List of Listings

Chapter 2: Delphi and C++ Language Basics

Listing 2-1: Console application

Listing 2-2: Basic text output

Listing 2-3: The updated console application

Listing 2-4: Displaying several lines of text

Listing 2-5: Exception to the semicolon rule

Listing 2-6: Write and WriteLn text output

Listing 2-7: Displaying an empty line

Listing 2-8: Variable declarations

Listing 2-9: Simple assignment statements

Listing 2-10: Real and integer division

Listing 2-11: The mod operator

Listing 2-12: The unary plus operator

Listing 2-13: Arithmetic operator precedence

Listing 2-14: Reading values with ReadLn

Listing 2-15: Working with user data

Listing 2-16: A shorter version of the total cost application

Listing 2-17: Delphi console application with the C++Builder icon

Listing 2-18: The source code of a C console application

Listing 2-19: Basic text output with the printf statement

Listing 2-20: Using the getch() function to pause application execution

Listing 2-21: A simple C++ console application

Listing 2-22: Displaying several lines of text with cout

Listing 2-23: Declaring variables in C++

Listing 2-24: Declaring variables in C++, revisited

Listing 2-25: Initializing variables in C++

Listing 2-26: Using compound operators

Listing 2-27: Working with user data

Chapter 3: Conditions

Listing 3-1: A simple if-then statement

Listing 3-2: Two if-then statements

Listing 3-3: The if-then-else statement

Listing 3-4: A nested if-then statement

Listing 3-5: Multiple if-then statement

Listing 3-6: Using the Boolean not operator

Listing 3-7: Using the Boolean and operator

Listing 3-8: Using the Boolean or operator

Listing 3-9: Using the shr and shl operators

Listing 3-10: A long if-then statement

Listing 3-11: A simple case statement

Listing 3-12: Testing a range of values

Listing 3-13: Testing a list of values

Listing 3-14: The case-else statement

Listing 3-15: Nested case statements

Listing 3-16: A simple if statement

Listing 3-17: A simple if-else statement

Listing 3-18: Nested and multiple if statements in C++

Listing 3-19: The conditional operator

Listing 3-20: Fall-through

Chapter 4: Iterations

Listing 4-1: A simple for loop

Listing 4-2: Char counter

Listing 4-3: Displaying the ASCII character table

Listing 4-4: For loop with typecasting

Listing 4-5: Displaying the multiplication table

Listing 4-6: The for-downto loop

Listing 4-7: The for-in loop

Listing 4-8: A simple while loop

Listing 4-9: A simple repeat-until loop

Listing 4-10: An erroneous repeat-until loop

Listing 4-11: Breaking out of a loop

Listing 4-12: An infinite while loop

Listing 4-13: The Continue procedure

Listing 4-14: The while loop

Listing 4-15: The do-while loop

Listing 4-16: A simple for loop

Listing 4-17: Using compound operators in the for loop

Listing 4-18: A C++ for-downto loop

Listing 4-19: A weird-looking for loop

Listing 4-20: An infinite for loop

Listing 4-21: A pretty unusual for loop

Listing 4-22: Declaring a counter variable in the for loop

Chapter 5: Procedures and Functions

Listing 5-1: Inc and Dec procedures

Listing 5-2: Function calls

Listing 5-3: Our first procedure

Listing 5-4: Calling the Hello procedure

Listing 5-5: Short-circuit evaluation bug

Listing 5-6A: Public constants and variables in a unit

Listing 5-6B: Using public constants and variables

Listing 5-7: Unit initialization

Listing 5-8A: Global variables in the project file

Listing 5-8B: Global variables in a unit

Listing 5-9: Value parameter example

Listing 5-10: Variable parameter example

Listing 5-11: Default parameter example

Listing 5-12: A simple recursive procedure

