Services for UNIX


In the world of corporate networking and Internet Service Provider operations, the UNIX and Linux operating systems are widely used. To help Windows compete in this market arena, and to help make Windows more palatable to users and managers in a heterogeneous network environment, Microsoft has developed a set of UNIX-compatible programs and network services called Services for UNIX (SFU). The Services for UNIX package includes

  • More than 350 command-line programs that UNIX users take for granted, including the Perl scripting language.

  • Network services to let UNIX clients access Windows resources and vice versa.

  • The Interix (Posix) subsystem, which lets native UNIX applications run on a Windows computer (remember that the Windows NT kernel can support more than one operating system interface). You can also develop your own UNIX applications, using the included gcc compiler suite.

  • The X11 Windowing system.

Individuals can use SFU for free; however, it works only on Windows XP Professional, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows 2000 Professional, and the various Server versions. It will not install on Windows XP Home Edition.

SFU can be downloaded from www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu, and it is also distributed on the Microsoft Developers Network CDs and DVDs.

The toolkit includes command-line tools that can be run from the Windows command prompt, Windows services, and native UNIX command-line programs that must be run from a UNIX shell (the Korn and C shells are provided). Table A.8 lists the programs included with SFU version 3.5, the current version at the time this was written. The Type column indicates the type of program:

BAT

Batch file ( .BAT or .CMD file).

CMD

Windows command-line program ( .EXE file).

IX

Interix (UNIX) command-line program, can be run only from an Interix shell.

B/I

Program provided in both Windows batch file ( .BAT file) and Interix command-line versions, so that the command can be used in either environment. The Interix version has no filename extension.

C/I

Program provided in both Windows command-line ( .EXE file) and Interix command-line versions.

SCR

Script file, usually a sample illustrating a script programming technique, less often a command-line tool.

X11

X-Windows graphical application.


Table A.8. Services for UNIX 3.5 Programs

Program

Type

Description

[

IX

Evaluates an expression on the command line and sets the exit status to the resulting value.

a2p

C/I

Compiles a Perl script from an AWK script. (Even if you don't know what that means, doesn't it sound cool?)

addr

IX

Formats and displays IP addresses and network numbers .

addr2line

IX

Converts executable program address to source code line number.

alias

IX

Lists or sets command aliases.

appres

X11

Displays application resources.

ar

IX

Creates, maintains, and extracts files from 'ar' archive files.

args.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

as

IX

GNU Assembler.

asa

IX

Interprets first character of every input line as FORTRAN carriage control and outputs ASCII control codes.

at

IX

Runs a command at a specified time.

atobm

X11

Converts ASCII text format to X11 bitmap format.

atq

IX

Lists commands scheduled to run with the 'at' command.

atrm

IX

Removes commands scheduled to be run with the 'at' command.

autodfs

CMD

Creates Windows Distributed File System links from UNIX automount map files.

awk

IX

A peculiar but powerful pattern-matching and text-manipulation scripting language.

banner

IX

Prints large block-letter banners from text specified on the command line.

basename

C/I

Returns just the filename portion of a path /filename passed on the command line.

batch

IX

Schedules a command to be run when the system is not busy.

Bc

IX

Text-input calculator; can compute numbers to arbitrary precision.

bdftopcf

X11

Converts font from Bitmap Distribution Format to Portable Compiled Format.

Bg

IX

Lets a suspended program continue running in the background (disconnected from console window).

bgjob

CMD

For users connecting via Telnet, runs a command in the background that can continue to run after your telnet session ends.

bitmap

X11

Creates simple bitmap images.

bmtoa

X11

Converts X11 bitmap format to ASCII text representation.

bp

IX

Generates new text files from boilerplate templates: scripts, source code with a cop right notice, and so on.

c++

IX

GNU C++ compiler.

c++filt

IX

Demangles C++ or Java symbol names ; displays original name .

c2ph

B/I

Generates equivalent Perl structure definitions from C structure definitions.

c89

IX

Runs the gcc C compiler in C89 mode.

cal

IX

Displays a calendar.

