Six Sigma and Beyond: Statistics and Probability, Volume III
Six Sigma and Beyond: Statistics and Probability, Volume III
ISBN: 1574443127
EAN: 2147483647
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 252
Pages: 252
Authors: D. H. Stamatis
- Table of Contents
- BackCover
- Six Sigma and Beyond - Statistics and Probability, Volume III
- Preface
- Part I: Essential Concepts of Statistics
- Introduction
- DESCRIBING DATA
- TESTING HYPOTHESES
- DESCRIBING RELATIONSHIPS
- ASKING A QUESTION
- WHAT INFORMATION DO YOU NEED?
- DEFINING A POPULATION
- DESIGNING A STUDY
- SAMPLING
- RANDOM SAMPLES
- VOLUNTEERS
- USING SURVEYS
- ANALYZING AN EXISTING SURVEY
- DESIGNING EXPERIMENTS
- RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
- BLIND EXPERIMENTS
- CONTROL GROUPS
- HOW SHOULD YOU PROCEED IF YOU WANT TO EXPLORE AN IDEA?
- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Chapter 1: Designing and using Forms for Studies
- CODING THE DATA
- TIPS ON FORM DESIGN
- COLLECTING THE DATA
- WHAT COMES NEXT?
- MODIFYING THE DATA
- ANALYZING THE DATA
- PRINTING THE RESULTS
- MISSING DATA
- Chapter 2: Counting Frequencies
- INTERPRETING A FREQUENCY TABLE
- VALID PERCENTAGES
- BAR CHARTS
- CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES
- LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
- NOMINAL, ORDINAL, INTERVAL, AND RATIO
- Chapter 3: Summarizing Data
- HOW MUCH DO THE VALUES DIFFER?
- Chapter 4: Working with the Normal Distribution
- AREAS IN THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
- STANDARD SCORES
- A SAMPLE FROM THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
- DISTRIBUTIONS THAT ARE NOT NORMAL
- MORE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEANS
- MORE ABOUT MEANS OF MEANS
- THE STANDARD ERROR OF THE MEAN
- CALCULATING A CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
- MORE SATISFIED THAN AVERAGE?
- Chapter 5: Testing Hypotheses About Two Independent Means
- IS THE DIFFERENCE REAL?
- EVALUATING A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
- WHY THE ENTIRE AREA?
- DRAWING A CONCLUSION
- MORE ON HYPOTHESIS TESTING
- WHY IS THAT SO COMPLICATED?
- Chapter 6: Testing Hypotheses About Two Dependent Means
- USING THE T DISTRIBUTION
- TWO TYPES OF ERRORS
- INTERPRETING A T TEST
- AN ANALOGY: COIN FLIPS
- OBSERVED SIGNIFICANCE LEVELS
- TAILS AND SIGNIFICANCE TESTS
- THE HYPOTHESIS-TESTING PROCESS
- ASSUMPTIONS NEEDED
- PAIRED EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
- SIGNIFICANCE VS. IMPORTANCE
- Chapter 7: Comparing Several Means
- ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
- NECESSARY ASSUMPTIONS
- WITHIN-GROUPS VARIABILITY
- BETWEEN-GROUPS VARIABILITY
- CALCULATING THE F RATIO
- MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROCEDURES
- INTERACTIONS
- ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 8: Measuring Association
- THE STRENGTH OF A RELATIONSHIP
- WHY NOT CHI-SQUARE?
- MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION
- MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION FOR VARIABLES
- TESTING HYPOTHESES
- ABOUT STATISTICS FOR CROSSTABS
- PLOTTING
- COVARIANCE
- CORRELATION
- REFERENCE
- Chapter 9: Calculating Regression Lines
- CHOOSING THE BEST LINE
- THE EQUATION OF A LINE
- PREDICTING VALUES FROM THE REGRESSION LINE
- CHOOSING THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- CORRELATING PREDICTED AND OBSERVED VALUES
- THE POPULATION REGRESSION LINE
- SOME HYPOTHESES OF INTEREST
- ARE THE POPULATION VALUES ZERO?
- CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS
- GOODNESS OF FIT OF THE MODEL
- MULTIPLE REGRESSION
- RESIDUALS
- JUDGING THE SIZE OF THE RESIDUALS
- LOOKING FOR OUTLIERS
- CHECKING ASSUMPTIONS WITH RESIDUALS
- MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
- SELECTING INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
- DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
- LOG-LINEAR MODELS
- FACTOR ANALYSIS
- CLUSTER ANALYSIS
- TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT MANY MEANS
- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Chapter 10: Common Miscellaneous Statistical Tests
- REMARKS ON THE BINOMIAL TEST
- CHI-SQUARE (I) TEST
- CHI-SQUARE (II) TEST
- A WORD OF CAUTION ON 2
- McNEMAR TEST
- COCHRAN Q TEST
- KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV TEST
- USE OF THE MANN-WHITNEY U TEST
- COMMENT ABOUT THE MANN-WHITNEY U
- SIGN TEST
- COMMENTS ABOUT THE SIGN TEST
- WILCOXON SIGNED-RANKS TEST
- SAMPLE SIZES LARGER THAN 25
- KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST
- THE EFFECT OF TIES
- FRIEDMAN TEST
- TEST
- COMMENTS ABOUT THE DISTRIBUTION
- TEST (II)
- IMPORTANCE OF REQUIREMENTS THREE AND FOUR
- TEST (III)
- SCHEFFE S TEST
- CORRELATION
- PEARSON PRODUCT-MOMENT COEFFICIENT
- WHAT IS THE PEARSON r?