Listing 5-13: A recursive function

Listing 5-14: Forward declaration

Listing 5-15: Overloaded functions

Listing 5-16: An inlined function

Listing 5-17: Using the RTLVersion constant to determine the compiler

Listing 5-18: A simple procedure

Listing 5-19: A simple function

Listing 5-20: Delphi version of the Max3 function

Listing 5-21: The C++ version of the Max3 function

Listing 5-22: Two more versions of the Max3 function using the conditional

Listing 5-23: Passing by value and by reference

Listing 5-24: Function prototypes

Listing 5-25: Using static local variables

Listing 5-26: Overloaded functions

Listing 5-27A: The my_math.cpp file

Listing 5-27B: The my_math.h file

Listing 5-27C: Including a custom header file

Listing 5-28A: An updated version of the my_math.cpp file

Listing 5-28B: Using an external variable

Chapter 6: Arrays and Strings

Listing 6-1: Array element access

Listing 6-2: Accessing array elements in a loop

Listing 6-3: Low and High functions

Listing 6-4: Using array constants

Listing 6-5: Using strings with the case statement

Listing 6-6: A simple two-dimensional array

Listing 6-7: Creating a dynamic array

Listing 6-8: Working with a dynamic multidimensional array

Listing 6-9: Open array parameters

Listing 6-10: Function with an open array parameter

Listing 6-11: ShortString facts

Listing 6-12: Searching a string with the Pos function

Listing 6-13: Manual character searching

Listing 6-14: Using the Insert procedure

Listing 6-15: Using the Delete procedure

Listing 6-16: Using the Copy function

Listing 6-17: C++ arrays

Listing 6-18: Using the sizeof operator to determine the number of elements in an array

Listing 6-19: Initializing only some of the elements in an array

Listing 6-20: Using a two-dimensional array in C++

Listing 6-21: Initializing a multidimensional array in Delphi

Listing 6-22: Initializing multidimensional arrays in C++

Listing 6-23: Using character arrays

Listing 6-24: Using common string functions

Chapter 7: User-Defined Types

Listing 7-1: Working with sets

Listing 7-2: Using records

Listing 7-3: Using typedef to create data type aliases

Listing 7-4: Using structures

Chapter 8: Basic File I/O

Listing 8-1: Writing text to a text file

Listing 8-2: Reading text from a text file

Listing 8-3: Checking I/O errors

Listing 8-4: Copying a text file

Listing 8-5: Loading a text file into a dynamic array

Listing 8-6: Working with typed files

Listing 8-7: Copying files using BlockRead and BlockWrite

Chapter 9: Pointers

Listing 9-1: Using a simple typed pointer

Listing 9-2: Using an untyped pointer

Listing 9-3: Loading a file into a dynamically allocated memory block

Listing 9-4: Accessing an array through a pointer

Listing 9-5: Accessing the string through a pointer

Listing 9-6: Dynamically creating records

Listing 9-7: Pointer basics

Listing 9-8: Void pointers

Listing 9-9: Accessing array elements through a pointer

Listing 9-10: Accessing structure fields through a pointer

Listing 9-11: Dynamic variables in C++

Chapter 10: Object-Oriented Programming

Listing 10-1: Working with records

Listing 10-2: Accessing records through pointers

Listing 10-3: Using an object

Listing 10-4: The completed class

Listing 10-5: The TAnimal class unit

Listing 10-6: Polymorphic calls

Listing 10-7: Accessing the public fields of the TAnimal class

Listing 10-8: The complete C++ TAnimal class

Listing 10-9: Inline methods

Listing 10-10A: The Animal.h file

Listing 10-10B: The Animal.cpp file

Listing 10-11: Using AnsiStrings

Listing 10-12: Using ofstream and ifstream classes to read and write text to a file