calendar

IX

Reminder service; displays lines matching today's date; usually run upon logon.

captoinfo

IX

Displays terminfo listing for a specified termcap terminal description file.

cat

IX

Concatenates specified input file(s) to the standard output.

cat32

C/I

Like cat, but circumvents problems when mixing Interix and Windows commands on one command line.

cc

IX

C compiler and linker (gcc).

cd

IX

Changes the current working directory.

chgpath

IX

Converts pathnames specified on the command line between Windows and UNIX formats.

chgrp

C/I

Changes a file's group ownership.

chmod

C/I

Changes a files read/write/execute permissions.

chown

C/I

Changes a file's user ownership.

chroot

IX

Runs a command or shell that will see a specified directory as the root directory.

chsh

IX

Changes your default (logon) shell.

ci

IX

Checks a source file into the Revision Control System (RCS).

cksum

IX

Computes and displays file checksum and size .

clear

IX

Clears the terminal window (like DOS cls).

cmp

IX

Compares files, reports differences.

co

IX

Checks a source file out of RCS.

col

IX

Removes reverse line feeds and tabs from input; used to filter output of nroff or tbl.

column

IX

Formats input text lines into columns .

comm

IX

Displays or removes lines common to two files.

command

IX

Runs specified command, or determines what program a command would run.

compress

IX

Compresses files. On Interix, compress and gzip are the same program.

config.pl

SCR

Updates the perl interpreter config.pm file.

configPPM.pl

SCR

Updates the Perl Package Manager configuration file.

cp

C/I

Copies files.

cpio

IX

Copies files to or from cpio or ar format archives files on disk or tape.

cpp

IX

C preprocessor, interprets #include , #ifdef , and other directives.

cron

C/I

Manages the Interix task scheduler service (daemon).

crontab

C/I

Manages a user's crontab (Interix task scheduler) table entries.

csh

IX

The standard UNIX C shell command-line interpreter.

csh.bat

BAT

Runs the Interix C shell.

csplit

IX

Splits input file(s) into smaller pieces based on embedded text delimiters or line numbers.

ctags

IX

Extracts the location of functions defined in C, Pascal, FORTRAN, yacc, lex, or LISP source code; output is used by vi editor.

cut

C/I

Extracts parts of each line of input files, writes results to standard output.

date

C/I

Sets or displays the system time and date.

dc

IX

Reverse Polish arbitrary-precision calculator.

dd

IX

File copy utility primarily used to block or deblock files to or from magnetic tape; can perform EBCDIC conversion.

df

IX

Displays amount of free disk space.

diff

C/I

Compares two text files, displays the differences.

diff3

IX

Compares three versions of a file and reports differences.

dig

IX

Domain Name System (DNS) diagnostic tool, queries DNS servers directly.

dircmp

IX

Compares two directories.

dirname

C/I

Displays just the directory portion of a filename specified on the command line.

dnsquery

IX

Domain Name System (DNS) diagnostic tool, uses local resolver.

dos2unix

CMD

Converts line separators in text files from Windows format (CR+LF) to UNIX format (LF only).

dprofpp

B/I

Displays profile data collected from a Perl program's execution.

du

C/I

Displays disk usage statistics.

echo

IX

Echoes command-line arguments.

ed

IX

Simple line-oriented text editor. Not very user-friendly but can be useful in scripts.

editres

X11

X11 Toolkit resource editor.

egrep

C/I

Extended version of the grep text pattern matching utility.

elvis

IX

Variant of vi, can be used instead of nvi.

elvrec

IX

Recovers file edited by elvis after a system or editor crash.

env

IX

Sets or displays environment variables .

ex

IX

Powerful text editor, same as vi but defaults to line-oriented mode.

exetype.bat

BAT

Sets a given program for command-line or Windows execution mode.

expand

IX

Converts tabs to spaces.

expr

IX

Evaluates expressions on command line and displays result.

