DATA Step Statements


Executable and Declarative Statements

DATA step statements are executable or declarative statements that can appear in the DATA step. Executable statements result in some action during individual iterations of the DATA step; declarative statements supply information to SAS and take effect when the system compiles program statements.

The following tables show the SAS executable and declarative statements that you can use in the DATA step.

Executable Statements

ABORT

IF, Subsetting

PUT

Assignment

IF-THEN/ELSE

PUT, Column

CALL

INFILE

PUT, Formatted

CONTINUE

INPUT

PUT, List

DECLARE

INPUT, Column

PUT, Named

DELETE

INPUT, Formatted

PUT, ODS

DESCRIBE

INPUT, List

PUTLOG

DISPLAY

INPUT, Named

REDIRECT

DO

LEAVE

REMOVE

DO, Iterative

LINK

REPLACE

DO UNTIL

LIST

RETURN

DO WHILE

LOSTCARD

SELECT

ERROR

MERGE

SET

EXECUTE

MODIFY

STOP

FILE

_NEW_

Sum

FILE, ODS

Null

UPDATE

GO TO

OUTPUT

 

Declarative Statements

ARRAY

DATALINES

LABEL

Array Reference

DATALINES4

Labels, Statement

ATTRIB

DROP

LENGTH

BY

END

RENAME

CARDS

FORMAT

RETAIN

CARDS4

INFORMAT

WHERE

DATA

KEEP

WINDOW

DATA Step Statements by Category

In addition to being either executable or declarative, SAS DATA step statements can be grouped into five functional categories:

Table 7.1: Categories of DATA Step Statements

Statements in this category

let you

Action

  • create and modify variables

  • select only certain observations to process in the DATA step

  • look for errors in the input data

  • work with observations as they are being created

Control

  • skip statements for certain observations

  • change the order that statements are executed

  • transfer control from one part of a program to another

File-handling

  • work with files used as input to the data set

  • work with files to be written by the DATA step

Information

  • give SAS additional information about the program data vector

  • give SAS additional information about the data set or data sets that are being created.

Window Display

  • display and customizewindows.

The following table lists and briefly describes the DATA step statements by category.

Table 7.2: Categories and Descriptions of DATA Step Statements

Category

Statement

Description

Action

'ABORT Statement' on page 1098

Stops executing the current DATA step, SAS job, or SAS session

 

'Assignment Statement' on page 1108

Evaluates an expression and stores the result in a variable

 

'CALL Statement' on page 1117

Invokes or calls a SAS CALL routine

 

'DECLARE Statement' on page 1133

Declares a DATA step component object; creates an instance of and initializes data for a DATA step component object

 

'DELETE Statement' on page 1137

Stops processing the current observation

 

'DESCRIBE Statement' on page 1139

Retrieves source codefrom a stored compiled DATA step program or a DATA step view

 

'ERROR Statement' on page 1153

Sets _ERROR_ to 1 and, optionally , writes a message to the SAS log

 

'EXECUTE Statement' on page 1154

Executes a stored compiled DATA step program

 

'IF Statement, Subsetting' on page 1212

Continues processing only those observations that meet the condition

 

'LIST Statement' on page 1295

Writes to the SAS log the input data record for the observation that is being processed

 

'LOSTCARD Statement' on page 1301

Resynchronizes the input data when SAS encounters a missing or invalid record in data that has multiple records per observation

 

'_NEW_ Statement' on page 1325

Creates an instance of a DATA step component object

 

'Null Statement' on page 1328

Signals the end of data lines; acts as a placeholder

 

'OUTPUT Statement' on page 1339

Writes the current observation to a SAS data set

 

'PUTLOG Statement' on page 1371

Writes a message to the SAS log

 

'REDIRECT Statement' on page 1373

Points to different input or output SAS data sets when you execute a stored program

 

'REMOVE Statement' on page 1375

Deletes an observation from a SAS data set

 

'REPLACE Statement' on page 1378

Replaces an observation in the same location

 

'STOP Statement' on page 1405

Stops execution of the current DATA step

 

'Sum Statement' on page 1406

Adds the result of an expression to an accumulator variable

 

'WHERE Statement' on page 1419

Selects observations from SAS data sets that meet a particular condition

Control

'CONTINUE Statement' on page 1123

Stops processing the current DO-loop iteration and resumes with the next iteration

 

'DO Statement' on page 1143

Designates a group of statements to be executed as a unit

 

'DO Statement, Iterative' on page 1144

Executes statements between DO and END repetitively based on the value of an index variable

 

'DO UNTIL Statement' on page 1148

Executes statements in a DO loop repetitively until a condition is true

 

'DO WHILE Statement' on page 1149

Executes statements repetitively while a condition is true

 

