Index P

[SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X]

packages
    binary
        removing  2nd 
    binary packages
        installing 
    cygipc package
        installing 
    Debian packages
        installing 
    RPM packages
        installing  2nd 
        removing binary packages  2nd 
parameters
    Linux kernal parameters  2nd  3rd 
    PHP/PostgreSQL database parameters  2nd 
    PHP/PostgreSQL databases
        creating tables  2nd 
        disconnecting from 
    runtime parameters
        setting 
    runtime parameters (PostgreSQL)
        postgresql.conf file  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
parameters (PHP)
    scripts
        passing parameters to scripts  2nd  3rd 
parent classes
    inheritance  2nd  3rd  4th 
parsecontent function  2nd 
parsing
    PostgreSQL statements  2nd 
paths (geometric data types)  2nd 
PDF files
    generating 
    LaTeX
        generating documents  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
Perl  2nd 
    commands
        preg_grep command  2nd 
        preg_match_all command  2nd  3rd 
        preg_quote command 
        preg_replace command  2nd  3rd 
        preg_split command  2nd  3rd 
    metacharacters  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
    preg-match function (PHP)  2nd 
    special symbols 
    vs. PHP and PostgreSQL  2nd 
persistent database connections (PHP)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th 
    commands
        pg_pconnect command 
pg_close function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_cmdtuples function (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_ctl
    postmaster daemon
        starting  2nd  3rd 
pg_dbname function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_end_copy command (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_errormessage function (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd  3rd 
pg_exec function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_fetch_array command (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_fetch_array function (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_fetch_object command (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_fetch_row command (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_fetch_row function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_fieldname function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_fieldnum function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_fieldsize function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_freeresult function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_hba.conf (PostgreSQL configuration file)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
pg_host function (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd  3rd  4th 
pg_locreate function 
pg_loimport function 
pg_loopen function  2nd 
pg_loread function 
pg_loreadall function  2nd 
pg_lowrite function 
pg_numfields function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_numrows function (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_pconnect command (PHP) 
pg_port function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_put_line command (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_trace function (PHP/PostgreSQL)  2nd 
pg_triggers  2nd 
pg_tty function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pg_untrace function (PHP/PostgreSQL) 
pgxml_parse function (XML)  2nd 
pgxml_xpath function (XML) 
phantom reads 
PHP
    Apache
        installing  2nd 
    Apache and PHP
        installing  2nd  3rd  4th 
    application servers  2nd  3rd  4th 
        installing PHPLens  2nd 
        JPETO  2nd 
        PHPLens  2nd  3rd 
        PHPLensConnect function 
        render function 
    arrays
        passing arrays to functions  2nd 
    authentication  2nd  3rd 
    BLOBs (Binary Language Objects) 
        pg_locreate function  
        pg_loimport function  
        pg_loopen function   2nd 
        pg_loread function  
        pg_loreadall function   2nd 
        pg_lowrite function  
    classes 
        building  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th 
        inheritance  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
    code
        debugging  2nd  3rd 
    code packages
        building  2nd  3rd 
    command-line parameters  2nd 
        -i flag  2nd 
        -m flag 
    commands
        array_multisort command  2nd 
        arsort command 
        BEGIN command 
        break command 
        COMMIT command 
        each command  2nd 
        foreach command 
        imap_status 
        include commands 
        next command 
        pg_pconnect command 
        preg_grep command  2nd 
        preg_match_all command  2nd  3rd 
        preg_quote command 
        preg_replace command  2nd  3rd 
        preg_split command  2nd  3rd 
        reset command  2nd 
        ROLLBACK command 
        sort command  2nd 
        stat command  2nd 
    configuring  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th 