FALSE

IX

Returns exit status 0.

fc

IX

Lists, edits, or reissues previously entered commands (Korn shell).

fg

IX

Resumes a suspended program in foreground mode (connected to console window).

fgrep

C/I

Fixed-string version of the grep text pattern matching utility.

file

IX

Determines the type of a specified file.

fileinfo

IX

Displays information about executable files.

find

IX

Scans a directory and its subdirectories for specified files.

find2perl

B/I

Compiles UNIX "Find" utility command lines into Perl scripts.

finger

IX

Looks up information about a specified user via a finger server.

flip

IX

Converts text file line endings between DOS (CR-LF), UNIX (LF), and Apple (CR) formats.

fmt

IX

Formats input text by collecting words into lines of about 6575 characters .

fold

IX

Folds long text lines into shorter lines for easier reading.

fsinfo

X11

Displays X11 server information.

fslsfonts

X11

Lists X11 fonts.

fstobdf

X11

Reads a font and creates a Bitmap Distribution Format file.

ftp

IX

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) utility. Supports passive mode.

g++

IX

GNU C++ compiler.

g77

IX

GNU Fortran-77 compiler.

gawk

IX

GNU implementation of the AWK pattern matching and text-processing interpreter.

gcc

IX

GNU C/C++ compiler.

gccbug

IX

Tool to help report compiler bugs to the gcc developers.

gcov

IX

GNU C coverage tool; identifies what sections of a program are never executed.

gdb

IX

GNU debugger.

gencat

IX

Compiles national language catalogs into binary format.

GET

IX

Fetches a file from a web server.

getconf

IX

Displays system parameters such as maximum file path length.

getopt

IX

Parses a command line into individual components , validates syntax.

getopts

IX

Parses a command line into individual components, validates syntax.

grep

C/I

Text pattern matching utility.

gunzip

IX

Uncompresses files packed with gzip, zip, or pack.

gzip

IX

Compresses files. Gzip, pack, and zip use different algorithms.

h2ph

B/I

Generates equivalent Perl structure definitions from C structure definitions.

h2xs

B/I

Generates Perl extensions to access C structures.

head

C/I

Displays the first few lines of a text file.

helloworld.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

hexdump

IX

Displays binary data in ascii, decimal, or hex format.

host

IX

Looks up hostnames in the Domain Name Service (DNS).

hostname

IX

Displays the name of the local computer.

hoststat

IX

Displays status information about the sendmail mail server.

iceauth

X11

Edits and displays Inter-Client Exchange (ICE) authentication records.

ico

X11

Displays an animated icosahedron or other polyhedron.

iconv

C/I

Converts text files from one code page to another.

id

IX

Displays the user and group names and numbers.

ident

IX

Displays identification information placed in files by the Revision Control System (RCS).

igetty

IX

Configures serial ports and if specified, starts login shells on them.

IISScriptMap.pl

SCR

Adds file extension mappings to the IIS web server.

imake

X11

Creates a makefile for an X11 application from a template file.

inetd

IX

Internet service daemon, starts host services when incoming requests are received and validated .

infocmp

IX

Compares or prints terminfo descriptions.

infotocap

IX

Converts a terminfo terminal capability description into termcap format.

init

IX

Runs Interix services upon startup.

insight

IX

GNU debugger.

install

IX

Copies files to a target directory.

instclus.cmd

BAT

Installs NFS share resources on a Windows Server Cluster.

ipcrm

IX

Deletes an Interprocess Communications (IPC) resource.

ipcs

IX

Reports status of IPC objects.

ispell

IX

Interactive spell checker for text files.

jobs

IX

Lists active tasks associated with a given Interix shell command window or telnet session.

join

IX

Combines lines from input files based on matching fields, as a relational database's join function would.

kill

IX

Terminates programs.

ksh

IX

Korn command-line interpreter (shell).

ksh.bat

BAT

Runs the Interix Korn shell.

last

IX

List last logon time for users or last user of a given terminal.

lbxproxy

X11

Low bandwidth X proxy.

ld

IX

GNU linker, produces executable files from object and library files.

less

IX

Displays text one screen at a time. Has more features than more utility.

