within the code section. It is indicated in the margin by the minus sign ( ˆ’ ).

collapsed code section

• A collapsed code section displays only the signature line of code (the line of code that contains the keyword). It is indicated in the margin by the plus sign ( + ).

Enhanced Editor insertion point position

• Part of the main SAS window, the Enhanced Editor insertion point position displays the insertion point line and column position.

margin

• You use the margin on the left side of the Enhanced Editor window to

  • select one or more lines of text

  • expand and collapse code sections

  • display line numbers , code section brackets, and bookmarks.

You can move between Enhanced Editor windows by

• selecting an Enhanced Editor window

• typing wnextedit or wpgm in the command bar.

Opening Files

The following table shows different methods of opening files in the Enhanced Editor.

Table 3.1: Opening Files

To do this...	Follow these instructions...
Open a new file	Do one of the following: Type wedit in the command bar Select View – Enhanced Editor Click the New Program toolbar button Select File – New Program
Open an existing file by using the Open dialog box	Open the Open dialog box by using one of the following: Click the Open Program toolbar button Select File – Open Program Type fileopen in the command bar. [*] Select the file. Click Open .
Open multiple individual files by using the Open dialog box	Hold down the Ctrl key. Select the files. Click Open .
Open an existing file, bypassing the Open dialog box	Do one of the following: Type wedit " filename " in the command bar. Type fileopen " filename " in the command bar.*
Open multiple views of an opened file	Make the file the active window. Select Window – New Window When you open multiple views of a file, changes that you make in any view ofthe file are madesimultaneously in all views.
Append a file to an opened file	Make the file that is to be appended the active window. Select File – Append. Select a folder and the file to append. Click Open .
[*] The Enhanced Editor must be the active window.

Note: To change the default directory for the Open dialog box, either start SAS using the SASINITIALFOLDER system option or change the current working directory. For more information, see 'SASINITIALFOLDER System Option' on page 546 and 'Changing the SAS Current Folder' on page 37.

Saving Files

An asterisk ( * ) that appears in an Enhanced Editor window title bar indicates that the editor contains text that has not been saved to disk. Enhanced Editor windows that display the name Editor Untitled x in the title bar are new files that have never been saved. The x indicates a window number.

To save the contents of the Enhanced Editor window, click the Save toolbar button (the diskette). If the file is to be saved for the first time, the Save As dialog box opens for you to name the file.

To save a file with a new name

1. Select

   File – Save As

2. Select a folder in the Save in field.

3. Type a filename in the File name field.

4. Select a file type from the Save as type field.

5. Click OK .

Note: To change the default directory for the Save dialog box, either start SAS using the SASINITIALFOLDER system option or change the current working directory. For more information, see 'SASINITIALFOLDER System Option' on page 546 and 'Changing the SAS Current Folder' on page 37.

If SAS ends unexpectedly, you can recover the contents of Enhanced Editor windows if the autosave feature is selected in the Preferences dialog box. The Enhanced Editor autosave files are saved in the operating environment Application Data folder with the filename Autosave of filename .$AS , where filename is the name of the file. Under Windows NT, the pathname for the Application Data folder is c:\winnt\Profiles\ username \Application Data\SAS\EnhancedEditor. Under all other Windows operating environments, the pathname for the Application Data folder is c:\Documents and Settings\ username \Application Data\SAS\EnhancedEditor. For example, the path to the autosave file for MYPROGRAM.SAS in folder C:\TEMP would be

 C:\Documents and Settings\myuserid\Application Data\SAS\EnhancedEditor  \Autosave of myprogram.$AS 

SAS deletes autosave files when a file is saved, when the Enhanced Editor window closes , or when a SAS session ends normally. If you have renamed a file and SAS ends abnormally, you will find the autosaved file under the original filename.

For information about setting the autosave feature, see 'Edit Preferences' on page 59 and 'WAUTOSAVE Command' on page 355.

Using Multiple Views of the Same File

You can see different parts of the same file simultaneously by opening multiple views of the same file. While you are working with multiple views, you are working with only one file, not multiple copies of the same file.

To open multiple views of the same file:

1. Make the file the active window.

2. Select

   Window – New Window

The filename in the title bar is appended with a colon and a view number. For example, myfile.sas:1 and myfile.sas:2 .

Changes that you make to a file in one view, such as changing text or bookmarking a line, occur in all views simultaneously. Actions such as scroll bar movement, text selection, and expanding or contracting a section of code occur only in the active window.

Scrolling and Line Number Commands

The Enhanced Editor supports a limited number of scrolling and line number commands that you may be familiar with from using the Program Editor. All Enhanced Editor commands can be typed only from the command bar.

The Enhanced Editor supports the following scrolling commands:

Table 3.2: Scrolling Commands

Command	Description
UP	Move one page toward the beginning of the file.
DOWN	Move one page toward the end of the file.
LEFT	Move one page to the left.
RIGHT	Move one page to the right.

