Key MFC Classes

	Chapter 6 - Working with Data
	Visual C++ 6: The Complete Reference
	Chris H. Pappas and William H. Murray, III

Copyright 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies

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	Standard C and C++ Libraries

	Certain calculations are routinely performed in many programs and are written by almost all programmers. Taking the square root of a number is an example of such a calculation. Mathematical procedures for calculating square roots make use of combinations of the basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

	It would be a waste of effort if every programmer had to design and code a routine to calculate the square root and then to incorporate that routine into the program. C and C++ resolve difficulties like this by providing you with libraries of functions that perform particular common calculations. With the libraries, you need only a single statement to invoke such a function.

	This section discusses functions that are commonly provided with the C and C++ compiler. These library functions are usually not provided in source form but in compiled form. When linking is performed, the code for the library functions is combined with the compiled programmer’s code to form the complete program.

	Library functions not only perform mathematical operations, they also deal with many other commonly encountered operations. For example, there are library functions that deal with reading and writing disk files, managing memory, input/output, and a variety of other operations. Library functions are not part of standard C or C++, but virtually every system provides certain library functions.

	Most library functions are designed to use information contained in particular files that are supplied with the system. These files, therefore, must be included when the library functions are used, and are provided with the Visual C/C++ compiler. They usually have the extension .H and are called header files. To see the most up-to-date list of header files supplied with your Microsoft Visual C++ Development Studio, route your File Manager over to the \include subdirectory, found nested within the Development Studio subdirectory. Table 6-5 lists many of the more frequently used header files.

