G-I

gigahertz (GHz)

One billion cycles per second. The internal clock speed of a microprocessor is expressed in GHz.

global catalog

A fast-access copy of the full directory that includes only those objects that are commonly used, such as usernames and logon names.

global groups

Groups that hold users in the domain and that are placed into local groups. Global groups are primarily used to group users with similar network roles.

graphical user interface (GUI)

An application that provides intuitive controls (such as icons, buttons, menus, and dialog boxes) for configuring, manipulating, and accessing applications and files.

H0

Another ISDN channel that includes 6 B channels. Other H channel definitions include H-10 and H-11, which are just another way of identifying the 23 B channels of the Primary Rate Interface.

hard drive

Stores data as a series of ones and zeros on a series of magnetically coated disks. A positive charge indicates a one, and the absence of a charge indicates a zero.

Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)

Provided by Microsoft, the HCL lists all hardware that has been tested by Microsoft and has proved to work with a particular operating system. Hardware not on the HCL might work, but is not certain to.

hexadecimal

A numbering system that uses 16 instead of 10 as its base; it uses the digits 0-9 and the letters A-F to represent the decimal numbers 0-15.

hidden file

A file that is not viewable using the DIR command in DOS or viewable in a folder. The hidden file attribute can be set to on or off using the attribute command in DOS or by setting the file properties in Windows.

hop

The number of foreign gateways (routers other than your own) that a packet must pass through between the source and destination computers.

hub

A Physical layer device that connects computers and other devices to make a network. A hub regenerates an incoming signal from one device and broadcasts the signal out all other ports.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A text-based scripting language that is used in the creation of web pages to control the presentation of text and graphics. It can also be used to add functionality to the web page for navigation or for interfacing with other technologies like databases and multimedia.

I/O memory

Memory addresses that are reserved and assigned to add-on devices. Each assignment tells the CPU about the location of a specific device.

IEEE 802.3

The IEEE standard that is also known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) and defines how most Ethernet networks function.

IEEE 802.3ab

The IEEE standard for 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet over unshielded twisted-pair cable (UTP).

IEEE 802.3u

The IEEE standard for 100Mbps Fast Ethernet. Defines the specifications for implementing Fast Ethernet at the Physical and Data-Link layers of the OSI model.

IEEE 802.3z

The IEEE standard for 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet over fiber-optic cable.

incremental backup

Uses the archive bit to determine which files have changed since the last incremental backup. After the incremental backup is complete, the archive bit is cleared. Incremental backups occur between each normal or full backup.

Input/Output (I/O)

Refers to any device or operation that enters data into or extracts data from a computer.

Input/Output (I/O) channel

A circuit that provides a path for an input or output device to communicate with the processor.

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

Pronounced I triple E, an international organization that defines computing and telecommunications standards. The LAN standards defined by IEEE include the 802-workgroup specifications.

Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

A drive technology that integrates the drive and controller into a single piece of hardware. IDE drives are an inexpensive data-storage solution.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

A technology that combines digital and voice transmission onto a single wire.

International Standards Organization (ISO)

An organization dedicated to defining global communication and informational exchange standards. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is the American representative to the ISO.

Internet Explorer

If your computer has access to the Internet, Internet Explorer is the main utility for accessing Internet resources.

Internet service provider (ISP)

A company or organization that provides the user with access to the Internet, typically for a fee. Users may gain access by using any one of many remote connection technologies, including modems, DSL, ISDN, cable modems, and others.

internetwork

Two or more networks that are connected by using a router.

interrupt

A type of signal that is used to get the attention of the CPU when I/O is required. An interrupt tells the CPU that the operating system is requesting that a specific action be taken. Interrupts are prioritized; higher-numbered interrupts are serviced first.

interrupt request (IRQ)

The method used by a device to inform the microprocessor (CPU) that the device needs attention. Through this method of interruption, the microprocessor can function without needing to poll each device to see whether it needs service.

IO.SYS

A DOS system file that is the first to load from disk during the boot process. This system file contains the software that facilitates interaction between attached hardware and the ROM BIOS.

IP Security (IPSec)

A protocol standard for encrypting IP packets.




MCSA. MCSE 2003 JumpStart. Computer and Network Basics
MCSA/MCSE 2003 JumpStart
ISBN: 078214277X
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 203
Authors: Lisa Donald

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