You can display line numbers either by selecting Show line numbers in the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box or by typing nums in the command bar. To suppress line numbers, either deselect Show line numbers or type nums again in the command bar.

All line number commands begin with a colon ( : ). A space is not required between the command and the number. The following line number commands are supported:

Table 3.3: Line Number Commands

Command	Description	Default Value of n	Maximum Value Allowed	Example
:I n	Insert n lines after the current line.	1	9999	:I4 Inserts 4 lines after the current line
:IA n	Insert n lines after the current line.	1	9999	:IA4 Inserts 4 lines after the current line
:IB n	Insert n lines before the current line.	1	9999	:IB2 Inserts 2 lines before the current line
:D n	Delete n lines starting at the current line.	1	9999	:D3 Deletes 3 lines, starting with the current line.
:R n m	Repeat the block of m lines, starting with the current line, n times. A space is required between n and m .	1	9999	:R1 6 Repeats 6 lines, starting with the current line, one time.

Moving the Insertion Point

The Enhanced Editor accepts numerous key sequences for moving the insertion point, as shown in the following table. The key sequence Ctrl + G opens the Go To Line dialog box. All other key sequences move the insertion point as defined.

Table 3.4: Key Sequences for Moving the Insertion Point

Use this key sequence...	To move the insertion point....
Up arrow	up one line
Down arrow	down one line
Left arrow	left by one character
Right arrow	right by one character
Page Down	down a page
Page Up	up a page
Home	to the beginning of the current line
Ctrl + Home or Ctrl + Page Up	to the beginning of the document
End	to the end of the current line
Ctrl + End or Ctrl + Page Down	to the end of the document
Ctrl + up arrow	toward the top of the file while scrolling up
Ctrl + down arrow	toward the bottom of the file while scrolling down
Ctrl + right arrow	to the start of the next word
Ctrl + left arrow	to the start of the previous word
Ctrl + ]	to the matching parenthesis or bracket
Ctrl + G	to a specific line number
Alt + up arrow	to the first visible line
Alt + down arrow	to the last visible line
Alt + right arrow	to the next case change or word boundary
Alt + left arrow	to the previous case change or word boundary
Shift + Tab	backward to the previous tab stop

In addition to using key sequences, you can move the insertion point up by one page, down by one page, to the left by one page and to the right by one page by using the UP, DOWN, LEFT, and RIGHT commands in the command bar.

By default, when you click the mouse button past the end of a line, the insertion point is placed after the last character in a line.

To enable the Enhanced Editor to place the insertion point past the end of a line:

1. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor – General

2. Select the Allow cursor movement past end of line check box.

3. Click OK .

Selecting and Editing Text

Use the following mouse and keyboard shortcut actions to select and manipulate text.

Table 3.5: Selecting Characters and Lines of Text

To select...	Do this...
One or more lines of text using the margin	Click and hold down the left mouse button in the margin on the first line of text that you want to select. Still holding down the left mouse button, drag the mouse pointer within the margin to the last line that you want to select. Release the left mouse button.
Single or multiple characters, or whole lines of text	Click and hold down the left mouse button before the first character that you want to select. Still holding down the left mouse button, drag the mouse pointer to the last character that you want to select. Release the left mouse button.

The following keyboard shortcuts are also available to select text.

Table 3.6: Keyboard Shortcuts to Select Text

To...	Do this...
Extend a selection in a particular direction	Press the Shift key and then press a directional arrow.
Extend a selection one character at a time	Press Shift + left arrow or right arrow
Unmark selected text	Press any directional key
Copy selected text	Press Ctrl + C or select Edit – Copy
Cut selected text	Press Ctrl + X or select Edit – Cut
Paste from the clipboard	Press Ctrl + V or select Edit – Paste
Move selected text	Place the mouse pointer over the selected text. Clickandholddowntheleftmousebutton. The mouse pointer displays a vertical line. Still holding down the left mouse button, drag the selected text and place the vertical line at the position where you want to place the text. Release the left mouse button.

Text that you select appears in reverse video.

For a complete list of selection keyboard shortcuts, see the Selection category in 'Keyboard Shortcuts within the Enhanced Editor' on page 618.

Note: In addition to using commands from the Edit menu, you can use editing commands that are available from the pop-up menu when you click the right mouse button in the Enhanced Editor window.

Dragging Text

To move or copy text

1. Select the text, place the pointer over the selected text, and hold down the left mouse button.

2. To move the text

   1. Drag the text to the location.

   2. Release the left mouse button.

3. To copy the text

   1. Press the Ctrl key.

   2. Drag the text to the desired location.

   3. Release the left mouse button.

To disable drag and drop editing

1. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor – General

2. Clear the Drag and drop text editing check box and click OK .

Finding and Replacing Text

To find text

1. Open the Find dialog box by selecting

   Edit – Find

2. Supply the following information:

   • Find text

     • Type a text string to find. The initial value of this field is the last text string that was used in a search.