lessecho

IX

Expands wildcards on command line as "echo" would but puts quotes around fil names that contain spaces.

lesskey

IX

Modifies mapping of keys to file manipulation commands for the less utility.

lex

IX

Generates C source code for a lexical analyzer from a specification file.

liblock

IX

Marks a library module as deprecated; warnings are issued if a user attempts to link against it.

line

IX

Reads and echoes one input line from the standard input to the standard output, see read.

listres

X11

Lists resources in widgets.

ln

C/I

Create hard linksmultiple directory entries for a single file, with different names or in different folders.

lndir

X11

Creates a directory tree of links to a directory tree of "real" files.

locale

IX

Displays national language locale information.

localedef

IX

Adds locale mappings to the system.

logger

IX

Adds entries to log file /var/adm/log/logger .

login

IX

Initializes a user session.

loginenv

IX

Creates a new logon session.

logname

IX

Displays your logon name.

lp

IX

Sends a text file to a printer; like the Windows print.exe command.

ls

IX

Displays and formats directory listings (like the DOS dir command).

lwp-download

B/I

Downloads large files using HTTP given the file's URL.

lwp-mirror

B/I

Updates a mirror copy of a file or entire website via HTTP.

lwp-request

B/I

Simple HTTP command-line tool; can fetch or post files.

lwp-rget

B/I

Fetches files from a website recursively via HTTP.

m4

IX

A macro language preprocessor.

mail

IX

A simple text-based email program.

mailq

IX

Lists mail messages waiting for delivery.

mailx

IX

A simple text-based email program.

make

IX

Builds programs based on dependency specifications.

makedepend

X11

Generates dependency lists from C source files, writing results to a makefile.

makedev

IX

Creates special (device) files.

makeg

X11

Runs make with options to create a debugging version of the application.

man

IX

Displays online documentation for Interix programs, library routines, services, and file formats.

mapadmin

C/I

Manages Windows/UNIX username mapping.

maze

X11

Creates and solves mazes.

merge

IX

Merges two sets of file changes into a single file.

mergelib

X11

Merges object libraries.

mkdir

C/I

Creates a directory (folder).

mkdirhier

X11

Creates directories from path specifications, creating parent directories if necessary.

mkfifo

IX

Creates a FIFO special file (named pipe).

mkfontdir

X11

Indexes X fonts.

mknod

IX

Creates regular files, special files, or directories.

more

C/I

Displays text files one screen at a time.

mount

CMD

Mounts (attaches to) NFS network shares.

mpack

IX

Packs one or more files into a MIME mail message format.

mt

IX

Manipulates a magnetic tape drive (usually SCSI-attached).

munpack

IX

Unpacks a MIME mail message file into its component files.

mv

IX

Moves or renames files.

mvwtmpx

IX

Renames the wtmpx (user logon record) file and starts a new one.

newaliases

IX

Rebuilds the mail alias file.

newgrp

IX

Changes your effective user group.

nfsadmin

C/I

Manages Server for NFS, Client for NFS, and Gateway for NFS network services.

nfsmount

IX

Version of mount, supports NFS file mounts.

nfsonly

CMD

Enables/disables NFS-only mode for NFS shares.

nfsshare

C/I

Manages NFS shared folders.

nfsstat

C/I

Displays or resets NFS server statistics.

nfsumount

IX

Version of umount, supports NFS file mounts.

nice

C/I

Runs a program at a specified priority level.

nis2ad

C/I

Imports Network Information Service (NIS) maps into Active Directory.

nisadmin

C/I

Manages the Network Information Service (NIS) service.

nismap

C/I

Manages Network Information Service (NIS) maps.

nl

IX

Prepends line numbers to the input text file(s).

nm

IX

Lists symbol names from compiled object files.

nohup

IX

Runs a program so that it will not be terminated if the shell is closed.

notepad.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

nslookup

IX

Domain Name System (DNS) diagnostic tool, queries DNS servers directly, a predecessor to dig.

nsupdate

IX

Updates DNS servers supporting dynamic update.