- SPEARMAN RANK COEFFICIENT (RHO)
- COEFFICIENT OF CONTINGENCY
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 11: Advanced Topics in Statistics
- MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION
- A NOTE ON MULTIPLE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
- MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (MANOVA)
- WHAT IS FACTOR ANALYSIS?
- MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
- WHAT IS MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE?
- WHAT IS CONJOINT ANALYSIS?
- WHAT IS CANONICAL CORRELATION?
- WHAT IS CLUSTER ANALYSIS?
- WHAT IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING?
- WHAT IS STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING?
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 12: Time Series and Forecasting
- ECONOMETRIC MODELS
- A FINAL COMMENT ON COMBINING FORECASTS
- REFERENCES
- Part II: Essential Concepts of Probability
- Chapter 13: Functions of Real and Random Variables
- STATISTICAL MATHEMATICS
- SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO REAL VARIABLES: X1 AND X2
- SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO RANDOM VARIABLES: X1 AND X2
- RANK AND STACK OBSERVED DATA
- OTHER MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCIES
- SUMMARY OF VARIOUS DATA PRESENTATIONS
- PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION (PDF)
- MEAN OF FREQUENCY GROUPED DATA
- MEAN OF PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION
- FORMULAS FOR MEAN OR AVERAGE
- CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY FUNCTION
- CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION (CDF)
- PROBABILITY OF EXCEEDING THRESHOLD
- DEVIATIONS OF DATA ABOUT MEAN
- MEASURES OF DISPERSION
- PROBABILITY DENSITY AND EXPECTED VALUES
- Chapter 14: Set Theory
- SUBSETS OF ELEMENTS OF UNIVERSAL SET
- OR SET OF OPERATION: UNION OF TWO SUBSETS
- AND SET OF OPERATION: INTERSECTION OF TWO SUBSETS
- COMPLEMENTARY SET, A (OTHER NOTATION: , A )
- DE MORGAN S LAWS OF COMPLEMENTS
- DISJOINT SETS (MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS)
- SAMPLE SPACE: S
- PROBABILITY CONCEPTS
- REFERENCE
- Chapter 15: Permutations and Combinations
- PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
- Chapter 16: Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
- SAMPLES ASSIGNED THE SAME RANDOM VARIABLE
- RANDOM VARIABLES GROUPED INTO CELLS
- DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
- DISCRETE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
- MEAN OR EXPECTED VALUE
- CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES
- STANDARDIZED RANDOM VARIABLE
- TYPICAL UNSTANDARDIZED FORM OF TABULATED CDF
- PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
- UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
- NORMAL DISTRIBUTION - OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE BELL CURVE
- NORMAL APPROXIMATION OF BINOMIAL
- CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM (CLT) - MEAN OF MEANS IS NORMAL (FIGURE 16.28)
- NORMALIZED TRANSFORMS
- DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
- POISSON DISTRIBUTION: LIMIT OF BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION FOR RARE OCCURRENCE
- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Part III: Appendices
- Appendix A: Matrix Algebra: An Introduction
- MATRIX OPERATIONS
- REFERENCES
- Appendix B: The Simplex Method in Two Dimensions
- Appendix C: Bernoulli Trials
- Appendix D: Markov Chains
- Appendix E: Optimization
- Appendix F: Randomized Strategies
- Appendix G: Lagrange Multipliers
- COMMENT
- Appendix H: Monte Carlo Simulation
- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Appendix I: Statistical Reporting Content
- EXAMPLE OF A TYPICAL STATISTICAL REPORT FORMAT
- Selected Bibliography
- Index
- Index_B
- Index_C
- Index_D
- Index_E
- Index_F
- Index_G
- Index_H
- Index_I
- Index_J
- Index_K
- Index_L
- Index_M
- Index_N
- Index_O
- Index_P
- Index_Q
- Index_R
- Index_S
- Index_T
- Index_U
- Index_V
- Index_W
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- List of Examples
Six Sigma and Beyond: Statistics and Probability, Volume III
ISBN: 1574443127
EAN: 2147483647
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 252
Pages: 252
Authors: D. H. Stamatis