Chapter 11: Designing the User Interface

Listing 11-1: Source code of the main form

Listing 11-2: Reversing a string

Listing 11-3: Displaying parent and owner information

Listing 11-4A: The main form's .cpp file

Listing 11-4B: The main form's .h file

Listing 11-5: Accessing component properties in code

Chapter 12: Using Forms

Listing 12-1: Assigning focus to a control

Listing 12-2: An empty OnMouseDown event handler

Listing 12-3: Saving initial mouse coordinates

Listing 12-4: An empty OnMouseMove event handler

Listing 12-5: Moving the form in the OnMouseMove event

Listing 12-6: Finishing the moving process

Listing 12-7: Using the OnCreate and OnDestroy events

Listing 12-8: Dynamically creating a button

Listing 12-9: A method compatible with the OnClick event

Listing 12-10: Displaying the form

Listing 12-11A: The main project file of a Delphi VCL Forms application

Listing 12-11B: The main project file of a C++Builder VCL Forms application

Listing 12-12: Dynamically creating an empty form

Listing 12-13: Creating a form without an owner

Listing 12-14: Dynamically creating a modal form

Listing 12-15: Creating a modeless form

Listing 12-16: Releasing a modeless form from memory

Listing 12-17A: Creating the form only if it doesn't exist

Listing 12-17B: Creating the form only if it doesn't exist, C++ version

Listing 12-18A: The proper way to destroy a modeless form

Listing 12-18B: The proper way to destroy a modeless form, C++ version

Listing 12-19: Using the custom dialog box

Listing 12-20: Dynamically creating the dialog box

Listing 12-21A: Creating the splash form

Listing 12-21B: Creating the splash form, C++ version

Listing 12-22: Displaying the splash screen

Chapter 13: Delphi and C++ Exception Handling

Listing 13-1A: Catching an exception in Delphi

Listing 13-1B: Catching an exception in C++

Listing 13-2: Dividing two values

Listing 13-3A: Handling specific exceptions

Listing 13-3B: Handling specific exceptions in C++

Listing 13-4A: Reraising exceptions in Delphi

Listing 13-4B: Reraising exceptions in C++

Listing 13-5A: Raising exceptions in Delphi

Listing 13-5B: Raising exceptions in C++

Listing 13-6: Using the exception object

Listing 13-7A: Working with a custom exception

Listing 13-7B: Declaring a custom exception in C++

Listing 13-7C: Working with a custom exception in C++

Listing 13-8A: Dynamically creating a form with resource protection, Delphi version

Listing 13-8B: Dynamically creating a form with resource protection, C++ version

Listing 13-9: Dynamically creating a form with resource protection, revisited

Listing 13-10: Nested blocks

Listing 13-11: Logging unhandled exceptions

Listing 13-12: A custom OnException event handler

Listing 13-13: Assigning the event handler to the OnException event

Chapter 14: Using Components

Listing 14-1: The least sophisticated way of working with a large number of components

Listing 14-2: Searching for a specific component

Listing 14-3A: Using the FindComponent method

Listing 14-3B: Using the FindComponent method in a C++Builder VCL application

Listing 14-4A: Determining the object's class at run time

Listing 14-4B: Determining the object's class in a C++Builder VCL Forms application

Listing 14-5A: Using the is operator to find and update all buttons on a form

Listing 14-5B: Using C++ dynamic casting to find and update all buttons on a form

Listing 14-6: Changing the message box type

Listing 14-7: Using the Sender parameter to identify the component that called the event handler

Listing 14-8A: Using the Tag property to change the message box type, Delphi version

Listing 14-8B: Using the Tag property to change the message box type, C++ version

Listing 14-9: Adding a new item to the list box

Listing 14-10: Copying an entire string list

Listing 14-11: Changing the label's font

Listing 14-12: Moving multiple items from one list box to another

Listing 14-13: Using the BeginUpdate and EndUpdate methods to optimize list box operations

Listing 14-14: Adding unique items to a list box

Listing 14-15: MessageDlg related data types and constants

Listing 14-16: Adding unique items to a list box, revisited

Listing 14-17: Portions of the TStrings and TStringList class declarations

Listing 14-18: Loading the text files to TStringList objects

Listing 14-19: Releasing the string lists from memory

Listing 14-20: Locating a value using the Values property of the TStringList class