        flags  2nd 
    control structures 
        && operators 
        and operators 
        break statements  2nd  3rd 
        case statements  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        continue statements  2nd  3rd 
        DO..WHILE loops  2nd 
        else statements  2nd 
        elseif statements 
        FOR loops  2nd  3rd 
        if statements  2nd  3rd 
        or operators 
        switch statements  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        WHILE loops  2nd  3rd  4th 
        xor operators 
    data types  2nd  3rd 
        array_diff function 
        array_intersect function  2nd 
        array_merge function  2nd 
        array_unique function  2nd 
        arrays  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th  25th  26th  27th  28th  29th  30th  31st 
        automatic data type recognition 
        building functions  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        chr function 
        crypt function 
        explode function 
        functions  2nd 
        Gauss function 
        gettype function 
        htmlspecialchars function  2nd 
        implode function 
        is_array function  2nd 
        is_double function  2nd 
        is_integer function  2nd 
        is_string function  2nd 
        ltrim function 
        Ord function 
        printf  2nd  3rd 
        QuoteMeta function  2nd 
        range function 
        rtrim function 
        shuffle function  2nd 
        sprintf 
        strcmp 
        strings 
        stripslashes function 
        strlen function 
        strtolower function  2nd 
        strtoupper function  2nd 
        trim function 
        ucfirst function 
        ucwords function 
    date functions
        checkdate function 
        date function  2nd  3rd 
        getdate function  2nd 
    dynamic images
        allocating color 
        copying 
        creating  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th 
        drawing objects  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        merging  2nd  3rd 
        reading 
        retrieiving color information 
        sending images as files 
        sizing images 
        text  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
    e-mail
        attachments  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        headers  2nd  3rd 
        mailboxes  2nd  3rd  4th 
        retrieving IMAP server status data 
        sending  2nd  3rd 
    exception handling 
        die function  2nd 
        exit function 
    fields
        hidden fields  2nd 
    files 
        local files  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th  25th  26th  27th  28th  29th  30th  31st  32nd  33rd  34th  35th  36th  37th  38th  39th  40th  41st  42nd  43rd  44th  45th  46th  47th  48th  49th  50th  51st  52nd  53rd  54th  55th  56th  57th  58th  59th  60th  61st  62nd  63rd  64th  65th  66th  67th  68th  69th  70th  71st  72nd  73rd  74th  75th  76th  77th  78th  79th  80th  81st 
        managing  2nd  3rd  4th 
        remote files  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th  25th  26th  27th  28th  29th  30th  31st  32nd  33rd  34th  35th  36th  37th  38th  39th  40th  41st  42nd  43rd  44th  45th  46th  47th  48th  49th  50th  51st  52nd  53rd  54th  55th  56th  57th  58th  59th  60th  61st  62nd  63rd  64th  65th  66th  67th  68th  69th 
        storing as toasted text  2nd  3rd 
    flags  2nd 
    forms 
        building  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th 
        GET forms  2nd 
        POST forms  2nd 
    functions
        array fgetcsv function 
        array file function 
        array fstat function 
        array lstat function 
        array pathinfo function 
        array stat function 
        basename function 
        bool fclose function 
        bool file_exists function 
        bool flock function 
        bool is_dir function 
        bool is_executable function 
        bool is_file function 
        bool is_link function 
        bool is_readable function 
        bool is_uploaded_file function 
        bool is_writable function 
        bool move_uploaded_file function 
        chgrp function 
        chmod function 
        chown function 
        clearstatcache function 
        compute function 
        copy function 
        debug function  2nd 
        die function  2nd 
        dirname function 
        ereg function  2nd 
        ereg_replace function 
        eregi function 
        eregi_replace function  2nd 
        exit function 
        f  [See k function]
        fclose function  2nd 
        file function 
        float diskfreespace function 
        float_disk_total_space function 
        fopen function  2nd  3rd 
        fputs function 
        fread function 
        geomean function 
        int f  [See k function]
        int feof function 
        int fflush function 
        int fileatime function 
        int filectime function 
        int filegroup function 
