Index_M

M

machine code, storing. See binary strings

mainframe computers, 12–13

maintenance tasks, 475, 476

manipulating

data integrity, 398

data while retrieving, 35–36

objects, 413

market share, database software, selecting, 6

matching

columns, joining, 282–284

results from two queries, 274–275

materialized views

aliases, 251

Oracle 9i, 138–140

mathematical functions, MS SQL Server 2000, listed, 718

maximum, calculating (MAX), 344

MDX (Multidimensional Expressions) language, 600

membership test, setting (IN operator), 256–258

memory

indexes, releasing (DROP INDEX), 160–161

sequence values, caching, 136

tables, releasing storage space (DROP TABLE), 156–158

views versus tables, 112

MERGE statement, DML (Data Manipulation Language), 202–204

metadata functions

MS SQL Server 2000, 481, 721

Oracle 9i, 464–466

Microsoft. See also Windows

SQL/CLI standard, 557–558

system stored procedures, 476

Microsoft Calculator, 384–385

Microsoft Data Access Interfaces, 581–589

Microsoft Distributed COM. See COM/DCOM

Microsoft Open Database Connectivity. See ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server. See MS SQL Server 2000

Microsoft Windows

CD-ROM, back of the book, 609–610

Data Source Name, configuring, 563–565

DB2 UDB 8.1, installing, 658–666

Microsoft Calculator, 384–385

Oracle 9i software, installing, 638–648

privileges, revoking, 426–427

security, 414

standardization, 7

user authentication, 401

minimum, calculating (MIN), 344

minutes. See date and time

modes, locks, 229–233

modifying. See also changes

columns

adding, 147–148, 152, 154

modifying, 148, 154–155

removing, 149, 155–156

triggering, 524

constraints

creating, 149–150, 152–153, 156

deferring, 93–94

disabling and enabling, 150–151

modifying, 149

read-only, 115–116

removing, 150, 153, 156

customer credit status, 361

database objects, cross-reference, 169–170

existing data (UPDATE)

