Research: Procure a copy of Bertrand Meyer’s excellent book Object-Oriented Software Construction, Second Edition, and read it from front to back.
Research: Procure a copy of Robert C. Martin’s book Designing Object-Oriented C++ Applications Using The Booch Method. (Although the Booch diagramming notation has been superseded by the Unified Modeling Language, and the code examples are given in C++, the Java student will still gain much from reading this excellent work.)
Research: Conduct a web search for the keywords Liskov substitution principle, open-closed principle, dependency inversion principle, and Meyer design by contract programming.
Design Modification: Create a new checked exception named InvalidPreconditionException and utilize it instead of the Java assertion mechanism to signal invalid preconditions. (Hint: The Incrementer.incrementer() method, and any methods that override it, should throw this exception if the precondition is invalid.)