basename function bash shell, benchmarking and benchmarking bash shell Cygwin and subst function calls and variable assignment speed binary trees ALL_TREES variables filesystem layout and multiple searches separate source tree separation book makefile m4 macros and output generation source validation XML preprocessing bottlenecks dependencies and build files, XML build targets, recursive make and build-classpath function builds automation Linux kernel makefile testing built-in functions filenames and patterns as arguments string functions syntax built-in rules 2nd [See also rules] implicit rules variables