   • Find in

     • Click the Find in box to specify whether to search in the code only, in the comments only, or in both the code and comments.

   • Direction

     • Select either the Up or the Down option. Up specifies to search from the insertion point position toward the beginning of the file. Down specifies to search from the insertion point position toward the bottom of the file.

   • Match whole word only

     • Select the check box to specify that a match of the text must be a whole word and not part of a word.

   • Match case

     • Select the check box to specify that upper- and lowercase characters must match exactly.

   • Regular expression search

     • Select the check box to specify that the text string is a regular expression. A regular expression uses special characters as wildcards to search for a string or substring. For a selection of special characters that you can use in regular expressions, click the arrow that is located to the right of the Find text field.

3. Click Find Nex t.

To find and replace text

1. To search only within a subset of text, select the text.

2. Open the Replace dialog box by selecting

   Edit – Replace

3. Supply the following information:

   • Find text

     • Type a text string to find and replace. The initial value of this field is the last text string that was used in a search.

   • Replace with

     • Type the replacement string.

   • Find in

     • Click the Find in box to specify whether to search in the code only, in the comments only, or in both the code and comments.

   • Direction

     • Select either the Up or the Down option. Up specifies to search from the insertion point position toward the beginning of the file. Down specifies to search from the insertion point position toward the bottom of the file.

   • Match whole word only

     • Select this check box to specify that any match of the text must be a whole word and not part of a word.

   • Match case

     • Select this check box to specify that upper- and lowercase characters must match exactly.

   • Regular expressions

     • Select this check box to specify that the text string includes a regular expression. A regular expression uses special characters as wildcards to search for a string or substring. For a selection of special characters that you can use in regular expressions, click the right arrow that is located to the right of the Find text field.

4. Click Find Next .

5. If the text is found, click one of the following:

   • Replace to replace this single occurrence of the text with the replacement string.

   • Replace All to replace all occurrences of the text in the file with the replacement string.

   • Replace in Selection to replace all occurrences of the text that is within selected text with the replacement string.

Checking for Coding Errors

To assist you in finding coding errors, the Enhanced Editor

• color-codes program elements, quoted strings, and comments.

• searches for ending brackets or parentheses when you press Ctrl + ].

• searchs for matching DO-END pairs when you press Alt + [.

See the following table for suggestions about finding coding errors.

Table 3.7: Hints about Finding Coding Errors

To help you find...	Do this...
Undefined or misspelled keywords	In the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box Appearance tab, set the file elements Defined keyword , User defined keyword , and the Undefined keyword to unique color combinations. When SAS recognizes a keyword, the keyword changes to the defined colors. You'll be able to easily spot undefined keywords by looking for the colors that you selected for undefined keywords.
Unmatched quoted strings	Look for one or more lines of the program that are the same color. Text following a quotation mark remains the same color until the string is closed with a matching quotation mark.
Unmatched comments	Look for one or more lines of the program that are the same color. Text that follows an open comment symbol ( /* )remains the same color until the comment is closed with a closing comment symbol ( */).
Matching DO-END pairs	Place the cursor within a DO-END block and press Alt + [. The cursor moves first to the DO keyword. If one of the keywords is not found, the cursor remains as positioned. When both of the keywords exist, pressing Alt + [ moves the cursor between the DO-END keywords.
Matching parentheses or brackets	Place the cursor on either side of the parenthesis or bracket. Press Ctrl + ]. The cursor moves to the matching parentheses or bracket. If one is not found, the cursor remains as positioned.
Missing semi-colons ( ; )	Look for keywords that appear in normal text.

For a list of the components that you can color-code , open the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box. Select the Appearance tab. The components are listed in the File elements box. For more information about defining colors for program components, see 'Setting Appearance Options' on page 105.

Using Automatic Indenting and Tabs

When you press ENTER, you automatically indent the next line by the amount of space that the current line is indented. If you prefer not to use automatic indention:

1. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor – General

2. In the Indentation box, select None .

In addition to automatic indenting, you can indent by using the TAB key. Pressing the TAB key moves the insertion point and any text to the right of the insertion point by the amount of space that you specified in the Tab size field of the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box.

Tab characters can be replaced by spaces either when you press the TAB key or when you open a file. To insert spaces instead of tab characters when you press the TAB key, select the Insert spaces for tabs check box. To replace tab characters with spaces when you open a file, select the Replace tabs with spaces on file open check box.

Note: Changing the tab size modifies tab settings to the new value in all Enhanced Editor windows.

Bookmarking Lines

When you bookmark a line, you create a line marker that is used to easily access that line. A vertical rectangle in the margin indicates that the line is bookmarked. Table 3.8 on page 92 shows the keyboard shortcuts that you can use with bookmarking.