ntpath2posix

IX

Converts pathname specified on the command line from Windows to UNIX format.

nvi

IX

A variant of the vi text editor.

objcopy

IX

Copies compiled object files, making alterations along the way.

objdump

IX

Displays information about compiled object files.

oclock

X11

Analog clock.

od

C/I

Dumps binary files in octal, decimal, hex, or ascii format.

pack

IX

Compresses files. Gzip, pack, and zip use different algorithms.

passwd

IX

Changes your Interix password.

paste

C/I

Joins lines from each specified input file creating a tab-delimited file.

patch

IX

Applies diff changes to a text file, creating an updated version.

pathchk

IX

Verifies that a path name is portable and legal.

pax

IX

Enhanced version of the tar file archiving tool.

pcat

IX

Displays files stored in a pack compressed file.

pdomain

IX

Displays the computer's principal domain.

perl

C/I

Perl scripting language interpreter.

perl5.6.0

CMD

Runs this specific version of the Perl interpreter.

perlbug

B/I

Used to report bugs in the Perl core modules to the modules' developers.

perlcc

B/I

Compiles Perl scripts into executable programs.

perldoc

B/I

Extracts documentation from the Perl program library.

perlglob.bat

BAT

Expands wildcards into lists of filenames; used when running Perl scripts from the Windows command line.

pg

IX

Displays text one screen at a time. Has fewer features than "less."

ping

IX

Sends ICMP packets to a network host; diagnoses network connectivity.

pl2bat.bat

BAT

Wraps a Perl script in a Windows .BAT batch file so it can be conveniently run from the command line. Most of the .BAT files in this table were created using this tool.

pl2pm

B/I

Converts Perl scripts to Perl module files.

pod2html

B/I

Converts Perl .POD documentation files into HTML.

pod2latex

B/I

Converts Perl .POD documentation files into LaTeX, a non-WYSIWYG typesetting language.

pod2man

B/I

Converts Perl .POD documentation files into UNIX .MAN documentation format.

pod2text

B/I

Converts Perl .POD documentation files into plain ASCII text.

pod2usage

B/I

Prints the Usage information from Perl .POD documentation format.

podchecker

B/I

Validates the syntax of Perl .POD documentation.

podselect

B/I

Prints selected portions of a Perl .POD document.

popper

IX

Post Office Protocol (POP3) server.

posixpath2nt

IX

Converts pathname specified on the command line from UNIX to Windows format.

POST

IX

Posts a file to a web server.

ppm.bat

BAT

Runs the Perl Package Manager.

ppm.pl

SCR

Perl Package Manager; downloads and manages Perl add-on modules.

pr

IX

Paginates text files for printing.

printenv

CMD

Displays the values of environment variables.

printf

C/I

Formats command-line arguments.

protoize

IX

Converts C source function prototypes from K&R format to ANSI format.

proxymngr

X11

Manages X proxy services.

ps

C/I

Displays information about running processes.

pstat

IX

Displays process status.

pstruct

B/I

Displays structure offset data extracted from C source code.

psxoffset

IX

Lists or sets POSIX domain offsets.

psxrun

C/I

Runs an Interix program without a connected terminal or console window; for example, X11 programs or Interix-based services.

purgestat

IX

Purges expired messages from sendmail's queues.

puzzle

X11

Tile-shifting game.

pwd

C/I

Displays the current working directory.

ranlib

IX

Provides compatibility with old UNIX make files; does nothing.

rcp

IX

Copies files to a remote system.

rcs

IX

Creates and manages files for the Revision Control System (RCS).

rcsdiff

IX

Displays differences between versions of files in the RCS.

rcsmerge

IX

Applies changes made to an earlier version of an RCS-managed file into a newer modified version.

rdist

IX

Distributes files to multiple remote systems.

rdistd

IX

A component program used by rdist.

read

IX

Reads a line of input from the standard output; used in shell scripts to get user input.

regpwd

IX

Stores a protected copy of your password for use by cron, rlogin, and rsh.

regread.wsf

SCR

Example showing use of Perl under Windows Script Host.

