Chapter 7

1. 1. each operation = (2 × l5 + 1)² + 8 = 969, total operations = 3 × 969 = 2907

   2. ω = 3 × 15 = 45, total no of operations = (2 x 45 + 1)² + 8 = 8289

2. 1. the first B-picture is closer to its forward prediction than its backward prediction picture.

   2. for the second B-picture, FWD = 9 and BWD = 5

   3. for P-picture (2 × 13 + 1)² + 8 = 737, and for each B-picture (2 × 5 + 1)² + 8 + (2 x 9 + 1)² + 8 = 498

3. Average and the complexity index is 50 × 1000 × 13 = 65 × 10⁴.

4. (8 × 7) + (3 × 10) + 20 = 106

   for I-pictures:

   

   for P = 54.3 kbits and for B = 38 kbits.

5. The new index ratio for B becomes 7/1.4 = 5

   (8 × 5) + (3 × 10) + 20 = 90, and bits for I = 128 kbits, for P = 64 and for B = 32 kbits

6. 20 + 10 + 10 + 20 + 8 × 7=116

   for P, the average index of (10 + 10 + 20)/3 = 13.3 should be used, hence the target bit rates for I = 99.3 kbits, for P = 66.2 kbits and for B = 34.75 kbits.

7. 1. all equal to 48 kbit/s

   2. 60 + 3 × 20+8 × 15 = 240

      For for P = 48 kbits and for B = 36 kbits