column in all rows, 194

DB2 UDB 8.1, 151–153, 198

described, 33–34, 192–193

integrity constraints, 197

MS SQL Server 2000, 154–156, 198

multiple columns, 194

Oracle 9i, 146–151, 198

SET clause, 193

single column of single row, 194

single-row subquery, 195–197

SQL99, 146

WHERE clause, 193

flexibility, 5

identity column options, modifying, 152

physical attributes, changing, 147

privilege, assigning, 38

renaming, 151

sequences

DB2 UDB 8.1, 168

Oracle 9i, 168

single-row subquery with correlated, 196–197

summary table options, altering, 153

views

DB2 UDB 8.1, 163

MS SQL Server 2000, 163

Oracle 9i, 162

restricting, 438

with SELECT statement, 248–249

modularity, procedural language, 491–493

modulo operator (%), 368, 371

MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP), 598

money, 56, 57

monitoring database activity

DB2 UDB 8.1, 448–449

described, 397, 398

MS SQL Server 2000, 449–451

Oracle 9i, 447–448

months. See date and time

MS Access, 11, 769

MS Excel, 12

MS Office, 11

MS SQL Server 2000

ACME database, 627, 693–694

aliasing, 247

ALTER statements, listed, 169–170

blank spaces in string

indicating, 319

removing, 328

C program, connecting, 534

character sets, converting, 355

characters, replicating, 325–326

check constraint error message, 187

column constraints, 86

columns

selecting all, 243

sorting, 269

concurrency control mechanism, 229

data encryption, 444–446

data types

approximate numbers, 59

binary strings, 52–53

bits, 74

character strings, 49

converting, 324

date and time, 64, 74

format output, 348–349

NULL, specifying, 259

numeric, 56, 57, 59

database auditing, 449–451

database organization, displayed, 123

date and time

arithmetic, 333–334, 370

calculating months between two dates, 338

data types, 63–64, 67–68

time zone, adjusting, 330

deadlocks, 234

decimal numbers, truncating, 313

DML (Data Manipulation Language), Oracle 9i versus, 205

DROP statements, listed, 171–172

errors

messages, 187

script, 694

exact numbers, 55–56

functions

aggregate, 339, 719–720

configuration, listed, 722

conversion, 345

cursor, listed, 720

date and time, 329, 719

grouping, 309

integer remainder, calculating, 371

mathematical, listed, 718

metadata, listed, 721

numeric, 310

rowset, listed, 726

system, 482–483

system-level privileges, revoking, 423–424

indexes

clustered, creating, 111

creating, 111–112

dropping, 161

inserting, secure handling, 440–441

installing, 666–673

introduction, 23

keywords, reserved for future, 745–747

market share, 6

maximum name length restrictions, 8

modifying existing data (UPDATE), 198

national character strings, 50–51

objects, creating, 141–143

OLAP, 599–600

OOP, 604

operating systems, 41

operators

arithmetic, 369

bitwise, 390–392

matching results from two queries (EXISTS), 275, 376–377

Oracle, accessing data, 580

OS security integration, 432

outer joins, 295–296

parameters, passing, 496

physical object, lack of, 246

queries, excluding results of first in second (MINUS), 275, 277–278

removing data (DELETE), 202

right outer join, 300–301

rounding numbers, 312

rows, deleting all (TRUNCATE), 204–205

security

application roles, 433

object-level, 420–421, 426–427

OS integration, 432

privileges, 421

revoking, 423–424, 426–427

roles, 429, 431–435

session environment, controlling, 212–216

SQL99 compliance, 753–765

statistical, listed, 725

stored procedures

columns accessible in current session, listing, 478

databases, listing, 478–479

described, 512–514

information, obtaining, 479–480

rows, returning, 478

tables and views, listing, 477–478

string, 316–317, 716–717

synonyms, 122, 125

system, 723–725

system catalog, 470–475

tables

altering, 154–156

constraints, 90

creating, 81–82

dropping, 158

populating (INSERT), 190–192

temporary, 84–85

tablespaces and filegroups, 132–133

text and image, 720

transactions

committing, 219–220

isolation levels, 227–228

locking modes, 231–233

multiple databases, 224

nested, 220

ROLLBACK, 221

rolling changes back to specified point (SAVEPOINT), 223–224

Transact-SQL procedural language

conditional execution, 498

cursors, programming, 504

data encryption, 445–446

error handling, 507

loops, 499

parameters, passing, 494

privileges, 415

repeated execution, 499

session environment, controlling, 212–216

stored procedures, creating, 440–441, 508

triggers, creating, 523–525

user-defined functions, 516, 519–520

variables, 491

user

defining, 401–403

managing, 401–403

privileges, 413–415

utilities

command line interface, 683–686

Query Analyzer, 686–688

views

altering, 163

creating, 117–118

dropping, 164

simulating (OR REPLACE), 119

wildcard operators, 379

MS Word files, 52

mSQL, 769

Multidimensional Expressions language. See MDX

Multidimensional OLAP. See MOLAP

multilevel marketing, 287–289, 614

multimedia, 30

multiple columns

modifying existing data (UPDATE), 194

SELECT statement

all columns, 242

all columns plus an extra, 242–243

distinct values, 243–245

several columns, 241–242

multiple element operands, set theory operations, 785

multiple queries, combining results

EXCEPT (MINUS), 275–278

INTERSECT, 274–275

UNION, 270–274

multiple row query results, storing, 536–537

multiple table queries

columns containing NULL values

full outer join, 301–302

left outer join, 296–299

right outer join, 299–301

syntaxes, 294–296

union join, 302

inline views, joins involving, 302–303

inner joins

cross join, 289–290

equijoin, 282–284

nonequijoin, 284–286

self-join, 287–289

syntaxes, 279–281

more than two tables, 290–293

SELECT, DQL statements, syntax, 733–734

with correlated queries, 303–304

multiples, set theory, 784

multiplication operator (*)

described, 368

precedence, 383

multiuser environment, database, need for, 4

MySQL, 11, 769