Table 3.8: Keyboard Shortcuts for Bookmarking Lines

To...	Press...
Bookmark a line	Crtl + F2 on an unmarked line
Unmark a line	Ctrl + F2 on a marked line
Go to the next bookmark	F2
Go to the previous bookmark	Shift + F2

Using Abbreviations

You can define a character string so that when you type it and then press the TAB key or the ENTER key, the string expands to a longer character string. For example, you could define the abbreviation myv6sasfiles , which would expand to 'c:\winnt\profiles\myid\personal\mysasfiles\v6'; . Abbreviations are actually macros that insert one or more lines of text.

To create an abbreviation

1. Press Ctrl + Shift + A or select

   Tools – Add Abbreviation

2. In the Abbreviation field, type the name of the abbreviation.

3. In the Text to insert for abbreviation field, type the text that the abbreviation will expand into.

4. Click OK .

To use an abbreviation, type the abbreviation. When an abbreviation is recognized, a tooltip displays the expanded text. Press the TAB key or the ENTER key to accept the abbreviation.

To modify an abbreviation

1. Press Ctrl + Shift + M or select

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Macros

2. Select the abbreviation from the list of current macros.

3. Click Edit .

4. Select the string in the Keyboard Macro Contents field.

5. Click Modify .

6. Type your modification in the Insert String dialog box and click OK .

7. Click OK in the Edit Keyboard Macros dialog box.

8. Click Close in the Macro dialog box.

To delete an abbreviation

1. Press Ctrl + Shift + M or select

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Macros

2. Select the abbreviation from the list of Current Macros .

3. Click Delete .

4. Click Close .

Submitting Your Program

You can submit either a complete program or a specified number of lines of your program, beginning with the first line.

To submit a complete program...	Do this...
When you open the program in the editor	Select the Submit check box in the Open dialog box.
From the Enhanced Editor	Do one of the following: Click the Submit toolbar button Press F3 or F8 Select Run – Submit Type submit in the command bar.

Use the SUBTOP command to submit either the first line or a specified number of lines of a program.

To submit ...	To this...
Only the top line of a program	Do one of the following: Type subtop in the command bar. Select Run – Submit Top Line
A specified number of lines, beginning with the first line	In the command bar, type subtop n , where n is the number of lines that you want to submit. Select Run – Submit N Lines and type the number of lines that you want to submit.

For more information, see 'SUBTOP Command' on page 350.

The Enhanced Editor Options dialog box provides the Clear text on submit setting for you to specify whether you want the contents of the Enhanced Editor window to be cleared after you submit your program. For more information, see 'Setting Enhanced Editor Options' on page 102.

If a line of data in a DATALINES or CARDS statement is greater than 256 characters long, the data is read into one observation. You do not need to specify the LRECL option in the FILENAME statement as you do when you submit a long line of data using the Program Editor.

Obtaining the Filename and Full Path of Submitted Programs or Catalog Entries

When you submit code or a catalog entry from the Enhanced Editor, the filename or catalog entry name and their respective folders are placed in these environment variables :

SAS_EXECFILEPATH

• contains the full path of the submitted program or catalog entry. The full path includes the folder and the filename.

SAS_EXECFILENAME

• contains only the name of the submitted program or the catalog entry name.

You can then extract the filename and full path for use in your SAS programs.

After the following DATA step runs and the data is sorted, the PRINT procedure includes the filename in the title and the full path in the footnote of the procedure output. The results are shown in Display 3.2 on page 96.

 data oranges;     input variety $ flavor texture looks;     total=flavor+texture+looks;  cards;  navel 9 8 6  temple 7 7 7  valencias 8 9 9  mandarins 5 7 9  ;  proc sort data=oranges;     by descending total;  run;  proc print data=oranges;  title 'Taste Test Results for Oranges using File ' %sysget(SAS_EXECFILENAME);  footnote 'The full path is ' %sysget(SAS_EXECFILEPATH);  run; 

Display 3.2: Using an Environment Variable to Place a Filename in DATA Step Output

The resulting output displays the filename in the title and the full path in the footnote:

These environment variables are set only when code is submitted using the Enhanced Editor in the Windows environment. They are not set when you submit SCL code or when you submit code in a batch session.

However, when SAS is running in batch mode, you can obtain the full path (which includes the filename) by submitting % sysfunc ( getoption (SYSIN)) . The following macro can be used to obtain the full path in both a batch session and an interactive session by using the Enhanced Editor:

 %let execpath=" ";  %macro setexecpath;     %let execpath=%sysfunc(GetOption(SYSIN));     %if %length(&execpath)=0        %then %let execpath=%sysget(SAS_EXECFILEPATH);  %mend setexecpath;  %setexecpath;  %put &execpath; 

You can also use the following %PUT macro statements to display the filename and full path in the SAS log:

 %put Submitted file path is %sysget(SAS_EXECFILEPATH).;  %put Submitted file name is %sysget(SAS_EXECFILENAME).; 

CAUTION:

• The values for these environment variables may be overwritten if subsequent programs are submitted while an interactive procedure is active. The environment variables are set to the last submitted program. If a program starts an interactive procedure and subsequent programs are submitted while the interactive procedure is still active, the environment variables are set to the filename and full path of the latest submitted program. The filename and full path of the program that submitted the interactive procedure are no long available.

