Endnotes

1. Carol Loomis, "Lies, Damned Lies, and Managed Earnings," Fortune , August 2, 1999, pp. 74 “92.

2. Jon Birger, "Glowing Numbers," Money , November 2000, pp. 112 “122.

3. Thomas Donlan, "Cisco's Bids," Barron's , May 8, 2000, pp. 31 “34, www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/cak/bizback.pdf.

4. U.S. Trust Survey of Affluent Americans; a random sample of 150 affluent Americans was surveyed through a telephone interview, June 2002.

5. CBS News Poll, "The Ethics of Business," July 8 “9, 2002.

6. Amy Baldwin, "Investors Cling to Bond Funds," Associated Press , September 14, 2002.

7. Stanley Fischer and Robert Merton, "Macroeconomics and Finance: The Role of the Stock Market," Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 21 (1984): 57 “108; Olivier Blanchard, Changyong Rhee, and Lawrence Summers, "The Stock Market, Profit, and Investment," Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (1993): 115 “136.

8. Malcolm Baker, Jeremy Stein, and Jeffrey Wurgler, "When Does the Market Matter? Stock Prices and the Investment of Equity-Dependent Firms," Harvard University working paper, December 2001.

9. Rich Miller, "What's Crippling Capital Spending?" BusinessWeek , June 24, 2002, p. 44.