renice

C/I

Modifies the priority of running processes.

reset

IX

Resets your terminal window if, for example, echo gets turned off.

resize

X11

Sets termcap entries to reflect current window size.

rlog

IX

Displays log messages about RCS-managed files.

rlogin

IX

Opens a terminal session on a remote computer.

rm

IX

Deletes files.

rmdir

C/I

Removes a subdirectory.

rpcgen

IX

Generates C linkage source code from a Remote Procedure Call specification.

rpcinfo

C/I

Displays information about and tests Remote Procedure Call services.

rsh

IX

Opens a terminal session on a remote computer.

rshpswd

CMD

Sets your remote shell service password.

rstart

X11

Sample remote start application for rsh protocol.

rstartd

IX

Sample implementation of an rsh remote start helper.

runperl.bat

BAT

Used to run Perl scripts from the command line; read the file for details.

runwin32

IX

Runs a Windows (Win32) program. The Interix shells can run Win32 programs directly, but runwin32 automatically searches the Windows PATH .

s2p

B/I

Compiles a Perl script from a sed (stream editor) script.

script

IX

Creates a transcript of an interactive terminal session.

sdiff

C/I

Compares two text files or directories; displays the differences side-by-side.

search.bat

BAT

Enhanced grep utility.

sed

C/I

Stream editor; applies changes to text line by line, from a file or pipeline.

sendmail

IX

Mail delivery server.

service

IX

Manages an Interix application running as a Windows service.

sessreg

X11

Manages user logon auditing records.

sfuadmin

CMD

Displays SFU version, can also set User Name Mapping server.

sfumgmt.msc

MSC

Services for UNIX Management MMC snap-in.

sh

IX

Default command interpreter shell (same as ksh).

showenv.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

showfont

X11

Lists X fonts.

showmount

C/I

Displays file systems exported by an NFS server.

size

IX

Displaysv information about program section sizes from compiled object files.

sleep

IX

Pauses for a specified number of seconds; used in scripts.

smproxy

X11

X session manager proxy.

sort

IX

Sorts or merges text files line by line.

specialfolder.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

spell

IX

Lists unrecognized ( potentially misspelled ) words found in a text file.

splain

B/I

Expands upon diagnostics issued by the Perl compiler and interpreter (from the phrase "'Splain it to me, Lucy").

split

C/I

Breaks a large text file into smaller files of at most 1,000 lines.

sqlserver.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

sqlserverevents.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

ssimda

IX

Delivers a mail message to a local mailbox (file on the local computer).

startx

X11

Starts the X window system.

strerror

IX

Displays text description of an Interix (UNIX) error code.

strings

C/I

Displays any printable character strings found in a binary file.

strip

IX

Deletes symbols from compiled object code files.

strsignal

IX

Displays text description of an Interix (UNIX) signal number.

stty

IX

Changes terminal window characteristics.

su

IX

Switches user identity (like Windows runas ).

sum

IX

Obsolete version of cksum.

syslogd

IX

Logging service, receives messages from network devices and services and records messages in a log file.

tail

C/I

Displays the last few lines of a file. The -f option prints additional lines as they are added, very useful for monitoring log files.

talk

IX

Inter-user text chat utility.

tar

IX

Archiving utility; packs files into or extracts files from a single file; a subset of pax.

tcsh

IX

The C shell command-line interpreter with filename completion and command-line editing enhancements.

tee

C/I

Inserted into a command pipeline, saves a copy of the data passing through the pipeline.

telnet

IX

Establishes an interactive session on a remote computer, device or network service.

test

IX

Evaluates an expression on the command line and sets the exit status to the resulting value.

test.wsf

SCR

Windows Script Host Perl script demo.

tftp

IX

Trivial file transfer protocol client.

tic

IX

Compiles terminfo source files into a binary format.

time

IX

Runs a command and displays elapsed and effective CPU time.

tip

IX

Connects to a remote system through a serial adapter.

tnadmin

CMD

Manages the Telnet server.

toe

IX

Displays the terminfo database.

touch

IX

Updates or sets file access or modification times.

tput

IX

Displays or sets terminal capability values.

tr

C/I

Used in a command pipeline; substitutes or deletes specified characters.