Using Keyboard Shortcuts

The Enhanced Editor provides extensive keyboard shortcuts for the Enhanced Editor. 'Keyboard Shortcuts within the Enhanced Editor' on page 618provides a complete list of commands and their default keyboard shortcuts. The following table shows some of the more useful keyboard shortcuts.

Table 3.9: Useful Keyboard Shortcuts

To...	Press...
Get help for a SAS procedure	the mouse button and place the insertion point within the procedure name and press F1
Add a new abbreviation	CTRL + Shift + A
Toggle expand current line	Alt + Num *
Collapse all code sections	Alt + Ctrl + Number pad ˆ’
Expand all code sections	Alt + Ctrl + Number pad +
Toggle marker on the current line	Ctrl + F2
Go to the next marked line	F2
Go to the previous marked line	Shift + F2
Go to line	Ctrl + G
Go to the beginning of the file	Ctrl + Page Up
Go to the end of the file	Ctrl + Page Down
Convert selected text to uppercase	Ctrl + Shift + U
Convert selected text to lowercase	Ctrl + Shift + L

For information about defining keyboard shortcuts, see 'Using Keyboard Shortcuts to Customize the Enhanced Editor' on page 106.

Using Keyboard Macros

A keyboard macro is a series of Enhanced Editor commands and instructions that you group together as a single command to accomplish a task automatically. Instead of manually performing a series of time-consuming , repetitive actions, you can create and run a single macro. You run a macro from the Tools menu or by using a keyboard shortcut. For information about defining a keyboard shortcut for using macros, see 'Using Keyboard Shortcuts to Customize the Enhanced Editor' on page 106.

You can create a macro by recording it from the Enhanced Editor window:

1. Start recording either by pressing Alt + Shift + R or by selecting

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Record New Macro

2. Execute the sequence of actions to accomplish the task.

3. Stop recording either by pressing Alt + Shift + R or by selecting

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Stop Recording

4. If you want, define a keyboard shortcut to run the macro. For information, see 'Using Keyboard Shortcuts to Customize the Enhanced Editor' on page 106.

An alternative way to create a macro is to add commands by using the Create Keyboard Macro dialog box. To do this

1. Open the Keyboard Macros dialog box by pressing Ctrl + Shift + M or by selecting

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Macros

2. Click Create to open the Create Keyboard Macro dialog box.

3. Type the name of the macro in the Keyboard macro name field.

4. Type a description of the macro in the Keyboard macro description field.

5. The Keyboard macro contents box lists the commands in the order in which they will be executed.

   To add a command, select the command from the Commands box and click the Insert Selected Command button (the double arrow). Repeat this step until all commands are listed in the Keyboard macro contents box.

   You can reorder commands by selecting the command in the Keyboard macro contents box and clicking the UP or DOWN arrows.

   To delete a command, select the command and click Delete .

6. When all of the commands are present in the box and are ordered correctly, click OK .

7. In the Keyboard Macros dialog box, click Close .

To run a macro, use a keyboard shortcut or

1. Select

   Tools – Keyboard Macros Run – Macro

2. In the Run Macro dialog box, select a macro and click Run .

To edit a macro

1. Open the Keyboard Macro dialog box by pressing Ctrl + Shift + M or by selecting

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Macros

2. Select a macro and click Edit to open the Edit Keyboard Macro dialog box.

3. To add a command, select a command from the Commands box and click the Insert Selected Command button.

   To modify a command, first ensure that you can modify the command by selecting the command from the Keyboard macro contents box. If a command can be modified, the Modify button is active. Click Modify to open a dialog box that will enable you to modify the command.

   To delete a command, select the command in the Keyboard macro contents box and click Delete .

   To reorder a command, select the command and click the up or down button.

4. When the commands are in the correct order, click OK .

To delete a macro

1. Press Ctrl + Shift + M or select

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Macros

2. Select the macro and click Delete .

3. Click Yes in the Delete Macro dialog box.

4. Click Close.

This example lists the steps to create an RSUBMIT statement, an ENDRSUBMIT statement, a blank line between these statements, and tabs by the amount that you specified Tabs size field in the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box.

1. Select

   View – Enhanced Editor

2. Select

   Tools – Keyboard Macros – Record New Macro

   and click OK in the message box.

