| # Execute multiple commands on one line $ pwd ; ls tmp ; print "Hello world" # Run the find command in the background $ find . name tmp.out print & # Connect the output of who to grep $ who | grep fred # Talk to fred if he is logged on $ {who | grep fred ;} && talk fred # Send ls output to ls.out, even if noclobber is set $ ls >| ls.out # Append output of ls to ls.out $ ls >> ls.out # Send invite.txt to dick, jane, and spot $ mail dick jane spot < invite.txt # List file names that begin with z $ ls z* # List two, three, and four character file names $ ls ?? ??? ???? # List file names that begin with a, b, or c $ ls [a-c]* # List file names that do not end with.c $ ls *[!.c] # List file names that contain any number of consecutive x's $ ls *(x) # List file names that contain only numbers $ ls +([0-9]) # List file names that do not end in.c,.Z, or .o $ ls !(*.c|*.Z|*.o) # Set NU to the number of users that are logged on $ NU=$(who | wc l) # Set HOSTS to the contents of the /etc/hosts file $ HOSTS=$(</etc/hosts) # Set TOTAL to the sum of 4 + 3 $ TOTAL=$((4+3)) # Change directory to jane's home directory $ cd ~jane # Set the right-justify attribute on variable SUM and set it to 70 $ typeset R SUM=70 # Set and export the variable LBIN $ typeset x LBIN=/usr/lbin # Set the field width of SUM to 5 $ typeset R5 SUM # Remove the lowercase attribute from MSYS $ typeset +l MSYS # Unset variable LBIN $ unset LBIN # Display the length of variable FNAME $ print ${#FNAME} # Set SYS to the hostname if not set, then display its value $ print ${SYS:=$(hostname)} # Display an error message if XBIN is not set $ : ${XBIN:?} # Display the base directory in LBIN $ print ${LBIN##*/} # Set array variable MONTHS to the first four month names $ set A MONTHS jan feb mar apr # Display element 3 of the XBUF array variable $ print ${XBUF[3]} # Display the length of the TMP array element 2 $ print ${#TMP[2]} # Display $HOME set to /home/anatole $ print '$HOME set to' $HOME # Display the value of $ENV $ print $ENV # Display the last five commands from the history file $ history ? # Retrieve last print command in vi edit mode $ set o vi; <ESCAPE>/^print<RETURN> # Bring background job 3 into the foreground $ fg %3 # Display all information about current jobs $ jobs l # Terminate job 5 $ kill %5 # Increment variable X $ integer X; ((X+=1)) # Set variable X to 5 in base 2 $ typeset i2 X=5 # Set variable X to 20 modulo 5 $ ((X=20%5)) # Set Y to 5*4 if X equals 3 $ ((X==3 && (Y=5*4))) # Terminate the Korn shell if no input given in 30 minutes $ TMOUT=1800 # Automatically export variables when defined $ set o allexport # Set diagnostic mode $ set x # Create an alias for the ls command $ alias l='ls FAc | ${PAGER:?bin/pg}' # Create a tracked alias for the cp -r command $ alias t "cp r" # Put the command number and current directory in the prompt $ typeset x PS1="!:$PWD> " # Check if variable X is set to a number $ [[$X=+([0-9])]] && print "$X is num" # Check if X is set to null $ [[ z $X]] && print "X set to null" # Check if FILE1 is newer than FILE2 $ [[ $FILE1 nt $FILE2 ]] # Check if VAR is set to ABC $ [[ $VAR = ABC ]] # Check if the bgnice option is set $ [[ o bgnice]] && print "bgnice set" # Check if TMP is a readable directory $ [[ d $TMP && x $TMP ]] # Check the number of arguments $(($#==0)) && {print "Need arg"; exit 1;} # Display an error message, then beep $ print "Unexpected error!\a" # Display a message on standard error $ print u2 "This is going to stderr" # Write a message to the command history file $ print s "su attempted on $(date)" # Take standard input from FILE $ exec 0<FILE # Open file descriptor 5 for reading and writing $ exec <> 5 # Display a prompt and read the reply into ANSWER $ read ANSWER?"Enter response: " # Create a function md that creates a directory and cd's to it $ function md {mkdir $1 && cd $1 ; pwd} # Set a trap to ignore signals 2 and 3 $ trap "" 2 3 # Run dbtest in noexec mode $ ksh n dbtest # Set a trap to execute pwd after each command $ trap "pwd" DEBUG # Set X to 1 and make it readonly $ readonly X=1 # Set VAR to 1 and export it $ export VAR=1 # Set the positional parametersto A B C $ set A B C # Set the file size creation limit to 1000 blocks $ ulimit 1000 # Disable core dumps $ ulimit c 0 # Add group write permission to the file creation mask $ umask 013 # Return information about the true command $ whence v true | 