        int fileinode function 
        int filemtime function 
        int fileowner function 
        int fileperms function 
        int filesize function 
        int fopen function 
        int fpassthru function 
        int fputs function 
        int ftell function 
        int ftruncate function 
        int fwrite function 
        int link function 
        int linkinfo function 
        int mkdir function 
        int pclose function 
        int popen function 
        int readfile function 
        int rename function 
        int rewind function 
        int rmdir function 
        int set_file_buffer function 
        int symlink function 
        int tmpfile function 
        int touch function 
        int umask function 
        int unlink function 
        lower function 
        mixed fscanf function 
        preg-match function  2nd 
        readfile function 
        rewind function 
        sql_regcase function 
        string fgetc function 
        string fgets function 
        string fgetss function 
        string filetype function 
        string fread function 
        string readlink function 
        string realpath function 
        string tempnam function 
        versus embedded languages  2nd 
    Hello World(QUOTES) message  2nd  3rd  4th 
        adding comments  2nd  3rd  4th 
        assigning variables  2nd  3rd  4th 
    installing
        for Windows 
    LaTeX codes
        generating  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th 
    objects 
        attributes  2nd  3rd 
        cloning  2nd  3rd 
        constructors 
        destructors 
        function overloading  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        inheritance  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        methods  2nd 
    parameters
        passing to scripts  2nd  3rd 
    persistent database connections  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th 
    persistent database connections, pg_pconnect command 
    PHP and PostgreSQL
        vs. MySQL 
        vs. Perl  2nd 
    PHP interpreter
        command-line parameters  2nd 
    PostgreSQL
        working with  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
    regular expressions
        metacharacters  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
        Perl  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th 
        POSIX  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        preg_grep command  2nd 
        preg_match_all command  2nd  3rd 
        preg_quote command 
        preg_replace command  2nd  3rd 
        preg_split command  2nd  3rd 
        special characters  2nd 
    scripts
        passing parameters to  2nd  3rd 
    session management 
        cookies  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
        session IDs  2nd  3rd 
        variables;registering  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    time functions 
        gettimeofday function  2nd 
        gmmktime function  2nd 
        gmstrftime function 
        gmtime function 
        localtime function 
        microtime function  2nd 
        mktime function 
        strftime function 
        strtotime function 
        time function 
    transactions
        starting  2nd  3rd  4th 
    variables  2nd  3rd 
        automatic data type recognition 
        global variables  2nd 
        include command 
        static variables 
        variable names  2nd 
    Web sites  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Ecomtel 
PHP interpreter
    command-line parameters
        -i flag  2nd 
PHP.  [See also PHP/PostgreSQL]
PHP/PostgreSQL
    commands
        COPY command  2nd  3rd  4th 
        INSERT command 
        LOCK command 
        pg_end_copy command  2nd 
        pg_fetch_array command 
        pg_fetch_object command  2nd 
        pg_fetch_row command 
        pg_put_line command  2nd 
    databases
        adding records 
        connecting to  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        creating tables  2nd 
        disconnecting from  2nd 
        handling errors  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
        inserting records  2nd  3rd  4th 
        managing memory 
        parameters  2nd 
        retrieving records  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
    functions
        execute function 
        pg_close functions 
        pg_cmdtuples function  2nd 
        pg_dbname functions 
        pg_errormessage function  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        pg_exec functions 
        pg_fetch_array function  2nd 
        pg_fetch_row function 
        pg_fieldname function 
        pg_fieldnum function 
        pg_fieldsize function 
        pg_freeresult function 
        pg_host functions  2nd  3rd  4th 
        pg_numfields function 
        pg_numrows function  2nd 
        pg_port functions 
        pg_trace function  2nd 
        pg_tty functions 
        pg_untrace function 
PHPLens  2nd  3rd 
    installing  2nd 
