List of Exhibits

Chapter 2: The Conduct of Scientific Investigations

Exhibit 1: The Experimental Paradigm

Chapter 4: Validation of Software Measures

Exhibit 1: Hypothetical Function Point Scores

Exhibit 2: Computation of the Reliability of Ratings

Chapter 5: Static Software Measurement

Exhibit 1: Nonexecutable Statements

Exhibit 2: Unique Operator—Operand Counts

Exhibit 3: Prime Flowgraphs

Exhibit 4: Sample Program Decomposition

Exhibit 5: Reduction of the Flowgraph

Exhibit 6: Enumeration of Flowgraph Metrics

Exhibit 7: Enumeration of Flowgraph Metrics

Exhibit 8: Enumeration of Flowgraph Path Metrics

Exhibit 9: An Example of the Cycle in a Flowgraph

Exhibit 10: The Array Structure

Exhibit 11: Sample struct Definition

Exhibit 12: Sample Fan-Out

Exhibit 13: RCS Header Information

Exhibit 14: RCS Text Information

Chapter 6: Derived Software Measures

Exhibit 1: Sources of Variation

Exhibit 2: Common Variation

Exhibit 3: Metric Statistics for PASS

Exhibit 4: Correlation Coefficients for PASS Metrics

Exhibit 5: Principal Components of PASS Metrics

Exhibit 6: Plot of Eigenvalues

Exhibit 7: Two Orthogonal Metric Domains

Exhibit 8: PCA of the 12 PASS Metrics

Exhibit 9: An Analysis of Cyclomatic Complexity

Exhibit 10: Halstead Vocabulary and Program Length

Exhibit 11: PCA with the DS Metric

Exhibit 12: PCA with Process Communication Metrics

Exhibit 13: Raw Metric Values for 20 PASS Modules

Exhibit 14: z-Scores for Raw Metric Values

Exhibit 15: Transformation Matrix for z-Scores

Exhibit 16: Domain Scores for the PASS Data

Exhibit 17: Sorted Domain Scores for the PASS Data

Exhibit 18: FI Values for the 20 PASS Metrics

Chapter 7: Modeling with Metrics

Exhibit 1: The Relationship between Mnamana and Faults

Exhibit 2: Measurements on Hypothetical Systems

Exhibit 3: Epsilon Neighborhood about the Centroid

Exhibit 4: Plot of LOC and Faults for Hypothetical Data

Exhibit 5: Measurements on Hypothetical Systems

Exhibit 6: Slope Calculation Data

Exhibit 7: Residual Analysis of the Two Models

Exhibit 8: The Regression ANOVA

Exhibit 9: Regression ANOVA for Sample Data

Exhibit 10: Sample Data from Four Experiments

Exhibit 11: Regression ANOVA for Four Experiments

Exhibit 12: Residual Values and Independent Variable

Exhibit 13: Residual Values for Case 1

Exhibit 14: Residual Values for Case 2

Exhibit 15: Residual Values for Case 3

Exhibit 16: Residual Values for Case 4

Exhibit 17: ANOVA for Multiple Regression

Exhibit 18: Regression Models for the 13 Dependent Variables

Exhibit 19: Regression ANOVAs for 13 Models

Exhibit 20: Regression Model Performance

Exhibit 21: The Original and Predicted MSE Values

Exhibit 22: Sample Data by Developer

Exhibit 23: Regression Model with Dummy Variate

Exhibit 24: Regression ANOVA for Two Models

Exhibit 25: Regression Equation for Domain Scores

Exhibit 26: Regression ANOVA for Domain Scores

Exhibit 27: Comparison of Domain Score Model with Raw Score Models

Exhibit 28: Correlation Coefficients of Quality Metrics with Complexity Metrics

Exhibit 29: Correlation Coefficients of Quality Metrics

Exhibit 30: Canonical Correlation Analysis

Exhibit 31: Canonical Structure of Code and Quality Metrics

Chapter 8: Measuring Software Evolution

Exhibit 1: Build Comparisons

Exhibit 2: Hypothetical Build Example

Exhibit 3: Spider Chart for PASS

Exhibit 4: Hypothetical Software System

Exhibit 5: z-Scores for the Hypothetical System

Exhibit 6: The Principal Components of the Hypothetical System

Exhibit 7: Revised PCA

Exhibit 8: Transformation Matrix

Exhibit 9: Factor Scores

Exhibit 10: The Fault Index

Exhibit 11: Optimal Resource Allocation

Exhibit 12: Build 2 Raw Metric Data

Exhibit 13: z-Scores for Build 2 Scaled by Build 1 Baseline

Exhibit 14: A Comparison of Build 2 to Build 1

Exhibit 15: FI Build Deltas

Exhibit 16: The PASS Baseline Transformation Matrix

Exhibit 17: Average FI across Sequential Builds

Exhibit 18: Deltas in FI across Sequential Builds

Exhibit 19: Baselined Domain Metrics Across Builds

Exhibit 20: Deltas in Domain Metrics across Builds

Exhibit 21: Software Metric Definitions

