Index

A

Action selection of agents , 159163

Actuators in agents, 155156

Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART1). See ART1 (Adaptive Resonance Theory) algorithm

AddToChain function, 221222

Affective Computing group , MIT, 344346

Age, longevity of agents, 186187

Agency. See Agents

Agent brains , 155156

Agent Environment Type Symbolics (code listing), 165166

Agents

action selection, 159163

actions of, 156, 158

actuators in, 155156

adaptivity of, 278

Ananova agents, 281

ants as agents, 63, 64, 81

applications for, 339

attributes, common, 278279

auction agents, 280281, 339

autonomy of, 278

'Bots as, 277

brains, agent brains, 155156

CD-ROM content, 352

collaboration and, 279

communication and, 278

competition between, 159

death of, 159, 183184

decision making capabilities of, 159163, 281282

defined and described, 277281

entertainment agents, 281

evolving survival strategies of, 189

in food model, 154158

Function simulateAgents (code listing), 172176

fuzzy logic and, 283

intelligence and, 281283

longevity of, 186187

mobile agent frameworks, 281

mobility of, 279

multiagent systems, 279

personal agents, 339

personality of, 279

planning agents, 339

playback, 186

reproduction in food chain model, 158159, 184185

in rules-based systems, 282

scheduling agents, 339

search agents, 280, 339

sensors in, 155156, 164165

simulated annealing and, 283

task-specific agents, 280281

taxonomy (types) of, 279281

viruses, 281

WebAgent application described, 283284

Web-search agents, 280

AI

branches of, 8

commercial applications, 3, 7, 42

defined, 12

emotions and, 344346

history of, 37

origin of term , 4

scientific discovery programs, 344

top-down vs. bottom-up methods , 341342

Turing Test, 4

"AI Effect," 2

Alife. See Artificial life and Food Chain Model

Ananova agents, 281

Ant Algorithms (Ant Colony Optimizations)

Alpha and beta parameters, 80

ants as agents, 63

CD-ROM content, 350

description, 6265

Evaporating and Depositing Pheromone with updateTrails (code listing), 76

evaporation equation for "pheromone," 6465

Functions antProduct and selectNextCity (code listing), 7374

Function simulateAnts (code listing), 7476

Globals and Runtime Structures (code listing), 70

Initialization Function (code listing), 7072

iteration and, 6567

Main Function for the Ant Algorithm Simulation (code listing), 7778

movement, probability equation to direct, 6364

natural motivation, 5962

parameter adjustments, 65, 8081

parameters described, 69

"Pheromone" equations, 6465, 6667

population and distribution of agents, 63, 81

restartAnts Function to Reinitialize All Ants (code listing), 7273

rho parameter, 80

sample runs described, 7879

" tours " (agent movement), 64

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), 6778

Types and Symbolic Constants for City / Ant Representation (code listing), 6768

AntProduct function, 7374

ART2, 41

ART1 (Adaptive Resonance Theory) algorithm

applications for, 56

ART1 algorithm (code listing), 4952

biological motivations (description), 3536

CD-ROM content, 349

Data Structures for Personalization (code listing), 4445

detailed description of, 3740

feature vectors, role of, 37

Initializing Algorithm Structures (code listing), 46

learning in, 41

parameters of, 37

personalization and, 4246

Personalization main Function (code listing), 4546

Prototype Vector Manipulation Functions (code listing), 4749

proximity test (Beta parameter), 39

sample output, 5355

Support Functions for ART1 (code listing), 47

tweaking the algorithm, 53

variations on, 41

vigilance test, 39

ART1 algorithm (code listing), 4952

Artificial animals, 342

Artificial life and Food Chain Model

Agent Types and Symbolics (code listing), 163164

CD-ROM content, 351

command-line options for simulation, 189

Coordinate Offsets to Sum Object in the Field of View (code listing), 172

death of agents, 159, 183184

defined and described, 151

food chain model, 153159

food chains, simulating, 152

Function chooseObject (code listing), 182183

Function eat (code listing), 179182

Function growPlant to Introduce Foliage into the Simulation, 168169

Function initAgent to Initialize the Agent Species, 169170

Function init to Initialize the Simulation (code listing), 167168

Function killagent (code listing), 183184

Function move (code listing), 178179

Function reproduceAgent, 184186

Function simulateAgent, 172176

Function turn (code listing), 177178

Lamarckian inheritance, 155

main Function for the ALife Simulation, 166167

parameters, adjusting, 189190

percept Function (code listing), 176177

perception algorithm and, 171172

reproduction of agents, 158159, 184185

sample iteration for food chain model, 159163

sample simulation results, 186189

The simulate Function (code listing), 170

Simulation Macro Functions (code listing), 166

synthetic ethology, 151

ARTMAP, 41

Attributes of agents, 178179

Auction agents, 280281, 339

Author, contact information, xix

Automated Mathematician (AM), 5, 344

Automatic programming, 8

Autonomic computing, 343344