3. In the Enhanced Editor window:

   1. Press ENTER.

   2. Type rsubmit;

   3. Press ENTER.

   4. Press ENTER.

   5. Type endrsubmit;

   6. Press the UP arrow.

   7. Press the TAB key.

   8. Select

      Tools – Keyboard Macros – Stop Recording

The resulting macro contains the following commands:

 Insert carriage return  Insert character ['r']  Insert character ['s']  Insert character ['u']  Insert character ['b']  Insert character ['m']  Insert character ['i']  Insert character ['t']  Insert character [';']  Insert carriage return  Insert carriage return  Insert character ['e']  Insert character ['n']  Insert character ['d']  Insert character ['r']  Insert character ['s']  Insert character ['u']  Insert character ['b']  Insert character ['m']  Insert character ['i']  Insert character ['t']  Insert character [';']  Move cursor up  Insert character [''] 

Keyboard macros can be shared by multiple users. You can import or export them to or from a folder by using the Keyboard Macros dialog box. To open the dialog box, select

Tools – Keyboard Macros – Macros

To import a keyboard macro, click Import , select a folder from the Look in box and a filename from the File name box. Then click OK .

To export a keyboard macro, click Export , select a folder from the Look in field, type a filename in the File name box, and click OK .

Using Collapsible Code Sections

Collapsible code sections enable you to expand or collapse one or more sections of code. A section begins with a step keyword, a comment, or spaces above a section word or comment. A section ends with the next step keyword, a comment, or space above the next section word or comment. Step keywords include the DATA statement, the PROC statement, and the %MACRO statement. The signature line is the line in which the step keyword appears.

An expanded section is indicated by a minus sign in the margin next to the signature line. To collapse a section, click the minus sign.

A collapsed section is indicated by a plus sign in the margin, and the signature line is the only line of code that is displayed. To expand a section, click the plus sign.

Display 3.3: The Enhanced Editor When Collapsible Code Segments Are Enabled

Brackets in the margin and a section line across the editor window mark the beginning and end of a section. If you do not want to see either the brackets or the section line, you can suppress them by using the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box.

To disable collapsible code sections, or brackets and lines, select

Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor – General

and select the appropriate settings:

• Clear the Collapsible code sections check box to disable collapsible code sections.

• Clear the Show section lines in text check box to disable section lines in the editor.

• Clear the Show section brackets in margin check box to suppress section brackets in the margin.

The following rules apply when you select and edit collapsed segments:

• Selecting a line from the margin that includes a collapsed segment includes all text within the collapsed segment.

• Selecting a line of text by dragging the mouse over the text or by using the keyboard selects only that line of text.

• Selecting text from above a collapsed section and into a collapsed signature line copies text from the start of the selection to the end of the selection. The selection includes any hidden lines above the signature line up to the end of the selection.

• Selecting text on a signature line down into another section marks text from the beginning of the selection to the end of the selection and includes hidden text below the signature line.

• Any keystroke on a signature line expands the section.

• Pasting into a signature line or section expands the section.

• Typing something above a section that affects the section, such as comments or quotes, expands the section.

• Pressing ENTER at the beginning of a signature line adds code at the beginning of the section.

• Pressing ENTER at the end of a signature line adds code at the end of the section.

• Selecting Undo will not undo the collapse and expand commands.

• When you search for text and the text is found within a collapsed segment, the segment expands.

• When text within a collapsed segment is to be replaced, the segment expands.

• When text within a collapsed segment is to be replaced and you select Replace All , collapsed sections do not expand.

Creating Your Own Keywords

In addition to the many SAS program file elements that you can format within the Enhanced Editor, you can create user-defined keywords for programming elements such as SAS procedure statements, variables, and user-defined formats. The appearance of user-defined keywords overrides the appearance of identical keywords that are defined in the SAS language.

Use the following rules for naming keywords:

1. The first letter must be a letter ( A, B, C, ... Z) or an underscore ( _ ).

2. Subsequent characters can be letters , numeric digits ( 0, 1, ... 9) or underscores.

3. You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. Keywords are not case-sensitive.

4. Blanks are not allowed in keyword names .

To create and format user-defined keywords, use the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box as follows:

1. Make an Enhanced Editor window the active window.

2. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor

3. From the General tab, click User Defined Keyword .

4. Click Add .

5. Replace NewKeyword with your keyword.

6. Click OK .

7. Select the Appearance tab.

8. In the File elements box, select User defined keyword .

9. Select a font, foreground color, and background color.

10. Click OK .

To rename a keyword from the User Defined Keywords dialog box

1. Select the keyword.

2. Click Rename .

3. Rename the keyword.

4. Click OK .

To delete a keyword from the User Defined Keywords dialog box

1. Select the keyword.

2. Click Delete .

3. Click OK .

Associating File Extensions with File Types

The following table lists the default file extensions for the types of files that are recognized by the Enhanced Editor.