    PHPLensConnect function 
    render function 
PHPLens Web site  2nd 
PHPLensConnect function 
pi function  2nd 
PL/Perl 
PL/pgSQL  2nd 
    aliases  2nd  3rd  4th 
    comments 
    functions
        executing  2nd  3rd  4th 
        writing  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th 
    queries  2nd 
        NOTICE function 
    transactions  2nd  3rd 
    triggers
        writing  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th 
PL/Tcl 
points (geometric data types) 
    creating  2nd  3rd 
polygons (geometric data types) 
    creating  2nd  3rd  4th 
POP3 (e-mail protocol)  2nd 
ports
    scanning
        nmap  2nd 
POSIX 
    functions
        ereg function (PHP)  2nd 
        ereg_replace function (PHP) 
        eregi function (PHP) 
        eregi_replace function (PHP)  2nd 
        sql_regcase function (PHP) 
POST forms (PHP)  2nd 
postgres superuser (PostgreSQL)  2nd 
PostgreSQL  
PostgreSQL
    aggregation functions 
        AVG functions 
        COPY command  2nd  3rd 
        COUNT functions  2nd 
        GROUP BY statements  2nd 
        HAVING clauses  2nd 
        INSERT statements 
        MAX functions 
        MIN functions 
        NULL values  2nd 
        SUM functions 
    algorithms
        Levenshtein algorithm  2nd  3rd 
        Soundex algorithm  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th 
    aliases  2nd 
        self-joins  2nd  3rd 
    architectures 
        postmaster daemons 
    arrays 
        limited arrays 
        multidimensional arrays  2nd  3rd 
        one-dimensional arrays  2nd 
        two-dimensional arrays 
    binary packages, installing 
    BLOBs (Binary Large Objects)
        PHP  2nd  3rd  4th 
        SQL  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    boxes (geometric data types)  2nd 
    C 
    circles  2nd 
    clauses
        WHERE clause 
    commands
        ALTER command  2nd  3rd 
        ALTER GROUP command  2nd 
        ALTER USER command  2nd 
        ANALYZE command  2nd  3rd 
        BEGIN command  2nd 
        COMMIT command  2nd 
        COPY command  2nd  3rd 
        CREATE FUNCTION  2nd 
        CREATE GROUP command  2nd 
        CREATE OR REPLACE 
        CREATE RULE command  2nd 
        CREATE TABLE command  2nd 
        CREATE USER command  2nd  3rd 
        CREATE VIEW command  2nd  3rd 
        DELETE command 
        DROP FUNCTION 
        DROP GROUP command 
        DROP RULE command  2nd  3rd 
        DROP USER command 
        DROP VIEW command  2nd 
        EXPLAIN command  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        GRANT command  2nd 
        LOCK command 
        REVOKE command  2nd  3rd 
        ROLLBACK command  2nd 
        SHOW command  2nd  3rd 
        UPDATE command 
        VACUUM ANALYZE command 
        VACUUM command  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        VACUUM FULL command 
    compiling  2nd 
        compiler flags  2nd 
    configuration files
        pg_hba.conf file  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        postgresql.conf file  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
    configuring  2nd 
    connections
        tracing  2nd  3rd  4th 
    constraints 
        CHECK constraint 
        CHECK constraint  
        CHECK constraint 
        CHECK constraint  
        CREATE TABLE command   2nd 
        DEFAULT constraint 
        DEFAULT constraint  
        DEFAULT constraint 
        DEFAULT constraint  
        foreign keys   2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints  
        INITIALLY IMMEDIATE constraints  
        NOT NULL constraint 
        NOT NULL constraint  
        NOT NULL constraint 
        NOT NULL constraint  
        NULL constraint 
        NULL constraint  
        primary keys   2nd 
        UNIQUE constraint 
        UNIQUE constraint  
    copyright agreement 
    data
        inserting  2nd 
        selecting  2nd 
    data migration 
        from MySQL  2nd  3rd  4th 
        from Oracle  2nd 
    data types 
        date  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th 
        geometric data types  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th  25th  26th  27th  28th 
        interval  2nd  3rd  4th 
        network data types  2nd  3rd  4th 
        psql  2nd 
        time with time zone  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th 
        time without time zone  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        timestamp with time zone  2nd 
    database clusters  2nd  3rd  4th 
    database daemon
        starting  2nd 
    databases
        configuring 
        creating  2nd  3rd  4th 
        memory management 
        removing  2nd 
    Debian packages
        installing 
    fulltextindex package
        installing 
    functions
        GetCurrentTransactionID function 
        getxid function 
        metaphone  2nd 
        myexec function  2nd  3rd 
    geometric data types
        creating  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