Exhibit 22: Principal Components of Software Metrics

Exhibit 23: Baseline Transformation Data for the Cassini Data

Exhibit 24: Code Churn and Code Deltas across all Builds

Exhibit 25: FI across all Builds

Exhibit 26: Regression Analysis of Variance

Exhibit 27: Regression Model

Exhibit 28: Regression Statistics

Chapter 9: Software Specification and Design

Exhibit 1: Operations for Hypothetical Software

Exhibit 2: Hypothetical Decimal Machine

Exhibit 3: Functionalities from Hypothetical Software

Exhibit 4: Elements of Module Specification

Exhibit 5: Example of the IMPLEMENTS Relation

Exhibit 6: Example of the p'Relation

Exhibit 7: Example of the ASSIGNS Relation

Exhibit 8: Example of the p Relation

Exhibit 9: Module Classification

Exhibit 10: Modules Associated with Functionalities

Exhibit 11: Modules Associated with Operations

Exhibit 12: System Operational Overview

Exhibit 13: System Operational Metaphor

Exhibit 14: System Nonoperational Requirements

Exhibit 15: System Operation Specification

Exhibit 16: System Functional Overview

Exhibit 17: System Functional Metaphor

Exhibit 18: System Non-Functional Requirements

Exhibit 19: System Functional Specification

Exhibit 20: Mapping of Operations to Code Modules

Exhibit 21: Maintainability Attributes

Chapter 10: Dynamic Software Measurement

Exhibit 1: Function Module Return Same 4-Byte Integer

Exhibit 2: Code Executed

Chapter 11: The Measurement of Software Testing Activity

Exhibit 1: Test Summary by Task

Exhibit 2: Actual versus Best Test Profile Activity

Exhibit 3: Individual Test Summaries

Exhibit 4: Test Results for Test 1

Exhibit 5: Test Results for Test 2

Exhibit 6: Test Results Summary for Tests 1 through 5

Exhibit 7: Metrics and Their Definitions

Exhibit 8: FI Values for XC Modules

Exhibit 9: C Code Segment 1

Exhibit 10: C Code Segment 2

Exhibit 11: C Code Segment 3

Exhibit 12: Functionalities of XC

Exhibit 13: Functional Module Subsets of XC

Exhibit 14: Test Suites for the XC Program Functionalities

Exhibit 15: Functional Complexity for Test 1

Exhibit 16: Fractional Complexities of Modules on Test Suites

Exhibit 17: Fractional Complexities of Modules on Test Suites

Exhibit 18: Fractional and Operational Complexity for Test 1

Exhibit 19: Four Measures of Test Activity

Chapter 12: Software Availability

Exhibit 1: Mapping of Operations to Functionalities

Exhibit 2: Mapping of Functionalities to Modules

Exhibit 3: Distribution of Functionalities by Operation

Exhibit 4: Conditional Probabilities of Functionality Execution by Operation

Exhibit 5: Distribution of Module Activity by Functionality

Exhibit 6: Conditional Probabilities of Module Execution by Functionality

Exhibit 7: Conditional Probabilities of Module Execution by Operation

Exhibit 8: Hypothetical Module Executions

Exhibit 9: Module Failure Probabilities

Exhibit 10: Four Sample Operational Profiles

Exhibit 11: Distribution of Module Activity under Four Operational Profiles

Exhibit 12: Distribution of Module Activity under Four Operational Profiles

Chapter 13: Implementing a Software Measurement Plan

Exhibit 1: Misuse of Measurement Data

Exhibit 2: Module Version Data

Exhibit 3: Build List

Exhibit 4: Baseline Data

Exhibit 5: Test Execution Data

Exhibit 6: Functional Test Case Specification

Exhibit 7: Operational Test Case Specification

Exhibit 8: The Program Trouble Report

Exhibit 9: The Change Report

Exhibit 10: Generic Database for Darwin

Appendix 1: Review of Mathematical Fundamentals

Exhibit 1: Distribution Concentrated near the Mean

Exhibit 2: Distribution Less Centrally Located

Exhibit 3: Mass not Symmetrically Distributed about the Mean

Exhibit 4: Bimodal Distribution

Appendix 2: A Standard for the Measurement of C Programming Language Attributes

Exhibit 1: Examples with Executable Statements

Exhibit 2: Examples with Nonexecutable Statements

Exhibit 3: Examples with Operators

Exhibit 4: Examples with Unique Operators

Exhibit 5: Example with Overloaded and Unique Operators

Exhibit 6: Examples with Considerations

Exhibit 7: Total Number of Operands

Exhibit 8: C Language and Basic Control Structures