Table 3.10: Default File Extensions Recognized by the Enhanced Editor

File Type	Default File Extension
SAS Program File	.sas
SCL Program File	.scl
HTML Document	.htm, .html, .xml

To associate other file extensions with SAS and SCL programs, and HTML and XML documents, do the following:

1. Open the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box by selecting

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor

2. Click the General tab.

3. Select a file type from the File type box.

4. Click File Extensions and then click Add .

5. Type the file extension and press ENTER.

To rename a file extension

1. Select the file extension.

2. Click Rename .

3. Type the new file extension and press ENTER.

To delete a file extension, select the file extension and click Delete .

To revert to the default file extensions, click Default .

Setting Enhanced Editor Options

Opening the Enhanced Editor Options Window

To open the Enhanced Editor Options window from the menu, ensure that an Enhanced Editor window is the active window and select

Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor

Display 3.4: Editor Options Dialog Box

Click the tabs that are located along the top of the dialog box to navigate to the settings that you want to change, and then select the options that you want. When you are finished, click OK .

General Editor Options

From the General tab you can specify the following options that control how the Enhanced Editor works.

Allow cursor movement past end of line

• specifies where the insertion point is positioned when you click the mouse pointer after the last text character on a line. If it is selected, the insertion point is positioned where you click the mouse pointer. If it is not selected, the insertion point is positioned after the last text character on the line.

Drag and drop text editing

• specifies whether selected text can be moved by using drag-and-drop editing. If it is selected, selected text can be moved. If it is not selected, selected text cannot be moved.

Show line numbers

• specifies whether to display line numbers in the margin. When line numbers are displayed, the current line number is red.

Strip Ctrl+Z characters

• specifies to remove the Ctrl+Z end-of-file characters that might be included in files that were created in a DOS editor.

File type

• specifies the type of file to which tabs, indention, and collapsible code sections apply. File types include HTML documents, SAS programs, SCL programs, and text documents.

Tab size

• specifies the number of spaces to indent.

Insert spaces for tabs

• specifies whether to insert the space character or the tab character when you press the TAB key. If it is selected, the space character is used. If it is not selected, the tab character is used.

Replace tabs with spaces on file open

• specifies whether to replace all tab characters in a file with the space character when the file is opened.

Indentation

• specifies the type of indention to use. When None is selected, no indention is used. When Automatic is selected, the next line is automatically indented by the same amount of space that the previous line is indented.

Collapsible code sections

• specifies whether to enable the expansion and contraction of code sections. If it is selected, the collapsible code sections can be collapsed or expanded. If it is not selected, all code appears in the editor window. The following settings are active when the Collapsible code sections setting is selected:

  • When Show section lines in text is selected, a line appears after each section of text.

  • When Show section brackets in margin is selected, brackets are displayed around each section in the margin.

Clear text on submit

• specifies whether to clear the contents of the Enhanced Editor window after you submit a program for processing. If it is selected, the Enhanced Editor window is cleared when you submit the program. If it is not selected, the program remains in the editor window. If this setting is selected, you can recall the last submitted program by using the F4 key.

User Defined Keywords

• opens the User Defined Keywords dialog box that you use to create user-defined keywords.

File Extensions

• opens the SAS Extensions dialog box. Use the SAS Extensions dialog box to define file extensions that are recognized by the Enhanced Editor.

Appearance Options

The following appearance options enable you to specify foreground and background colors, and font styles for file elements. You can also create and save color schemes. For more information about using these appearance options, see 'Setting Appearance Options' on page 105 and 'Using Schemes' on page 106.

File type

• specifies the type of file whose elements you want to color-code. You can color-code file elements for SAS programs, SCL programs, HTML and XML documents, and text documents. To color-code an XML document, select HTML Document . The default is the file type of the file that you are editing at the time that you invoke the Editor Options dialog box.

Scheme

• is a name that represents a saved set of appearance options for the specified file type.

Name

• specifies the name of the font for the scheme.

Size

• specifies the font size for the scheme.

Script

• lists the character sets available for the specified font. The character set that is used by the default script is determined by the Windows regional options.

File elements

• lists the elements of the specified file type that can be color-coded.

Foreground

• specifies the text color that is to be applied to the selected file element.

Background

• specifies the background color that is to be applied to the selected file element.

Font Style

• specifies whether Normal , Bold , Italic , or Bold Italic font is to be applied to the file element.

Underlined

• specifies whether the file element is to be underlined.

Sample

• displays a sample of the selected file element colors and font.

Setting Appearance Options

When you set appearance options, you set them for the elements of the file type that you specified in the File type box. As you make your selections, the Sample box displays your selected formatting. The formatting options that you specify are applied to all opened Enhanced Editor windows of that file type. When you start SAS, the formatting options that are applied to the Enhanced Editor files are the formatting options that were in effect when the last SAS session ended.

To specify appearance options

1. Open the Editor Options window by selecting

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor – Appearance

2. Select a file type from the File type box.

3. Optionally, you can select a saved formatting scheme from the Scheme box. For more information about using schemes, see 'Using Schemes' on page 106.