    indexes
        B-trees 
        hashes 
        R-trees 
    inheritance  2nd  3rd  4th 
        serials   2nd  3rd  4th 
        sql_inheritance  2nd 
    installing
        supported platforms  2nd  3rd 
    joins  2nd  3rd  4th 
    lines (geometric data types) 
        line segments  2nd 
    Linux kernals
        configuring  2nd  3rd  4th 
    locking
        row-level locking  2nd 
        table locking  2nd 
    memory management
        configuring 
    networks
        configuring security  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    object relational databases 
        inheritance  2nd  3rd  4th 
    paths  2nd 
    PHP
        working with  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
    PHP and PostgreSQL
        vs. MySQL 
        vs. Perl  2nd 
    PL/Perl 
    PL/pgSQL  2nd 
        aliases  2nd 
        comments 
        executing functions  2nd  3rd  4th 
        queries  2nd  3rd 
        transactions  2nd  3rd 
        writing functions  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th 
        writing triggers  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd  23rd  24th 
    PL/Tcl 
    points (geometric data types) 
    polygons 
    psql
        data types  2nd 
    queries
        combining  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        optimizing  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th 
        processing  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th 
    regular expressions  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th 
        escaping characters 
    RPM packages
        installing  2nd 
        removing binary packages  2nd 
    rules  2nd 
        creating  2nd  3rd 
        removing  2nd  3rd 
    runtime parameters
        configuring  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
        setting 
    secure authentication
        configuring  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    source code
        installing 
    SQL 
        caching functions  2nd 
        overloading functions  2nd 
        removing functions 
        running functions 
        statements  2nd  3rd 
        writing functions  2nd  3rd  4th 
    starting/stopping  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    subselects
        subqueries  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
    substring indexes
        creating  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    superusers
        postgres  2nd 
    tables
        explicit locking  2nd  3rd  4th 
    temporary tables  2nd  3rd 
        creating serials 
    transactions  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        BEGIN command  
        COMMIT command   2nd 
        reads   2nd  3rd 
        ROLLBACK command   2nd 
        transaction isolation levels  
    tuning 
        processing queries 
        setting runtime parameters 
    Unix, installing on 
    user interface 
        psql  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th 
        queries 
    user rights
        ALTER command  2nd  3rd 
        ALTER GROUP command  2nd 
        ALTER USER command  2nd 
        CREATE GROUP command  2nd 
        CREATE USER command  2nd  3rd 
        DROP GROUP command 
        DROP USER command 
        GRANT command  2nd 
        REVOKE command  2nd  3rd 
        superusers  2nd 
    user-defined data types
        creating  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
    views 
        CREATE RULE command  2nd 
        CREATE VIEW command  2nd  3rd 
        DROP RULE command  2nd  3rd 
        DROP VIEW command  2nd 
    WAL (Write Ahead Logs) 
    Web sites
        Ecomtel 
    Websites  2nd 
    Windows, installing on  2nd  3rd  4th 
        installing Cygwin 
    Windows, running on 
    XML
        accessing documents  2nd  3rd 
        adding documents  2nd  3rd 
        installing 
        problems 
        validating documents  2nd 
PostgreSQL.  [See also PHP/PostgreSQL]
postgresql.conf (PostgreSQL configuration file)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
postmaster daemon
    starting  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
postmaster daemons
    starting 
postmaster daemons (PostgreSQL) 
PostScript 1 functions 
preg_grep command  2nd 
preg_match function (PHP)  2nd 
preg_match_all command  2nd  3rd 
preg_quote command 
preg_replace command  2nd  3rd 
preg_split command  2nd  3rd 
primary key columns 
primary keys  2nd 
    serials
        inheritance  2nd  3rd  4th 
printf (PHP)  2nd  3rd 
processing
    PostgreSQL queries 
        GEQO (Genetic Query Optimizer) 
        indices  2nd  3rd  4th 
        optimizers  2nd  3rd  4th 
        parsing statements  2nd 
PRODUCT operation (relational databases) 
PROJECT operation (relational databases) 
protocols
    e-mail
        IMAP  2nd  3rd 
        POP3  2nd 
        SMTP 
psql  2nd 
    command-line parameters  2nd 
    commands  2nd 
        command  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    data types
        command  2nd