A and C. MOD is an operator, and LCase() is a function.
A2:
B. The order of evaluation dictates that the URL appears before the others.
A3:
D. Although all are legal, the best use of #s, or in this case lack of #s, is shown in D.
A4:
A. <cfparam> can be used to check for the presence of variables and to verify that they are of the correct type, but <cfparam> supports a finite site of types. <cfif> provides far more flexibility in that in can do all that <cfparam> can do, and much more too. (Although you'll have to write more code to get the job done).
A5:
C. <cfdump> accepts an expression, not a variable name. The output would have been A if VAR="#name#"; without the #s the output will be the string name. So, C is correct (although it'll probably not be what you want).