Conventions Used in This Book

This book uses the following typographical conventions:

Italic

Used to indicate new terms, URLs, filenames, file extensions, directories, and folders.

Constant width

Used to show code examples, verbatim searches and commands, the contents of files, and the output from commands.

Constant width bold

Used in examples and tables to show commands or other text that should be typed literally.

Constant width italic

Used in examples, tables, and commands to show text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

Pay special attention to notes set apart from the text with the following icons:

This icon indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note. It contains useful supplementary information or an observation about the topic at hand.

This icon indicates a warning or note of caution.

The thermometer icons, found next to each hack, indicate the relative complexity of the hack:

beginner

moderate

expert