	Table 6-5: Header Files Shipped with Visral C++

	Header

Size

Header

Size

	ACCCTRL.H

8,711

NDDESEC.H

3,146

	ACLAPI.H

14,090

NEW.H

2,509

	ACTIVSCP.H

45,596

NSPAPI.H

18,996

	ALPHAOPS.H

43,059

NTSDEXTS.H

1,502

	ASPTLB.H

17,564

OAIDL.H

197,254

	ASSERT.H

1,469

OBJBASE.H

30,028

	ATALKWSH.H

4,608

OBJERROR.H

301

	BASETYPS.H

8,965

OBJIDL.H

330,903

	CDERR.H

2,197

OBJSAFE.H

7,808

	CGUID.H

3,497

OCIDL.H

244,528

	COLORDLG.H

1,434

ODBCINST.H

15,315

	COMCAT.H

32,382

OLE.H

25,650

	COMDEF.H

39,062

OLE2.H

12,682

	COMIP.H

22,023

OLE2VER.H

664

	COMMCTRL.H

131,448

OLEAUTO.H

33,100

	COMMDLG.H

28,166

OLECTL.H

20,424

	COMPOBJ.H

435

OLECTLID.H

824

	COMUTIL.H

43,037

OLEDLG.H

74,489

	CONIO.H

3,183

OLEIDL.H

159,627

	CPL.H

8,282

OLENLS.H

22,637

	CPLEXT.H

2,158

OSTREAM.H

4,908

	CRTDBG.H

13,860

PBT.H

1,409

	CTL3D.H

2,673

PCRT32.H

1,534

	CTYPE.H

12,848

PDH.H

16,235

	CUSTCNTL.H

8,537

PDHMSG.H

8,303

	CUSTOMAW.H

3,368

PENWIN.H

106,402

	D3D.H

18,414

PLAN32.H

915

	D3DCAPS.H

13,527

POPPACK.H

1,023

	D3DRM.H

5,488

PROCESS.H

9,450

	D3DRMDEF.H

14,133

PRSHT.H

12,580

	D3DRMOBJ.H

32,372

PSHPACK1.H

911

	D3DRMWIN.H

1,180

PSHPACK2.H

911

	D3DTYPES.H

31,957

PSHPACK4.H

911

	DAOGETRW.H

5,143

PSHPACK8.H

911

	DBDAOERR.H

69,776

RAS.H

32,269

	DBDAOID.H

11,933

RASDLG.H

6,445

	DBDAOINT.H

43,043

RASERROR.H

18,219

	DBT.H

10,633

RASSAPI.H

10,573

	DDE.H

5,072

RASSHOST.H

4,620

	DDEML.H

17,868

RECGUIDS.H

567

	DDRAW.H

102,313

RECONCIL.H

5,560

	DIGITALV.H

37,699

REGSTR.H

60,127

	DIRECT.H

3,595

RICHEDIT.H

29,848

	DISPATCH.H

437

RICHOLE.H

6,473

	DISPDIB.H

11,161

RPC.H

1,983

	DLCAPI.H

33,975

RPCDCE.H

42,018

	DLGS.H

5,692

RPCDCEP.H

9,678

	DOCOBJ.H

51,721

RPCNDR.H

75,799

	DOS.H

4,605

RPCNSI.H

14,654

	DPLAY.H

10,913

RPCNSIP.H

1,176

	DRIVINIT.H

34

RPCNTERR.H

1,569

	DSOUND.H

13,356

RPCPROXY.H

18,105

	DVOBJ.H

424

SCODE.H

214

	EH.H

2,144

SCRNSAVE.H

8,622

	ERRNO.H

2,641

SEARCH.H

2,559

	ERROR.H

14,337

SEHMAP.H

557

	EXCHEXT.H

30,413

SERVPROV.H

5,953

	EXCHFORM.H

1,796

SETJMP.H

8,092

	EXCPT.H

3,960

SETJMPEX.H

956

	EXDISP.H

10,024

SETUPAPI.H

102,225

	EXDISPID.H

1,518

SHARE.H

828

	FCNTL.H

2,292

SHELLAPI.H

16,824

	FLOAT.H

11,052

SHLGUID.H

4,747

	FPIEEE.H

5,260

SHLOBJ.H

94,740

	FSTREAM.H

4,619

SIGNAL.H

2,833

	FTSIFACE.H

6,789

SMPAB.H

1,233

	HLIFACE.H

1,879

SMPMS.H

1,892

	HLINK.H

69,266

SMPXP.H

3,778

	HTTPEXT.H

7,775

SNMP.H

16,987

	HTTPFILT.H

12,861

SPORDER.H

1,944

	IDF.H

12,538

SQL.H

29,810

	IDISPIDS.H

430

SQLEXT.H

76,694

	IMAGEHLP.H

23,452

SQLTYPES.H

6,621

	IME.H

6,939

SQLUCODE.H

22,825

	IMESSAGE.H

8,229

STDARG.H

4,730

	IMM.H

20,961

STDDEF.H

2,458

	INETSDK.H

1,892

STDEXCPT.H

1,935

	INITGUID.H

1,442

STDIO.H

13,087

	INITOID.H

1,467

STDIOSTR.H

2,082

	INTSHCUT.H

15,073

STDLIB.H

19,150

	IO.H

7,986

STL.H

6,704

	IOMANIP.H

4,408

STORAGE.H

435

	IOS.H

9,101

STREAMB.H

5,419

	IOSTREAM.H

2,373

STRING.H

9,170

	ISGUIDS.H

747

STRSTREA.H

3,074

	ISO646.H

419

SVCGUID.H

16,113

	ISTREAM.H

6,626

SVRAPI.H

47,005

	LARGEINT.H

5,279

TAPI.H

150,246

	LIMITS.H

4,133

TCHAR.H

27,828

	LM.H

1,284

TIME.H

7,494

	LMACCESS.H

40,810

TLHELP32.H

6,068

	LMALERT.H

3,738

TNEF.H

14,111

	LMAPIBUF.H

1,321

TSPI.H

41,575

	LMAT.H

3,576

TYPEINFO.H

2,074

	LMAUDIT.H

10,910

UNKNWN.H

9,289

	LMBROWSR.H

