Functions

Table 68 lists the JSTL functions

Table 68. Functions
Area	Function	Tags	Prefix
Functions	Collection length	`length`	`fn`
Functions	String manipulation	toUpperCase, toLowerCase substring, substringAfter, substringBefore trim replace indexOf, startsWith, endsWith, contains, containsIgnoreCase split, join escapeXml	`fn`

Although the java.util.Collection interface defines a size method, it does not conform to the JavaBeans component design pattern for properties and so cannot be accessed via the JSP expression language. The length function can be applied to any collection supported by the c:forEach and returns the length of the collection. When applied to a String, it returns the number of characters in the string.

For example, the index.jsp page of the hello1 application introduced in Chapter 2 uses the fn:length function and the c:if tag to determine whether to include a response page:

   <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"      prefix="c" %>    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"      prefix="fn" %>    <html>    <head><title>Hello</title></head>    ...    <input type="text" name="username" size="25">    <p></p>    <input type="submit" value="Submit">    <input type="reset" value="Reset">    </form>    <c:if test="${fn:length(param.username) > 0}" >      <%@include file="response.jsp" %>    </c:if>    </body>    </html>

The rest of the JSTL functions are concerned with string manipulation:

toUpperCase, toLowerCase: Changes the capitalization of a string
substring, substringBefore, substringAfter: Gets a subset of a string
TRim: TRims whitespace from a string
replace: Replaces characters in a string
indexOf, startsWith, endsWith, contains, containsIgnoreCase: Checks whether a string contains another string
split: Splits a string into an array
join: Joins a collection into a string
escapeXml: Escapes XML characters in a string

Table 68. Functions