Listing 14-21: Using TRadioGroup radio buttons

Listing 14-22: Scrolling an image

Chapter 15: Standard VCL Components

Listing 15-1: Displaying hints in the OnHint event

Listing 15-2: Changing the background color of the form

Listing 15-3: Modifying the Font property of a TLabel component

Listing 15-4: Creating the code completion list

Listing 15-5: Displaying the code completion list

Listing 15-6: Code completion

Listing 15-7: Creating the code completion list, revisited

Listing 15-8: The ShowMessage button related code

Listing 15-9: Implementation of the ShowMessage user interface item

Listing 15-10: Moving the validation code to a function

Listing 15-11: The OnExecute event handler

Listing 15-12: Updating the ShowAction action

Chapter 16: Building a Text Editor

Listing 16-1: Loading a text document

Listing 16-2: Saving the document using the Save As dialog box

Listing 16-3: Creating a new document

Listing 16-4: The function that enables the user to save/discard changes

Listing 16-5: The updated New and Open actions

Listing 16-6: The OnExecute and OnUpdate event handlers of the Undo action

Listing 16-7: Cut and Copy OnExecute event handlers

Listing 16-8: The Paste action

Listing 16-9: The Delete action

Listing 16-10A: Searching for text, Delphi version

Listing 16-10B: Searching for text, C++ version

Listing 16-11: The OnReplace event handler

Chapter 17: The Multiple Document Interface

Listing 17-1: Creating a common open dialog box that allows the user to select multiple files

Listing 17-2A: Creating child instances and loading selected images, Delphi version

Listing 17-2: B Creating child instances and loading selected images, C++ version

Listing 17-3: The Window menu commands

Listing 17-4: Inverting colors

Listing 17-5: Inverting colors in C++

Chapter 18: Working with Files

Listing 18-1: Searching for files

Listing 18-2: Enumerating drives with the GetLogicalDrives function

Listing 18-3: Enumerating drives using the GetDriveType function

Listing 18-4: Using the TIniFile Class

Listing 18-5: Writing to the Registry using the TRegistryIniFile class

Listing 18-6: Using the TRegistry class

Listing 18-7: Using the TFileStream class

Listing 18-8: Saving TMemo contents to a stream

Listing 18-9: Using the CopyFrom method to copy files

Chapter 19: Desktop Database Programming

Listing 19-1: OnExecute event handlers

Listing 19-2: The application logic of the Add New Movie dialog box

Listing 19-3: Incremental filtering

Chapter 20: Advanced Development Topics

Listing 20-1: The OnDragOver event handler

Listing 20-2: Accepting items from the TypeList list box

Listing 20-3: Not the best way to instantiate controls

Listing 20-4: Using polymorphism to create controls

Listing 20-5: Registering classes

Listing 20-6: Using class references to create controls

Listing 20-7: Accepting items from the AvailableList list box

Listing 20-8: Dragging an item from one list to another

Listing 20-9: Calling the BeginDrag method

Listing 20-10: Ending drag and drop with the EndDrag method

Listing 20-11: Windows message details

Listing 20-12: Several standard Windows messages

Listing 20-13: The WM_MOVE message method

Listing 20-14: Reading coordinates from the lParam value

Listing 20-15: Using a message-related record

Listing 20-16: Automatically moving another form in the WM_MOVE message handler

Listing 20-17: Enabling the user to move the form by clicking on its client area

Listing 20-18: A custom message

Listing 20-19: Handling the custom message

Listing 20-20: Playing with messages

Listing 20-21: Registering the main form as the drop target

Listing 20-22: Determining the number of dropped files

Listing 20-23: Working with items dropped from the Windows Explorer

Chapter 21: Dynamic Link Libraries

Listing 21-1: The basic source code for a DLL

Listing 21-2: A simple DLL

Listing 21-3: The FirstLib.dll import unit

Listing 21-3: Testing the Max3 routine imported from the FirstLib.dll

Listing 21-4: A DLL routine that creates and displays an empty form

Listing 21-5: Calling a procedure from a dynamically loaded DLL

Listing 21-6: Linking the DLL with the host application

Listing 21-7: The proper way to display a VCL form that resides in the DLL

Listing 21-8: Routines that manage the memory in the DLL

Listing 21-9: Using the GetStringData and the FreeStringData routines to retrieve a localized string from the DLL

