Six Sigma and Beyond - Statistics and Probability, Volume III

D. H. Stamatis

ST. LUCIE PRESS A CRC Press Company

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

 Stamatis, D. H., 1947-    Six sigma and beyond: statistics and probability, volume III           p.  cm.  (Six Sigma and beyond series)    Includes bibliographical references and index. 

ISBN 1-57444-3127

1. Quality control ”Statistical methods . 2. Production management ”Statistical methods. 3. Industrial management. I. Title. II. Series.

TS156.S73 2001

658.5'62 ”dc21 2001041635

CIP

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To Stephen

About the Author

D. H. Stamatis, Ph.D., ASQC-Fellow, CQE, CMfgE, is currently president of Contemporary Consultants, in Southgate, Michigan. He received his B.S. and B.A. degrees in marketing from Wayne State University, his Master's degree from Central Michigan University, and his Ph.D. degree in instructional technology and business/statistics from Wayne State University.

Dr. Stamatis is a certified quality engineer for the American Society of Quality Control, a certified manufacturing engineer for the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, and a graduate of BSIIs ISO 9000 lead assessor training program.

He is a specialist in management consulting, organizational development, and quality science and has taught these subjects at Central Michigan University, the University of Michigan, and Florida Institute of Technology.

With more than 30 years of experience in management, quality training, and consulting, Dr. Stamatis has served and consulted for numerous industries in the private and public sectors. His consulting extends across the United States, Southeast Asia, Japan, China, India, and Europe. Dr. Stamatis has written more than 60 articles and presented many speeches at national and international conferences on quality. He is a contributing author in several books and the sole author of 12 books. In addition, he has performed more than 100 automotive- related audits and 25 preassessment ISO 9000 audits , and has helped several companies attain certification. He is an active member of the Detroit Engineering Society, the American Society for Training and Development, the American Marketing Association, and the American Research Association, and a fellow of the American Society for Quality Control.

Acknowledgments

In a typical book, the author begins by thanking several individuals who have helped to complete it. In this mammoth work, so many people have helped that I am concerned that I may forget someone.

The writing of a book is a collective undertaking by many people. To write a book that conveys hundreds of thoughts, principles, and ways of doing things is truly a Herculean task for one individual. Since I am definitely not a Hercules or a Superman, I have depended on many people over the years to guide me and help me formulate my thoughts and opinions about many things, including this work. To thank everyone by name who has contributed to this work would be impossible , although I am indebted to all of them for their contributions. However, some organizations and individuals do stand beyond the rest, and without them, this series would not be possible.

Special thanks go to Dr. A. Stuart for granting me permission to use and adopt much of the discussion on discrete random variables, continuous RVs, uniform and beta distributions, functions of random variables (tolerances), exponential distribution and reliability, and hypothesis testing and OC curves in Part II of this volume. The work was adapted from the notes of Statistics and Probability for Engineers used as training material at Ford Motor Company.

Special thanks also go to Duxburry Press for granting me permission to use the material on Holt's Model for trend and Winters' Model for seasonality and econometric models. The work is based on Managerial Statistics by S.C. Albright, W.L. Winston, C.J. Zappe and P. Kolesar, published in 2001.

In addition, special thanks go to Prentice Hall for granting me permission to use the material on the summary of differences between MANOVA and discriminant analysis, what is conjoint analysis, uses of conjoint analysis, what is canonical correlation, and what is cluster analysis. The work is based on Multivariate Data Analysis , 5th ed., by J.F. Hair, R.E. Anderson, R.L. Tathan, and W.C. Black, published in 1998.

I would like to thank my colleagues Dr. R. Rosa, H. Jamal, Dr. A. Crocker, and Dr. D. Demis, as well as J. Stewart and R. Start, for their countless hours of discussions in formulating the content of these volumes in their final format.

In addition, I want to thank J. Malicki, C. Robinson, and S. Stamatis for their computer work in preparing some of the earlier drafts and final figures in the text.

I would like to thank as always my personal inspiration, bouncing board, navigator and editor, Carla, for her continually enthusiastic attitude during my most trying times. Especially for this work she has demonstrated extraordinary patience, encouragement, and understanding in putting up with me.

Special thanks go to the editors of the series for their suggestions and improvements of both the text and its presentation in the final format.

Finally, my greatest appreciation is reserved for my seminar participants and the students of Central Michigan University who, through their input, concerns, and discussions, have helped me to formulate these volumes. Without their active participation and comments, these volumes would never have been finished. I really appreciate their effort.