| 1: | Describe in general terms the benefits of using standards. |
| A1: | Answer: Standards help makes things work well together, particularly when two things must work together. For instance, a lamp you buy at the store needs electrical power, so if the lamp maker follows the standards for how electrical sockets work, you should be able to plug in a lamp and have it work. |
| 2: | What were two of the early and popular proprietary networking models? |
| A2: | Answer: IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and DEC DECnet |
| 3: | Define the term "networking model," and compare and contrast it with the term "networking standard." |
| A3: | Answer: A networking standard defines a specific item. A networking model is a combination of many standards. By definition, if a network implements the multiple standards in the model, the network will work well and allow useful communications to occur. |
| 4: | List the two public networking models covered in this chapter, including the words represented by their acronyms. |
| A4: | Answer: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) |
| 5: | List the names of the four layers in the TCP/IP networking model, in order, with the highest layer first. |
| A5: | Answer: Application, transport, internetwork, and network interface |
| 6: | List the names of the seven layers in the OSI networking model, in order, with the highest layer first. |
| A6: | Answer: Application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical |
| 7: | List the two standards bodies that define LAN and WAN standards, as referenced by TCP/IP. Which one defines LAN standards? |
| A7: | Answer: The IEEE and the ITU. The IEEE defines LAN standards, and the ITU defines WAN standards. |
| 8: | What term refers to where a router stores the information that tells it how to forward packets? |
| A8: | Answer: Routing table |
| 9: | Networkers use OSI terminology to describe networking protocols in general. List two OSI terms that might describe the IP protocol. |
| A9: | Answer: "IP is a Layer 3 protocol" and "IP is a network layer protocol." |
| 10: | Define the term "packet." |
| A10: | Answer: A group of bits that are combined for transmission in a network |
| 11: | This chapter uses the terms "standard" and "protocol," but it suggests one typical difference between a protocol and a standard. What is that difference? |
| A11: | Answer: A protocol typically defines a process, whereas a standard more often defines something static. For instance, the size and shape of a connector on the end of a cable is a standard, but the process through which a computer notices in-error packets and asks for replacement packets is defined as a protocol. |
| 12: | What term refers to bits that are added to end user data, for the purpose of allowing a protocol to have a place to keep information important to how the protocol does its function? |
| A12: | Answer: Header |