Listing 21-10: Doing things the API way

Listing 21-11: Calling the GetStringDataEx function

Listing 21-12: Basic source code of a C++Builder DLL

Listing 21-13: Two DLL functions (not counting DLLEntryPoint)

Listing 21-14A: The DLL's source file (MainDLLUnit.cpp)

Listing 21-14B: The DLL's header file (MainDLLUnit.h)

Listing 21-15: Executing code when the DLL is loaded and unloaded

Listing 21-16: DllEntryPoint in a Delphi DLL

Listing 21-17: C++ DLL with VCL forms (MyDLL.dll)

Listing 21-18: Dynamically loading a DLL in C++

Chapter 22: Graphics Programming

Listing 22-1: Using the RGB function

Listing 22-2: Drawing lines with MoveTo and LineTo

Listing 22-3: Playing with styles

Listing 22-4: Drawing lines

Listing 22-5: Working with Brush styles

Listing 22-6: Drawing text

Listing 22-7: The TextRect method

Listing 22-8: Using the DrawText function

Listing 22-9: Using the TextWidth function

Listing 22-10: Using API functions to draw on the form

Listing 22-11: Using the GetWindowDC function

Listing 22-12: Drawing a simple gradient

Listing 22-13: Handling WM_ERASEBKGND to eliminate flicker

Listing 22-14: Another way to draw gradients

Listing 22-15: Drawing gradients that support custom colors

Listing 22-16: Drawing bitmaps

Listing 22-17: Randomly drawing colored rectangles

Listing 22-18: Preparing the back buffer and randomizing the flakes

Listing 22-19: Drawing the snowflakes

Listing 22-20: Animating the snowflakes

Listing 22-21: Using the BitBlt function to draw bitmaps

Listing 22-22: Drawing snowflakes on the desktop

Chapter 23: Creating Win32 API Applications

Listing 23-1: A very simple API application

Listing 23-2: The simple API application that only displays the main window

Listing 23-3: The Menu.rc resource file

Listing 23-4: Creating the Previous and Next buttons

Listing 23-5: Displaying the open dialog box

Listing 23-6: Extracting icons

Listing 23-7: The File Ø Open command

Listing 23-8: Drawing icons and text in response to the WM_PAINT message

Listing 23-9: The Icon Viewer

Listing 23-10: A simple C++ API application

Chapter 24: Component Development Essentials

Listing 24-1: The source code of the TSimple component

Listing 24-2: Simple properties

Listing 24-3: Boolean and enumerated properties

Listing 24-4: A set property

Listing 24-5: Default property values

Listing 24-6: A simple method

Listing 24-7: Overriding virtual methods

Listing 24-8: Calling a virtual method

Listing 24-9: Properly defining default property values

Listing 24-10: The Limited property's write method

Listing 24-12: The TSimple component with the OnAccess event

Listing 24-13: The TStringsCache component

Listing 24-14: Creating a property group

Listing 24-15A: TCPPSimple component's source file

Listing 24-15B: TCPPSimple component's header file

Chapter 25: Customizing Existing Components

Listing 25-1: The AnimatedForm

Listing 25-2: The LoadLibrary method for loading rich text documents from a DLL

Listing 25-3: The ExportResource method for exporting individual resources from the DLL to the disk

Chapter 26: Advanced Component Programming

Listing 26-1: The entire character list

Listing 26-2: The updated TCharacterBox component that shares a single read method among all three custom properties

