Network Models

There are two basic wired network models from which to choosethe peer-to-peer network model and the client/server model. The model used for a network is determined by several factors, including how the network will be used, how many users will be on the network, and budgetary considerations.

Peer-to-peer Networking

A peer-to-peer network is a decentralized network model offering no centralized storage of data or centralized control over the sharing of files or resources. All systems on a peer-to-peer network can share the resources on their local computer as well as use resources of other systems.

Peer-to-peer networks are cheaper and easier to implement than client/server networks, making them an ideal solution for environments in which budgets are a concern. The peer-to-peer model does not work well with large numbers of computer systems. As a peer-to-peer network grows, it becomes increasingly complicated to navigate and access files and resources connected to each computer because they are distributed throughout the network. Further, the lack of centralized data storage makes it difficult to locate and back up key files.

Peer-to-peer networks are typically found in small offices or in residential settings where only a limited number of computers will be attached and only a few files and resources shared. A general rule of thumb is to have no more than 10 computers connected to a peer-to-peer network.

Client/Server Networking Model

The client/server networking model is, without question, the most widely implemented model and the one you are most likely to encounter when working in real-world environments. The advantages of the client/server system stem from the fact that it is a centralized model. It allows for centralized network management of all network services, including user management, security, and backup procedures.

A client/server network often requires technically skilled personnel to implement and manage the network. This and the cost of a dedicated server hardware and software increase the cost of the client/server model. Despite this, the advantages of the centralized management, data storage, administration, and security make it the network model of choice. Table 1.1 summarizes the characteristics of the peer-to-peer and client/server network models.

Table 1.1. Comparison of Networking Models

Attribute	Peer-to-Peer Network	Client/Server Network
Size	Restricted to a maximum of 10 computers.	The size of the network is limited only by server size and network hardware, and it can have thousands of connected systems.
Administration	Each individual is responsible for the administration of his or her own system. A administrator is not needed.	A skilled network administrator is often required to maintain and manage the network.
Security	Each individual is responsible for maintaining security for shared files or resources connected to the system.	Security is managed from a central location but often requires a skilled administrator to cSorrectly configure.
Cost	Minimal startup and implementation cost.	Requires dedicated equipment and specialized hardware and administration, increasing the cost of the network.
Implementation	Easy to configure and set up.	Often requires complex setup procedures and skilled staff to set up.

The role of the client computer in the client/server model is to request the data from the server and present that data to the users.