'END Statement' on page 1151

Ends a DO groupor a SELECT group

 

'GO TO Statement' on page 1210

Moves execution immediately to the statement label that is specified

 

'IF-THEN/ELSE Statement' on page 1213

Executes a SAS statement for observations that meet specific conditions

 

'Labels, Statement' on page 1279

Identifies a statement that is referred to by another statement

 

'LEAVE Statement' on page 1280

Stops processing the current loop and resumes with the next statement in sequence

 

'LINK Statement' on page 1294

Jumps to a statement label

 

'RETURN Statement' on page 1386

Stops executing statements at the current point in the DATA step and returns to a predetermined point in the step

 

'SELECT Statement' on page 1394

Executes one of several statements or groups of statements

File-handling

'BY Statement' on page 1112

Controls the operation of a SET, MERGE, MODIFY, or UPDATE statement in the DATA step and sets up special grouping variables

 

'CARDS Statement' on page 1118

Indicates that data lines follow

 

'CARDS4 Statement' on page 1118

Indicates that data lines that contain semicolons follow

 

'DATA Statement' on page 1124

Begins a DATA step and provides names for any output SAS data sets

 

'DATALINES Statement' on page 1131

Indicates that data lines follow

 

'DATALINES4 Statement' on page 1132

Indicates that data lines that contain semicolons follow

 

'FILE Statement' on page 1155

Specifies the current output file forPUT statements

 

'FILE, ODS Statement' on page 1169

Creates an ODS output object by binding the data component to the table definition (template). Optionally, lists the variables to include in the ODS output and specifies options that control the way that the variables are formatted.

 

'INFILE Statement' on page 1222

Identifies an external file to read with anINPUT statement

 

'INPUT Statement' on page 1245

Describes the arrangement of values in the input data record and assigns input values to the corresponding SAS variables

 

'INPUT Statement, Column' on page 1260

Reads input values from specified columns and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables

 

'INPUT Statement, Formatted' on page 1263

Reads input values with specified informats and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables

 

'INPUT Statement, List' on page 1267

Scans the input data record for input values and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables

 

'INPUT Statement, Named' on page 1273

Reads data values that appearafter a variable name that is followed by anequal sign and assigns them to corresponding SAS variables

 

'MERGE Statement' on page 1304

Joins observations from two or more SAS data sets into single observations

 

'MODIFY Statement' on page 1307

Replaces, deletes, and appends observations in an existing SAS data set in place; does not create an additional copy

 

'PUT Statement' on page 1342

Writes lines to the SAS log, to the SAS output window, or to an external location that is specified in the most recent FILE statement

 

'PUT Statement, Column' on page 1358

Writes variable values in the specified columns in the output line

 

'PUT Statement, Formatted' on page 1360

Writes variable values with the specified format in the output line

 

'PUT Statement, List' on page 1364

Writes variable values and the specified character strings in the output line

 

'PUT Statement, Named' on page 1368

Writes variable values after the variable name and an equal sign

 

'PUT, ODS Statement' on page 1371

Writes data values to a special buffer from which they can be written to the data component and formatted by ODS

 

'SET Statement' on page 1397

Reads an observation from one or more SAS data sets

 

'UPDATE Statement' on page 1414

Updates a master file by applying transactions

Information

'ARRAY Statement' on page 1100

Defines elements of an array

 

'Array Reference Statement' on page 1105

Describes the elements in an array to be processed

 

'ATTRIB Statement' on page 1109

Associates a format, informat, label, and/or length with one or more variables

 

'DROP Statement' on page 1150

Excludes variables from output SAS data sets

 

'FORMAT Statement' on page 1207

Associates formats with variables

 

'INFORMAT Statement' on page 1242

Associates informats with variables

 

'KEEP Statement' on page 1276

Includes variables in output SAS data sets

 

'LABEL Statement' on page 1277

Assigns descriptive labels to variables

 

'LENGTH Statement' on page 1281

Specifies the number of bytes for storing variables

 

'MISSING Statement' on page 1306

Assigns characters in your input data to represent special missing values for numeric data

 

'RENAME Statement' on page 1377

Specifies new names for variables in output SAS data sets

 

'RETAIN Statement' on page 1381

Causes a variable that is created by an INPUT or assignment statement to retain its value from one iteration of the DATA step to the next

Window Display

'DISPLAY Statement' on page 1139

Displays a window that is created with the WINDOW statement

 

'WINDOW Statement' on page 1424

Creates customized windows for your applications




SAS 9.1 Language Reference Dictionary, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
SAS 9.1 Language Reference Dictionary, Volumes 1, 2 and 3
ISBN: N/A
EAN: N/A
Year: 2004
Pages: 704

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