TRUE

IX

Returns exit status 1.

truss

IX

Runs a command and displays its system calls and signals.

tset

IX

Sets terminal characteristics upon logon.

tsort

IX

Sorts and formats text describing a directed graph.

tty

IX

Displays the name of the current terminal device.

twm

X11

Window manager for X.

tzselect

IX

Sets the local time zone.

umask

IX

Displays or sets the default file creation mask (read/write/execute attributes given to new files).

umount

CMD

Deletes NFS network mount points.

unalias

IX

Removes aliases defined in the command-line shell.

uname

C/I

Displays information about the local computer's hardware and software environment.

uncompress

IX

Uncompresses files packed with compress.

unexpand

IX

Replaces strings of spaces in a text file with tabs.

unifdef

IX

Interprets and removes #ifdef sections from source code files.

uniq

C/I

Filters out repeated lines in its input file(s).

unix2dos

CMD

Converts line separators in text files from UNIX format (LF only) to Windows format (CR+LF).

unixpath2win

IX

Converts the UNIX file path specified on the command line to Windows format.

unpack

IX

Uncompresses files packed with pack.

unprotoize

IX

Converts C source function prototypes from ANSI format to K&R format.

unvis

IX

Converts visible text representation back to original format; see "vis."

unzip

IX

Uncompresses files packed with zip (use this on .ZIP files from Windows and DOS).

uudecode

C/I

Decodes a uuencoded text file into its original binary representation.

uuencode

C/I

Encodes a binary file into a text format suitable for emailing or other forms of transmission.

vi

IX

Full-screen character-mode editor; same as ex in screen mode.

view

IX

Same as vi but read-only mode is enabled by default; used to peruse files with less risk of saving changes.

viewres

X11

Athena Widget class browser.

vis

IX

Displays a text file with non-printing characters displayed in a visible text format.

wait

C/I

Pauses until a specified program has completed; useful for batch files.

wat

IX

Runs the Windows at command from an Interix shell. (Generally, any Windows command can be run from an Interix shell. These 'wxxx' commands are provided for the cases where there is an Interix command with the same name as a Windows command.)

wc

IX

Displays count of words, lines, and characters in text files.

wdate

IX

Runs the Windows date command from an Interix shell.

wecho

IX

Runs the Windows echo command.

wexit

IX

Runs the Windows exit command.

wexpand

IX

Runs the Windows expand command.

wfc

IX

Runs the Windows fc command.

wfind

IX

Runs the Windows find command.

wfinger

IX

Runs the Windows finger command.

wftp

IX

Runs the Windows ftp command.

which

CMD

Scans the PATH to identify which .EXE file will be run when its name is typed on the command line.

who

IX

Displays a list of logged-on users.

whoami

IX

Displays your logon name.

whostname

IX

Runs the Windows hostname command from an Interix shell.

winpath2unix

IX

Converts the Windows file path specified on the command line to UNIX format.

wmkdir

IX

Runs the Windows mkdir command from an Interix shell.

wmore

IX

Runs the Windows more command.

wnslookup

IX

Runs the Windows nslookup command.

wperl

GUI

Runs a Perl script as a Windows application, not as a console mode program.

wping

IX

Runs the Windows ping command.

wprint

IX

Runs the Windows print command.

wrcp

IX

Runs the Windows rcp command.

wrmdir

IX

Runs the Windows rmdir command.

wrsh

IX

Runs the Windows rsh command.

wset

IX

Runs the Windows set command.

wsort

IX

Runs the Windows sort command.

wtelnet

IX

Runs the Windows telnet command.

wtftp

IX

Runs the Windows tftp command.

wtime

IX

Runs the Windows time command.

wtype

IX

Runs the Windows type command.

wvisible

IX

Tests whether the current window station is visible (it would not be if the current process was running as a service, or was hidden due to Fast user Switching).