5,967

URLHLINK.H

89

	LMCHDEV.H

5,439

URLMON.H

83,404

	LMCONFIG.H

1,698

USE_ANSI.H

812

	LMCONS.H

7,239

USEOLDIO.H

1,028

	LMERR.H

36,393

VARARGS.H

4,675

	LMERRLOG.H

38,479

VARIANT.H

435

	LMMSG.H

2,125

VCR.H

20,052

	LMREMUTL.H

2,921

VDMDBG.H

13,476

	LMREPL.H

6,726

VER.H

113

	LMSERVER.H

47,741

VFW.H

139,508

	LMSHARE.H

10,475

WCHAR.H

24,960

	LMSNAME.H

3,065

WCTYPE.H

7,037

	LMSTATS.H

5,134

WDBGEXTS.H

13,287

	LMSVC.H

13,334

WFEXT.H

6,531

	LMUSE.H

3,641

WINBASE.H

154,540

	LMUSEFLG.H

676

WINCON.H

14,592

	LMWKSTA.H

16,742

WINCRYPT.H

13,176

	LOADPERF.H

1,407

WINDEF.H

6,760

	LOCALE.H

3,308

WINDOWS.H

4,903

	LSAPI.H

11,774

WINDOWSX.H

73,255

	LZEXPAND.H

1,679

WINERROR.H

203,050

	MALLOC.H

4,429

WINGDI.H

147,629

	MAPI.H

11,857

WININET.H

78,807

	MAPICODE.H

10,528

WINIOCTL.H

30,511

	MAPIDBG.H

24,876

WINNETWK.H

22,739

	MAPIDEFS.H

103,616

WINNLS.H

39,651

	MAPIFORM.H

28,081

WINNLS32.H

2,125

	MAPIGUID.H

11,650

WINNT.H

179,078

	MAPIHOOK.H

2,649

WINPERF.H

28,279

	MAPINLS.H

6,893

WINREG.H

14,324

	MAPIOID.H

2,759

WINRESRC.H

53,424

	MAPISPI.H

47,359

WINSOCK.H

33,611

	MAPITAGS.H

68,440

WINSOCK2.H

93,959

	MAPIUTIL.H

30,573

WINSPOOL.H

52,635

	MAPIVAL.H

90,055

WINSVC.H

19,076

	MAPIWIN.H

15,665

WINTRUST.H

11,053

	MAPIWZ.H

1,977

WINUSER.H

192,575

	MAPIX.H

28,494

WINVER.H

9,504

	MATH.H

20,528

WINWLX.H

21,983

	MBCTYPE.H

4,712

WOWNT16.H

4,380

	MBSTRING.H

7,570

WOWNT32.H

9,744

	MCIAVI.H

2,989

WPAPI.H

2,731

	MCX.H

3,915

WPGUID.H

800

	MEMORY.H

2,660

WPOBJ.H

2,038

	MGMTAPI.H

5,210

WPSPI.H

8,411

	MIDLES.H

5,962

WS2ATM.H

16,643

	MINMAX.H

451

WS2SPI.H

18,485

	MMREG.H

69,235

WS2TCPIP.H

2,611

	MMSYSTEM.H

154,496

WSHISOTP.H

3,355

	MONIKER.H

435

WSIPX.H

1,941

	MSACM.H

58,508

WSNETBS.H

2,257

	MSACMDLG.H

1,029

WSNWLINK.H

9,315

	MSCONF.H

13,545

WSVNS.H

1,250

	MSFS.H

16,926

WSVV.H

1,590

	MSPAB.H

2,143

WTYPES.H

29,754

	MSPST.H

4,977

XCMC.H

14,014

	MSSTKPPG.H

1,191

XCMCEXT.H

2,726

	MSWSOCK.H

4,189

XCMCMSX2.H

1,039

	MTX.H

19,513

XCMCMSXT.H

1,816

	MTXATTR.H

1,522

XLOCINFO.H

3,052

	MTXSPM.H

26,216

YMATH.H

1,616

	NB30.H

12,693

YVALS.H

2,111

	NDDEAPI.H

14,642

ZMOUSE.H

7,305

	In general, different header files are required by different library functions. The header files a function needs will be listed in the description for that function. For example, the sqrt( ) function needs the declarations found in the MATH.H header file. Your Microsoft Visual C/C++ Run-Time Library Reference lists all of the library functions and their associated header files.

	The following list briefly summarizes the library categories provided by the Visual C/C++ compiler:

	Classification routines Conversion routines Directory control routines Diagnostic routines Graphics routines Input/output routines Interface routines (DOS, 8086, BIOS) Manipulation routines Math routines Memory allocation routines Process control routines Standard routines Text window display routines Time and date routines

	Check your reference manual for a detailed explanation of the individual functions provided by each library.

	After reading this chapter, you should understand C’s basic data types and operators, so it’s time to move on to the topic of logic control. Chapter 7 introduces you to C’s decision, selection, and iteration control statements.

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