R

\r escape, in regular expressions, 468

race condition, 355, 369

random number generation, 207–208

rank (number of dimensions) of an array, 216, 219

Read method, Stream class, 257–258

ReadByte method, Stream class, 257

readers, 255–256

reader-writer locks, 374–378

ReaderWriterLock class, 374–378

ReadLine method, strings, 266

read-only collections, 243

read-only fields, 27–28

readonly keyword, C#, 27

readonly. prefix, IL, 574

ReadOnlyCollection<T> class, 243

ReadT methods, binary data, 269–270

ReadToEnd method, strings, 266

Receive method, sockets, 284, 287

rectangular arrays, 217–218

recursion, tail calls for, 94–95

ref keyword, C#, 33, 35

refanytype instruction, IL, 559

refanyval instruction, IL, 559

reference types (classes). See also objects

abstract classes, 51–52, 56–57

allocating and initializing, 92–93

compared to value types, 18

concrete classes, 51

creating, 19

definition of, 16, 18–19

weak references, 204–205

when to use, 18–19

ReferenceEquals method, Object type, 176

reflection

activation, 496

anonymous methods, 527–529

APIs for, list of, 496–497

binding, 497

books about, 532

caching bindings, 513–514

custom attributes (CAs), 496, 514–519

definition of, 14, 495–496

delegates, 496

handles, 496, 511–514

info APIs, 496

permission for, 337

tokens, 496, 511–514

reflection-emit assemblies, 160, 529–532

reflection-only assembly, 499

ReflectionPermission class, 337

regional formatting, 307–309

register-based machines, 85–86

registry, permission to access, 337

RegistryPermission class, 337

regular expressions. See also meta-characters, in regular expressions

alternations, 474–475

backreferencing in, 478

books about, 493

Capture class, 489–490

character classes in, 470–473

commenting, 474

compiled expressions, 490–493

conditionals in, 475

custom character classes in, 465

definition of, 463

examples of, 465–467, 480–481

expression syntax, 464

greediness and, 479–481

Group class, 489–490

grouping, 477–479

literals in, 464, 468–469

Match class, 488–489

positional matching, 464, 475–477

quantifiers in, 464, 470, 481

Regex class, 482–488

wildcards in, 464

Relative Virtual Address (RVA) statics, 19

reliability contracts, 420–421

reliability, version 2.0 improvements for, 7

rem instruction, IL, 91, 560

Remove method

StringBuilder class, 202

strings, 189

RemoveMemoryPressure method, GC class, 203–204

rendezvousing, 386

Replace method

Regex class, 485–487, 488

StringBuilder class, 202

strings, 189

ResGen.exe tool, 315–317

resource management

garbage collection and, 416–417

interoperability and, 410–416

resource manager (RM), 533–534, 546

Resource Manifests, assembly metadata, 136

.resources files, 315–316

resources for cultural preferences

accessing, 318–319

binary resources, 316–317

books about, 325

creating, 315–317

definition of, 302, 315

packaging and deploying, 317–318

strongly typed resources, 318–319

text resources, 315–316

using, 307

weakly typed resources, 319

resources in assembly, 143–144

resources (information). See publications

resurrection, 124

.resx files, 316–317

ret instruction, IL, 560

rethrow instruction, IL, 105, 567

return parameter of method, 30

Reverse method

arrays, 225

lists, 237

reversing arrays, 225

reversing lists, 237

RFC 2279, 320

RM (resource manager), 533–534, 546

Running state, Thread object, 358, 361

runtime constraints, 77–78

runtime type checking, 58

RuntimeWrappedException exception, 210

RVA (Relative Virtual Address) statics, 19