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Each time you create a .NET web service, Visual Studio .NET creates a special file named Web.config that you can use to configure key application settings. The following statements illustrate the file’s default contents:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.web> <!-- DYNAMIC DEBUG COMPILATION Set compilation debug="true" to insert debugging symbols (.pdb information) into the compiled page. Because this creates a larger file that executes more slowly, you should set this value to true only when debugging and to false at all other times. For more information, refer to the documentation about debugging ASP.NET files. --> <compilation defaultLanguage="vb" debug="true" /> <!-- CUSTOM ERROR MESSAGES Set customErrors mode="On" or "RemoteOnly" to enable custom error messages, "Off" to disable. Add <error> tags for each of the errors you want to handle. --> <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" /> <!-- AUTHENTICATION This section sets the authentication policies of the application. Possible modes are "Windows", "Forms", "Passport" and "None" --> <authentication mode="Windows" /> <!-- AUTHORIZATION This section sets the authorization policies of the application. You can allow or deny access to application resources by user or role. Wildcards: "*" mean everyone, "?" means anonymous (unauthenticated) users. --> <authorization> <allow users="*" /> <!-- Allow all users --> <!-- <allow users="[comma separated list of users]" roles="[comma separated list of roles]"/> <deny users="[comma separated list of users]" roles="[comma separated list of roles]"/> --> </authorization> <!-- APPLICATION-LEVEL TRACE LOGGING Application-level tracing enables trace log output for every page within an application. Set trace enabled="true" to enable application trace logging. If pageOutput="true", the trace information will be displayed at the bottom of each page. Otherwise, you can view the application trace log by browsing the "trace.axd" page from your web application root. --> <trace enabled="false" requestLimit="10" pageOutput="false" ÄtraceMode="SortByTime" localOnly="true" /> <!-- SESSION STATE SETTINGS By default ASP.NET uses cookies to identify which requests belong to a particular session. If cookies are not available, a session can be tracked by adding a session identifier to the URL. To disable cookies, set sessionState cookieless="true". --> <sessionState mode="InProc" stateConnectionString="tcpip=127.0.0.1:42424" sqlConnectionString="data source=127.0.0.1;user id=sa;password=" cookieless="false" timeout="20" /> <!-- GLOBALIZATION This section sets the globalization settings. --> <globalization requestEncoding="utf-8" responseEncoding="utf-8" /> </system.web>
Within the Web.config file, the <authentication> and <authorization> fields let you control access to a web service. The following <authentication> statement, for example, specifies that the program is using Forms authentication:
<authentication mode="Forms" loginurl="/login.aspx" />
In a similar way, the following <authorization> entry allows access only to users named “Gates”:
<authorization> <allow users="Gates"/> </authorization>
Using the <authorization> entry, you can use the question mark (?) that .NET relates to anonymous users. The following entry, for example, would deny access to anonymous users:
<authorization> <deny users="?"/> </authorization>
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