wwrite

IX

Runs the Windows write command from an Interix shell.

x11perf

X11

X server performance test program.

x11perfcomp

X11

Compares results of x11perf test runs.

xargs

C/I

Runs a specified command with command-line arguments read from the standard input.

xauth

X11

Manages authentication database for X server.

xbiff

X11

Notifies you of incoming mail.

xcalc

X11

Calculator.

xclipboard

X11

Shared Clipboard tool for X11 applications.

xclock

X11

Analog/digital clock.

xcmsdb

X11

Xlib Screen Color Characterization Data utility.

xcmstest

X11

XCMS application tester.

xconsole

X11

Displays X11 system console messages.

xcutsel

X11

Tool to help manage cut and paste operations between X11 applications.

xditview

X11

Displays formatted output from ditroff.

xdm

X11

X11 display manager.

xdpyinfo

X11

Displays X11 server capabilities.

xedit

X11

Text editor.

xev

X11

Debugging tool, displays events for a given window.

xeyes

X11

Displays a pair of eyes that follow the mouse cursor.

xfd

X11

Displays all characters in an X font.

xfindproxy

X11

Locates X11 proxy services.

xfontsel

X11

Displays and selects fonts.

xfs

X11

X11 font server; usually started automatically.

xfwp

X11

X11 firewall proxy.

xgc

X11

Demonstrates X11 graphical capabilities.

xhost

X11

Manages list of hosts allowed to connect to X11 server.

xieperf

X11

Exercises XIE protocol.

xinit

X11

Initializes and starts X11 server when not started by init.

xkbbell

X11

Manages beep and keyboard feedback.

xkbcomp

X11

Compiles keyboard layout descriptions for X Windows.

xkbevd

X11

X11 keyboard event daemon (service).

xkbprint

X11

Prints a description of an X11 keyboard layout file.

xkbvleds

X11

Virtual LED indicators for keyboard.

xkbwatch

X11

Unknown.

xkill

X11

Kills an X11 client program.

xlogo

X11

Displays the X11 Windows logo.

xlsatoms

X11

Lists X11 protocol atoms (defined strings).

xlsclients

X11

Lists active X11 client applications.

xlsfonts

X11

Lists X11 fonts.

xmag

X11

Magnifies selected part of X11 screen.

xman

X11

Displays manual pages.

Xmark

X11

Summarizes "x11perf" results.

xmkmf

X11

Creates a makefile for an X11 application from an imakefile.

xmodmap

X11

Modifies X11 server keyboard maps.

xon

X11

Starts the X11 window system on a remote computer.

xprop

X11

Displays properties of a selected window or font.

xrdb

X11

X11 server resource database managers; sets user preferences at startup.

xrefresh

X11

Refreshes X11 screen.

xset

X11

Sets user preferences for X11.

xsetroot

X11

Sets X11 window background design.

xsm

X11

X11 window session manager.

xstdcmap

X11

Defines color mapping for X11.

xterm

X11

X11 terminal emulator and command prompt window.

xuctblgen

X11

Sets X11 locale.

xwd

X11

Captures image of X11 window.

xwininfo

X11

Displays information about X11 windows.

xwud

X11

Displays images captured by "xwd".

yacc

IX

Generates C source code for an LR parser from a grammar specification file.

yearistype

IX

Tests whether the current year is leap, even, odd, or a US presidential election year.

ypcat

CMD

Dumps a Network Information Service (NIS) map database.

ypclear

CMD

Clears the NIS map cache.

ypmatch

CMD

Displays NIS data for specified keys.

yppush

CMD

Forces updating of slave NIS servers following an update to the master.

zcat

IX

Displays files stored in a zip compressed file.

zdump

IX

Lists information from the time zone database.

zic

IX

Compiles time zone definitions.

zip

IX

Compresses files. Gzip, pack, and zip use different algorithms. This is the one commonly used on DOS and Windows systems.





Upgrading and Repairing Microsoft Windows
Upgrading and Repairing Microsoft Windows (2nd Edition)
ISBN: 0789736950
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2005
Pages: 128

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