Listing 26-3: The DrawItem method of the TCharacterBox component

Listing 26-4: The SaveToFile method

Listing 26-5: The LoadFromFile method

Chapter 27: Printing, Creating PDF Documents, and Refactoring

Listing 27-1: Printing the contents of a TMemo component

Listing 27-2: The Print method of the TTextPrinter component

Listing 27-3: A simple PDF document

Listing 27-4: TPDFExport component, the beginning

Listing 27-5: StartObject and EndObject methods

Listing 27-6: Generating the document information dictionary

Listing 27-7: Generating the font object

Listing 27-8: Reformatting the strings in the component's Strings property

Listing 27-9: Generating page contents objects

Listing 27-10: Generating the page tree and the page objects

Listing 27-11: Generating the cross-reference table and the file trailer

Listing 27-12: Using the TPDFExport component to save TMemo text to PDF

Chapter 28: Image Processing

Listing 28-1: The utility code

Listing 28-2: Inverting colors using the Pixels property

Listing 28-3: The Solarize effect

Listing 28-4: Disabling an image

Listing 28-5: The AcquireDisabled procedure

Chapter 29: .NET Framework Programming

Listing 29-1: Using both the Delphi RTL and the FCL in a Delphi for .NET console application

Listing 29-2: The source code of a C# console application

Listing 29-3: if and switch statements

Listing 29-4: Arrays in C#

Listing 29-5: Instantiating and using the System.Array class

Listing 29-6: Using the ArrayList class

Listing 29-7: A very simple C# class library

Listing 29-8: Using HelloClass from the C# TestLib class library

Listing 29-9A: Using a Delphi for .NET package in a C# application

Listing 29-9B: Using a Delphi for .NET package in a VB.NET application

Listing 29-10: A method without parameters

Listing 29-11: Method that accepts a single parameter by value

Listing 29-12: Accepting a larger number of parameters

Listing 29-13: Passing parameters by reference

Listing 29-14: Calling a method that accepts parameters by reference

Listing 29-15: C# out parameters

Listing 29-16: Passing objects to methods

Listing 29-16: Overloaded methods

Listing 29-17: Passing a variable number of parameters to a method

Listing 29-18: C# enumerations

Listing 29-19: Catching several exceptions

Listing 29-20: Using exception objects, throwing and rethrowing exceptions

Listing 29-21: Reading text files with the StreamReader class

Listing 29-22: Using the Wordware.IOLibrary.TextFileReader class to view text files

Listing 29-23: The source code of a basic Windows.Forms form with a single Label component

Listing 29-24A: The entry point of a Delphi for .NET Windows.Forms application

Listing 29-24B: The entry point of a C# Windows.Forms application

Listing 29-25: Assigning multiple event handlers to an event in a Delphi for .NET Windows.Forms application

Listing 29-26: Assigning multiple event handlers to an event in a C# Windows.Forms application

Listing 29-27: Dynamically creating a Windows.Forms.Button control

Listing 29-28: Loading an entire text file into a Windows.Forms.TextBox control

Listing 29-29: Creating child forms

Chapter 30: Advanced Win32 and .NET Programming

Listing 30-1: Forward class declaration

Listing 30-2: Instantiating the enumerator class in the GetEnumerator method

Listing 30-3: The TImageCacheEnumerator class

Listing 30-4: Exporting images

Listing 30-5: The Library class

Listing 30-6: The LibraryEnumerator class

Listing 30-7: Records in Delphi for Win32 and Delphi for .NET

Listing 30-8: Structures in C#

Listing 30-9: Overloading operators in Delphi

Listing 30-10: Overloading operators in C#

Listing 30-11: C# indexers

Listing 30-12: Using a custom delegate in Delphi for Win32

Listing 30-13: A TButton descendant with a multicast OnClick event

Listing 30-14: Using delegates

Listing 30-15: Delegates and events in C#

Listing 30-16: GDI+ essentials

Listing 30-17: Working with images, text, texture, and gradient brushes