4. From the Name box, select a font.

5. From the Size box, select a font size.

6. From the Script box, select a script that is appropriate for the language that your computer uses. The Default script is determined by the Windows regional options.

7. For each file element that you want to format

   1. Select a file element.

   2. Click in the Foreground box and select a color for the file element. To create a custom color, select Custom and create a color from the Color dialog box.

   3. Click the Background box and select a color for the background of the file element. To create a custom color, select Custom and create a color from the Color dialog box.

      Note: Changing the background color for Normal text changes the Enhanced Editor window to the specified color.

   4. From the Font Style box, select Normal , Bold , Italic ,or Bold Italic .

   5. If you want the element to be underlined, select the Underlined box.

8. Review your selections in the Sample box. Click on a file element in the sample to see its color and font assignment. When you have finished formatting all file elements, click OK .

Using Schemes

A scheme is a saved set of formatting options, such as font, fontsize, and script. You can set your appearance options by selecting a file type and a scheme instead of setting individual file elements. SAS provides several schemes which you can select from the Scheme box. Schemes provided by SAS use the Default script.

To create a scheme

1. Select a file type from the File type box.

2. Select a font, font size, and a script.

3. For each file element, select a color for the foreground and background, a font style, and the underlining option.

4. Click Save As and type a scheme name in the Save Scheme dialog box.

5. Click OK .

To modify a scheme

1. Click in the File type box and select a file type.

2. Click in the Scheme box and select a scheme.

3. Make the font and file element changes that you want.

4. Click Save As . The selected scheme name appears in the Scheme name entry box.

5. Click OK .

To delete a scheme

1. Click in the File type box and select a file type.

2. Click in the Scheme box and select the scheme name that you want to delete.

3. Click Delete .

Using Keyboard Shortcuts to Customize the Enhanced Editor

You can customize Enhanced Editor commands and keyboard macros by using the Enhanced Editor Keys dialog box.

Assigning Keyboard Shortcuts

When you open the Enhanced Editor Keys dialog box, you can choose to view only commands that have been assigned keyboard shortcuts, or you can view all commands. To see only the commands that have assigned keyboard shortcuts, ensure that the Show all commands check box is not selected. To see all commands, including those that have no key assignment, check the Show all commands check box.

To assign keyboard shortcuts

1. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor Keys

2. Select a category from the Categories box. Macros are listed in the User Defined category.

3. Select a command from the Commands box. If a keyboard shortcut is already defined for the command, it is displayed in the Keys column.

4. Click Assign keys .

5. Place the insertion point in the Press new shortcut key field.

6. Press a key sequence for the selected command. The sequence displays in the Press new shortcut key field, and the assignment status for that key appears at the bottom of the dialog box. If the value in the Currently assigned to field is None , then no other command is assigned to this keyboard shortcut.

7. To assign the keyboard shortcut, click Assign .

   Note: Assigning a keyboard shortcut to a key sequence that is assigned to another command deletes the shortcut for that command. For example, if you assign the Backspace key to the Add a new abbreviation command, pressing the Backspace key displays the Add Abbreviation dialog box, and you can no longer backspace by using the Backspace key.

Deleting Keyboard Shortcuts

To delete a keyboard shortcut

1. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor Keys

2. Click Assign keys .

3. Select the category in the Categories box. Macros are listed in the User Defined category.

4. Select the command in the Commands box.

5. Select the key sequence in the Keys currently assigned to command box.

6. Click Remove .

Resetting Keyboard Shortcuts to the Enhanced Editor Defaults

Resetting keyboard shortcuts to the default keyboard shortcuts deletes all macro keyboard shortcuts. See 'Keyboard Shortcuts within the Enhanced Editor' on page 618 for a list of the default keyboard shortcuts.

To reset keyboard shortcuts to the Enhanced Editor default keyboard shortcuts

1. Select

   Tools – Options – Enhanced Editor Keys

2. Click Assign keys .

3. Click Reset All .

Enabling and Disabling the Enhanced Editor

By default, the Enhanced Editor is the active editor when you start SAS.

To disable the Enhanced Editor when you start SAS, use the NOENHANCEDEDITOR system option. For more information, see 'ENHANCEDEDITOR System Option' on page 501. You can also enable or disable the Enhanced Editor by using the Use Enhanced Editor setting in the Preferences dialog box Edit tab or by using the wedit command. For more information, see 'WEDIT Command' on page 360.

When you disable the Enhanced Editor, the menu commands are not available. All opened Enhanced Editor windows remain open, and you can open new Enhanced Editor windows by using the View menu or the wedit command. If the Enhanced Editor is disabled when you start SAS, the Enhanced Editor window does not open.

When the Enhanced Editor is enabled, the Text Editor command in the Tools menu opens an Enhanced Editor window. When the Enhanced Editor is disabled, the Text Editor command opens SAS NOTEPAD.