2.8 Bond pricing formula


2.8 Bond pricing formula

Allowing the bond price to take the form:

we have [18] :

and so the bond price equation (2.18) reduces to:

Since the left-hand side is a function of the short- term interest rate r ( t ), while the right-hand side is independent of the short-term interest rate, the following two equations must be satisfied:

To solve for A ( t, T ) and B ( t, T ) first consider (2.29). This is a Ricatti equation [19] with solution B ( t, T ) = v ( t, T )/ u ( t, T )where v ( t, T ) and u ( t, T )are solutions to the following system of equations [20] :

Set = T ˆ’ t where T is the bond maturity date; then and the above system of equations may be written as:

From (2.30) we have:

substituting into (2.31) gives:

Expressing this in terms of D -operators results in a simple quadratic equation:

The roots of this quadratic equation are ( ³ + » ˆ’ )/2 and ( ˆ’³ + » ˆ’ )/2 where and hence the solution may be written as:

where k 1 and k 2 are constants. Since B ( T,T ) = 0 = v (0)/ u (0), v (0) = 0 and hence k 1 = ˆ’ k 2 . Setting k 1 = 1 and k 2 = ˆ’ 1, v ( ) becomes:

Substituting (2.34) and

into (2.32) gives:

Since = T ˆ’ t , the solution of the Riccati equation is obtained from (2.34) and (2.35) as:

Now consider equation (2.28) with fixed bond maturity T , so the bond price is a function of t only. Hence:

where and are constants. Substituting B ( t, T ) from (2.36) into (2.37):

Let y = e ³ ( T ˆ’ s ) then and . Making this substitution and noting that ( ³ ˆ’ » ˆ’ )( ³ + » + ) = ³ 2 ˆ’ ( + » ) 2 = 2 ƒ 2 , the integral in the above equation becomes:

and hence the solution for A ( t, T )is:

An analysis similar to that in the derivation of Vasicek's model in Chapter 1 can be applied to determine the bond price dynamics. Since the bond price is a function of the short-term interest rate, Ito's Lemma is used to give:

where

The existence of a factor risk premium q ( r, t ), implies:

Vasicek assumes a constant market price of risk, while CIR specify:

and hence under the CIR model the bond price process is specified by:

[18] Where the subscript indicates a partial derivative.

[19] The general form of the Ricatti equation is:

The solution of this equation can be written as w ( t ) = v ( t )/ u ( t ) where v ( t ) and u ( t )are solutions of the associated system of first order linear equations:

For more details on solving the Ricatti equation see [ 47 ].

[20] v and u are functions of t and T , but T is fixed, hence v ² ( t, T ) and ( t, T ) denote the derivative with respect to t .




Interest Rate Modelling
Interest Rate Modelling (Finance and Capital Markets Series)
ISBN: 1403934703
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2004
Pages: 132

flylib.com © 2008-2017.
If you may any questions please contact us: flylib@qtcs.net